{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T04:06:49Z","timestamp":1770437209828,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]],"date-time":"2012-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337644800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]],"date-time":"2012-05-22T23:23:01Z","timestamp":1337728981000},"page":"e37114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Outcomes of Comprehensive Care for Children Empirically Treated for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Setting of High HIV Prevalence"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Hind","family":"Satti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Omotayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salmaan","family":"Keshavjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes C.","family":"Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joia S.","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwonjune J.","family":"Seung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1010023","article-title":"Picking up the pace\u2013scale-up of MDR tuberculosis treatment programs.","volume":"363","author":"S Keshavjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"636","article-title":"Global epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis.","volume":"8","author":"LJ Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.143271","article-title":"Surveillance of antituberculosis drug resistance among children from the Western Cape Province of South Africa\u2013an upward trend.","volume":"99","author":"HS Schaaf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250600675741","article-title":"Childhood drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.","volume":"95","author":"HS Schaaf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2010.09.010","article-title":"Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: a survival guide for paediatricians.","volume":"12","author":"HS Schaaf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.12.1106","article-title":"Culture confirmed multidrug resistant tuberculosis: diagnostic delay, clinical features, and outcome.","volume":"88","author":"HS Schaaf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"648","article-title":"Childhood tuberculosis: clinical research needs.","volume":"8","author":"SM Graham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31820b583d","article-title":"Drug-resistant tuberculosis: pediatric guidelines.","volume":"30","author":"M Al-Dabbagh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2007.04.008","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of tuberculosis in children.","volume":"8","author":"AT Cruz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"594","article-title":"Tuberculosis in children: reassessing the need for improved diagnosis in global control strategies.","volume":"5","author":"P Eamranond","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1983.128.3.425","article-title":"A continuing study of primary drug-resistant tuberculosis among children observed at the Kings County Hospital Medical Center between the years 1961 and 1980.","volume":"128","author":"P Steiner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Primary drug-resistant tuberculosis in children.","volume":"4","author":"HS Schaaf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"326","article-title":"Infection of children by strains of tubercle bacilli initially resistant to streptomycin or to isoniazid.","volume":"80","author":"R Debre","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"592","article-title":"Non-tuberculosis opportunistic infections and other lung diseases in HIV-infected infants and children.","volume":"9","author":"SM Graham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"12","article-title":"Pulmonary disease in HIV-infected African children.","volume":"5","author":"SM Graham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199206043262302","article-title":"An outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among hospitalized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.","volume":"326","author":"BR Edlin","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507273330406","article-title":"Tuberculosis in New York City\u2013turning the tide.","volume":"333","author":"TR Frieden","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540150031027","article-title":"A multi-institutional outbreak of highly drug-resistant tuberculosis: epidemiology and clinical outcomes.","volume":"276","author":"TR Frieden","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199809000-00018","article-title":"An outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis involving HIV-infected patients of two hospitals in Milan, Italy. Italian Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Outbreak Study Group.","volume":"12","author":"M Moro","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-3-177","article-title":"An outbreak of tuberculosis caused by multiple-drug-resistant tubercle bacilli among patients with HIV infection.","volume":"117","author":"M Fischl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69573-1","article-title":"Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa.","volume":"368","author":"NR Gandhi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1244","article-title":"Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in children with human immunodeficiency virus in rural South Africa.","volume":"14","author":"TA Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Guidance for national tuberculosis and HIV programmes on the management of tuberculosis in HIV-infected children: Recommendations for a public health approach.","author":"WHO\/IUATLD","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283210020","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: consequences for the global HIV community.","volume":"22","author":"S Shenoi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2235","article-title":"Community-based therapy for children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.","volume":"117","author":"PC Drobac","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"637","article-title":"Clinical and programmatic considerations in the treatment of MDR-TB in children: a series of 16 patients from Lima, Peru.","volume":"7","author":"JS Mukherjee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181783aca","article-title":"Management of pediatric multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infections in New York City from 1995 to 2003.","volume":"27","author":"K Feja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.765","article-title":"Evaluation of young children in contact with adult multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: a 30-month follow-up.","volume":"109","author":"HS Schaaf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199602)21:2<138::AID-PPUL9>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: two cases and a review of the literature.","volume":"21","author":"NW Schluger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-28","article-title":"High prevalence of childhood multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Johannesburg, South Africa: a cross sectional study.","volume":"11","author":"L Fairlie","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"157","article-title":"Culture-Confirmed Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Children: Clinical Features, Treatment, and Outcome.","author":"J Seddon","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70033-6","article-title":"Treatment outcomes for children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","author":"D Ettehad","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref33","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref34","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Partners In Health 2011 Annual Report: From Innovation to Transformation.","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15496-2","article-title":"Programmes and principles in treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.","volume":"363","author":"JS Mukherjee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis: Emergency update 2008.","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis: 2011 update.","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007186","article-title":"Early outcomes of MDR-TB treatment in a high HIV-prevalence setting in southern Africa.","volume":"4","author":"KJ Seung","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01696.x","article-title":"Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plasma concentrations in children receiving tuberculosis chemotherapy including isoniazid.","volume":"99","author":"K Cilliers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0615","article-title":"High rate of hypothyroidism among patients treated for MDR-TB in Lesotho.","volume":"16","author":"H Satti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"640","article-title":"Speaking the same language: treatment outcome definitions for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.","volume":"9","author":"KF Laserson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref43","author":"Assistance Tuberculosis Coalition for Technical","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60580-6","article-title":"Age and the epidemiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis.","volume":"375","author":"PR Donald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-83","article-title":"Clinical deterioration during antituberculosis treatment in Africa: incidence, causes and risk factors.","volume":"10","author":"DJ Pepper","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"961","article-title":"1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents and Adults Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"41","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"47","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: Recommendations for a public health approach: 2010 revision.","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328011efac","article-title":"Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution disease: incidence, risk factors and impact in an antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa.","volume":"21","author":"SD Lawn","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70184-1","article-title":"Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case definitions for use in resource-limited settings.","volume":"8","author":"G Meintjes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70026-8","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"10","author":"M Muller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70140-7","article-title":"Immune reconstitution disease associated with mycobacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretrovirals.","volume":"5","author":"SD Lawn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Significant enhancement in survival with early (2 weeks) vs.","author":"F Blanc","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"417","article-title":"Tuberculosis during early antiretroviral-induced immune reconstitution in HIV-infected children.","volume":"11","author":"M Zampoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-8-1","article-title":"Clinical presentation and outcome of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus infected children on anti-retroviral therapy.","volume":"8","author":"E Walters","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e3282fe9693","article-title":"Pediatric HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.","volume":"3","author":"DR Boulware","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000195618.55453.9a","article-title":"Immune reconstitution syndrome after highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected thai children.","volume":"25","author":"T Puthanakit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Abnormal thyroid function tests in children on ethionamide treatment.","volume":"i","author":"S Thee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 15: 1191\u20131193,"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/10158782.2011.11441440","article-title":"Ethionamide-induced hypothyroidism in children.","volume":"26","author":"UM Hallbauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"South Afr J Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.3.974","article-title":"Hypokalemia among patients receiving treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.","volume":"125","author":"S Shin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60492-8","article-title":"Early treatment outcomes and HIV status of patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"375","author":"K Dheda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Community-based care for drug-resistant tuberculosis: a guide for implementers","author":"II USAID TB Care","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Vital and Health Statistics Series 11, Number 246: 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and Development.","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0037114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T03:06:51Z","timestamp":1588993611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0037114"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Shabir Ahmed","family":"Madhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0037114","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]]}}}