{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:52:39Z","timestamp":1791168759136,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1339459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T21:01:49Z","timestamp":1339534909000},"page":"e38355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Sex Differences and Autism: Brain Function during Verbal Fluency and Mental Rotation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Felix D. C. C.","family":"Beacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Radulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovico","family":"Minati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Baron-Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Chuan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus A.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil A.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo D.","family":"Critchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Pervasive Developmental Disorders.","author":"FR Volkmar","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"847","article-title":"Evolving knowledge of sex differences in brain structure, function, and chemistry. Biological psychiatry.","volume":"62(8)","author":"KP Cosgrove","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oct 15"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"477","article-title":"Why sex matters for neuroscience. Nature reviews.","volume":"7(6)","author":"L Cahill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience, Jun"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"68","article-title":"Autism: the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.","volume":"1156","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mar"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"361","article-title":"The systemizing quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.","volume":"358(1430)","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Feb 28"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"163","article-title":"The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Journal of autism and developmental disorders.","volume":"34(2)","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Apr"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"819","article-title":"Sex differences in the brain: implications for explaining autism. Science (New York, NY.","volume":"310(5749)","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nov 4"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"83","article-title":"Autism attenuates sex differences in brain structure: a combined voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study. AJNR.","volume":"33(1)","author":"FD Beacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jan"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Gray matter textural heterogeneity as a potential in-vivo biomarker of fine structural abnormalities in Asperger syndrome. The Pharmacogenomics Journal.","author":"E Radulescu","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"PhD Dissertation: \u201cHow is Sex Related to Autism?\u201d","author":"MC Lai","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1213","article-title":"Sex-specific serum biomarker patterns in adults with Asperger\u2019s syndrome. Molecular Psychiatry.","volume":"16(12)","author":"E Schwarz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dec"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"The extreme male brain revisited: gender coherence in adults with autism spectrum disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry.","author":"S Bejerot","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"801","article-title":"Gender differences in episodic memory. Memory &amp; cognition.","volume":"25(6)","author":"A Herlitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nov"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450802480101","article-title":"Sex differences on components of mental rotation at different menstrual phases.","volume":"119(1)","author":"T Kozaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"The International journal of neuroscience"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"103","article-title":"Sex differences and correlations in a virtual Morris water task, a virtual radial arm maze, and mental rotation. Behavioural brain research.","volume":"151(1\u20132)","author":"RS Astur","year":"2004","journal-title":"May 5"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"377","article-title":"Sex differences in right hemisphere tasks. Brain and cognition.","volume":"36(3)","author":"GP Crucian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Apr"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"555","article-title":"Sex differences in mental rotation and spatial rotation in a virtual environment. Neuropsychologia.","volume":"42(4)","author":"TD Parsons","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1440","article-title":"Visuospatial processing and the function of prefrontal-parietal networks in autism spectrum disorders: a functional MRI study. The American journal of psychiatry.","volume":"163(8)","author":"TJ Silk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aug"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"1000","article-title":"Abnormal functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorders during face processing. Brain.","volume":"4)","author":"NM Kleinhans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Apr;131(Pt"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"35","article-title":"The neuroevolution of empathy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.","volume":"1231","author":"J Decety","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aug"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"The relationship between systemising and mental rotation and the implications for the extreme male brain theory of autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders.","volume":"40(1)","author":"M Brosnan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jan"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"49","article-title":"On sex\/gender related similarities and differences in fMRI language research. Brain research reviews.","volume":"61(2)","author":"A Kaiser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oct"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparable fMRI activity with differential behavioural performance on mental rotation and overt verbal fluency tasks in healthy men and women. Experimental brain research Experimentelle Hirnforschung.","volume":"169(1)","author":"R Halari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Feb"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"191","article-title":"Brain activation pattern during a verbal fluency test in healthy male and female volunteers: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience letters.","volume":"352(3)","author":"EM Weiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dec 11"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"164","article-title":"Sex and performance level effects on brain activation during a verbal fluency task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior.","volume":"45(2)","author":"CT Gauthier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Feb"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1186","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of sex differences in a mental rotation task. Med Sci Monit.","volume":"6(6)","author":"T Thomsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nov-Dec"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"169","article-title":"Sex differences in brain activation pattern during a visuospatial cognitive task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in healthy volunteers. Neuroscience letters.","volume":"344(3)","author":"E Weiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jul 3"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1575","article-title":"Sex differences in visuo-spatial processing: an fMRI study of mental rotation. Neuropsychologia.","volume":"44(9)","author":"K Hugdahl","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"2397","article-title":"Women and men exhibit different cortical activation patterns during mental rotation tasks. Neuropsychologia.","volume":"40(13)","author":"K Jordan","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"327","article-title":"The Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders: algorithms for ICD-10 childhood autism and Wing and Gould autistic spectrum disorder. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.","volume":"43(3)","author":"SR Leekam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"5","article-title":"The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome\/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of autism and developmental disorders.","volume":"31(1)","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Feb"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"263","article-title":"The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in Japan: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of autism and developmental disorders.","volume":"36(2)","author":"A Wakabayashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Feb"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"911","article-title":"Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient. Psychological medicine.","volume":"34(5)","author":"EJ Lawrence","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jul"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"234","article-title":"Dementia: the estimation of premorbid intelligence levels using the New Adult Reading Test. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior.","volume":"14(2)","author":"HE Nelson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Jun"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"120","article-title":"Compensation of susceptibility-induced BOLD sensitivity losses in echo-planar fMRI imaging. NeuroImage.","volume":"15(1)","author":"R Deichmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jan"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"839","article-title":"Unified segmentation. NeuroImage.","volume":"26(3)","author":"J Ashburner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jul 1"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"196","article-title":"To smooth or not to smooth? Bias and efficiency in fMRI time-series analysis. NeuroImage.","volume":"12(2)","author":"KJ Friston","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aug"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging: modelling, inference and optimization. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.","volume":"354(1387)","author":"O Josephs","year":"1999","journal-title":"Jul 29"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1264","article-title":"Selective updating of working memory content modulates meso-cortico-striatal activity. NeuroImage.","volume":"57(3)","author":"VP Murty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aug 1"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"201","article-title":"The neuroscience of human intelligence differences. Nature reviews.","volume":"11(3)","author":"IJ Deary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"75","article-title":"Distinct prefrontal cortex activity associated with item memory and source memory for visual shapes. Brain research.","volume":"17(1)","author":"SD Slotnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jun"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neuroimaging studies of mental rotation: a meta-analysis and review. Journal of cognitive neuroscience.","volume":"20(1)","author":"JM Zacks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jan"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"439","article-title":"The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders.","volume":"29(6)","author":"PA Filipek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dec"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"e20835","article-title":"A behavioral comparison of male and female adults with high functioning autism spectrum conditions. PloS one.","volume":"6(6)","author":"MC Lai","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.11.003","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders in the DSM-V: Better or worse than the DSM-IV?","author":"L Wing","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"e1001081","article-title":"Why are autism spectrum conditions more prevalent in males? PLoS biology.","volume":"9(6)","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jun"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"321","article-title":"The visual word form area: a prelexical representation of visual words in the fusiform gyrus. Neuroreport.","volume":"13(3)","author":"S Dehaene","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar 4"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"137","article-title":"Neuroanatomy of autism. Trends in neurosciences.","volume":"31(3)","author":"DG Amaral","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"3745","article-title":"Age-related temporal and parietal cortical thinning in autism spectrum disorders. Brain.","volume":"12)","author":"GL Wallace","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dec;133(Pt"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"945","article-title":"The new neurobiology of autism: cortex, connectivity, and neuronal organization. Archives of neurology.","volume":"64(7)","author":"NJ Minshew","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jul"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Sex Differences in the Use of Delayed Semantic Context When Listening to Disrupted Speech. Archives of sexual behavior.","author":"J Liederman","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"81","article-title":"Non-significance of early speech delay in children with autism and normal intelligence and implications for DSM-IV Asperger\u2019s disorder. Autism.","volume":"5(1)","author":"SD Mayes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mar"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"189","article-title":"Generating novel ideas: fluency performance in high-functioning and learning disabled individuals with autism. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.","volume":"40(2)","author":"MA Turner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Feb"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"62","article-title":"The anatomy of language: a review of 100 fMRI studies published in 2009. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.","volume":"1191","author":"CJ Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"907","article-title":"Dissociable controlled retrieval and generalized selection mechanisms in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Neuron.","volume":"47(6)","author":"D Badre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sep 15"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Neural correlates of language comprehension in autism spectrum disorders: when language conflicts with world knowledge. Neuropsychologia.","volume":"49(5)","author":"CM Tesink","year":"2011","journal-title":"Apr"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"54","article-title":"Brain activation during semantic processing in autism spectrum disorders via functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain and cognition.","volume":"61(1)","author":"GJ Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jun"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"205","article-title":"Dissociating stimulus-driven semantic and phonological effect during reading and naming. Human brain mapping.","volume":"28(3)","author":"A Mechelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"239","article-title":"The effect of valence on young and older adults\u2019 attention in a rapid serial visual presentation task. Psychology and aging.","volume":"25(1)","author":"KR Steinmetz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"2047","article-title":"Spatial attention and memory versus motor preparation: premotor cortex involvement as revealed by fMRI. Journal of neurophysiology.","volume":"88(4)","author":"SR Simon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oct"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"345","article-title":"No neural evidence of statistical learning during exposure to artificial languages in children with autism spectrum disorders. Biological psychiatry.","volume":"68(4)","author":"AA Scott-Van Zeeland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aug 15"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr335","article-title":"Neural systems for speech and song in autism.","volume":"135","author":"G Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"565","article-title":"The interaction between mood and cognitive function studied with PET. Psychological medicine.","volume":"27(3)","author":"SC Baker","year":"1997","journal-title":"May"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"2049","article-title":"Imaging informational conflict: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of numerical stroop. Journal of cognitive neuroscience.","volume":"18(12)","author":"J Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dec"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.11.009","article-title":"Syntax production in bilinguals.","volume":"44(7)","author":"N Golestani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"e2023","article-title":"Cooperation and deception recruit different subsets of the theory-of-mind network. PloS one.","volume":"3(4)","author":"S Lissek","year":"2008","journal-title":"2008"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"155","article-title":"Developmental sex differences in basic visuospatial processing: differences in strategy use? Neuroscience letters.","volume":"449(3)","author":"AM Clements-Stephens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jan 16"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"515","article-title":"Superior parietal cortices and varieties of mental rotation. Trends in cognitive sciences.","volume":"7(12)","author":"LM Parsons","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dec"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"283","article-title":"Neurophysiological correlates of relatively enhanced local visual search in autistic adolescents. NeuroImage.","volume":"35(1)","author":"ZM Manjaly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"4082","article-title":"Enhanced visual processing contributes to matrix reasoning in autism. Human brain mapping.","volume":"30(12)","author":"I Soulieres","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dec"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"990","article-title":"Functional brain organization for visual search in ASD. J Int Neuropsychol Soc.","volume":"14(6)","author":"B Keehn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nov"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"749","article-title":"Different brain correlates for watching real and virtual hand actions. NeuroImage.","volume":"14(3)","author":"D Perani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sep"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"751","article-title":"Activity in the human brain predicting differential heart rate responses to emotional facial expressions. NeuroImage.","volume":"24(3)","author":"HD Critchley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Feb 1"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"2759","article-title":"The posterior superior temporal sulcus is involved in social communication not specific for the eyes. Neuropsychologia.","volume":"46(11)","author":"S Materna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sep"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"90","article-title":"Neuronal correlates of theory of mind and empathy: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in a nonverbal task. NeuroImage.","volume":"29(1)","author":"BA Vollm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jan 1"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0038355","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T07:04:34Z","timestamp":1540364674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0038355"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Manos","family":"Tsakiris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0038355","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]]}}}