{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:16:11Z","timestamp":1780571771459,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,12]],"date-time":"2012-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342051200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,13]],"date-time":"2012-07-13T16:37:35Z","timestamp":1342197455000},"page":"e40687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Diagnosis of Cattle Diseases Endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa: Evaluating a Low Cost Decision Support Tool in Use by Veterinary Personnel"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Eisler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Magona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crawford W.","family":"Revie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00288-7","article-title":"Cattle owners\u2019 perception of African bovine trypanosomosis and its control in Busia and Kwale Districts of Kenya.","volume":"86","author":"N Machila","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(94)90002-7","article-title":"Effects of trypanosome and helminth infections on health and production parameters of village N&apos;Dama cattle in The Gambia.","volume":"54","author":"RH Dwinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00094-5","article-title":"The interaction of <italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/italic> and <italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/italic> in Djallonk\u00e9 sheep.","volume":"27","author":"B Goossens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"130","article-title":"A Delphi survey on expert opinion on key signs for clinical diagnosis of bovine trypanosomosis, tick-borne diseases and helminthoses.","volume":"52","author":"JW Magona","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull Anim Hlth Prod Afr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006571","article-title":"A low cost decision support tool for the diagnosis of endemic bovine infectious diseases in the mixed crop-livestock production system of sub-Saharan Africa.","volume":"135","author":"MC Eisler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"16","article-title":"The description of climatic conditions in Uganda. Atlas of Uganda (6<sup>th<\/sup> Ed.).","author":"J Ford","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jis\/4.1.8","article-title":"The prevalence of serum antibodies to tick-borne infections in Mbale district, Uganda: the effect of agro-ecological zone, grazing management and age of cattle. J Insect Sci 4: 8.","author":"C Rubaire-Akiiki","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"133","article-title":"Occurrence of concurrent trypanosomosis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis and helminthosis in Friesian, Zebu and Sahiwal cattle in Uganda.","volume":"69","author":"JW Magona","year":"2002","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.05.022","article-title":"Clinical features associated with seroconversion to <italic>Anaplasma marginale<\/italic>, <italic>Babesia bigemina<\/italic> and <italic>Theileria parva<\/italic> infections in African cattle under natural tick challenge.","volume":"155","author":"JW Magona","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"692","article-title":"Sur l\u2019haemoglobinuria bacterine des boeufs.","volume":"107","author":"V Babe\u015f","year":"1888","journal-title":"Compte Rendue Academie de Science (Paris)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.42.2.231","article-title":"Studies on the etiology of heartwater. I. Observations of a rickettsia, <italic>Rickettsia ruminantium<\/italic> (n.sp.) in the tissues of infected animals.","volume":"42","author":"EV Cowdry","year":"1925","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"345","article-title":"Heartwater disease.","author":"G Uilenberg","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(60)80017-3","article-title":"Uganda zebu cattle naturally infected with <italic>Fasciola gigantica<\/italic> with special reference to changes in the serum proteins.","volume":"70","author":"BM Weinbren","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol Therap"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"9","article-title":"Bovine <italic>Fasciola<\/italic> infection survey in Uganda.","volume":"47","author":"JW Magona","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull Anim Hlth Prod Afr"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v75i4.482","article-title":"Effect of strategic deworming of village cattle in Uganda with moxidectin pour-on on faecal egg count and pasture larval counts.","volume":"75","author":"JW Magona","year":"2004","journal-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60426-1","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in cattle.","volume":"41","author":"J de Bont","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Parasit"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00179-9","article-title":"Distribution, prevalence and intensity of <italic>Schistosoma bovis<\/italic> infection in cattle in Iringa district, Tanzania.","volume":"75","author":"AE Makundi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1910.0016","article-title":"Amakebe: a disease of calves in Uganda.","volume":"82","author":"DB Bruce","year":"1910","journal-title":"P Roy Soc Lond B"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"The epidemiology of theileriosis in Africa. London, Academic Press.","author":"RAI Norval","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"729","article-title":"Pathogenesis and pathology of animal trypanosomiases.","author":"RNT-W Fiennes","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v71i3.265","article-title":"Protective efficacy of isometamidium chloride and diminazene aceturate against natural <italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/italic>, <italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/italic> and <italic>Trypanosoma vivax<\/italic> infections in cattle under a suppressed tsetse population in Uganda.","volume":"71","author":"JW Magona","year":"2004","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2006.04.015","article-title":"Effect of agro-ecological zone and grazing system on incidence of East Coast Fever in calves in Mbale and Sironko Districts of Eastern Uganda.","volume":"75","author":"C Rubaire-Akiiki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data.","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Socio-economic and livestock disease survey of agro-pastoral communities in Serere County, Soroti District, Uganda. Livestock Res Rural Dev 17: 93.","author":"M Ocaido","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Knowledge and perceptions of traditional livestock keepers on tick-borne diseases and sero-prevalence of <italic>Theileria parva<\/italic> around Lake Victoria Basin. Livestock Res Rural Dev 22: 135.","author":"SW Chenyambuga","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00059-0","article-title":"An analysis of trypanocidal drug use in the Eastern Province of Zambia.","volume":"75","author":"P Van den Bossche","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2004.02.004","article-title":"Characterisation of shops selling veterinary medicines in a tsetse-infested area of Kenya.","volume":"63","author":"B Bett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"785","article-title":"Differences in susceptibility to trypanosome infection between Nkedi Zebu and Ankole cattle, under field conditions in Uganda. Ann Trop Med Parasitol.","volume":"98","author":"JW Magona","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(03)00164-8","article-title":"Integrated control of vector-borne diseases of livestock \u2013 pyrethroids: panacea or poison?","volume":"19","author":"MC Eisler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-521X(02)00035-5","article-title":"Comparing diagnoses from expert systems and human experts.","volume":"76","author":"M Seidel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Agr Syst"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31820824cd","article-title":"Checklists to Reduce Diagnostic Errors.","volume":"86","author":"JW Ely","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad Med"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0040687","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T21:25:55Z","timestamp":1539984355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0040687"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Kaltenboeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0040687","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,12]]}}}