{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:41:15Z","timestamp":1790041275474,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]],"date-time":"2012-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354665600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,6]],"date-time":"2012-12-06T00:26:27Z","timestamp":1354753587000},"page":"e51165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Serum \u03b3-glutamyl Transferase Levels, Insulin Resistance and Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Petta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Salvatore","family":"Macaluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosa","family":"Barcellona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Camm\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Cabibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Crax\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01422.x","article-title":"Hepatitis viruses: Live and let die","volume":"27","author":"K Herzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2009.01.004","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis: the present and the future","volume":"41","author":"S Petta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210790883787","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: from a clinical to a molecular association","volume":"16","author":"S Petta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23859","article-title":"Visceral adiposity index is associated with histological findings and high viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis C due to genotype 1","volume":"52","author":"S Petta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.01.003","article-title":"Insulin resistance in HCV mono-infected and in HIV\/HCV co-infected patients: Looking to the future","volume":"50","author":"C Camm\u00e0","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01813.x","article-title":"Insulin resistance and diabetes increase fibrosis in the liver of patients with genotype 1 HCV infection","volume":"103","author":"S Petta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.05.007","article-title":"HALT-C Trial Group. Weight-related effects on disease progression in the hepatitis C antiviral long-term treatment against cirrhosis trial","volume":"137","author":"JE Everhart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02453.x","article-title":"Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance are associated with severe fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis caused by HBV or HCV infection","volume":"31","author":"S Petta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"64","article-title":"Insulin resistance is associated with steatosis in nondiabetic patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology","volume":"43","author":"C Camm\u00e0","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.6","article-title":"Insulin resistance is not associated with histologic severity in nondiabetic, noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"104","author":"SH Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belfort R, Harrison SA, Brown K, Darland C, Finch J, <etal>et al<\/etal>. (2006) A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pioglitazone in Subjects with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. NEJM 355;22997\u20132307.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060326"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907929","article-title":"Pioglitazone, Vitamin E, or Placebo for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"362","author":"AJ Sanyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/31.6.797","article-title":"Gamma-glutamyltransferase and its isoenzymes: progress and problems","volume":"31","author":"E Nemesanszky","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"263","article-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci","volume":"38","author":"transferase Whitfield JB. Gamma glutamyl","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000251993.20372.40","article-title":"Gamma glutamyl transferase and metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and mortality risk: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"27","author":"DS Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1373\/49.8.1358","article-title":"Gammaglutamyltransferase is a predictor of incident diabetes and hypertension: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study","volume":"49","author":"DH Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.081620","article-title":"Gamma glutamyltransferase and long-term survival: is it just the liver?","volume":"53","author":"L Kazemi-Shirazi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.03.035","article-title":"Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity predicts future development of metabolic syndrome defined by 2 different criteria","volume":"403","author":"SK Jo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02482.x","article-title":"Histopathological stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes: prevalences and correlated factors","volume":"31","author":"NC Leite","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1381\/096089206778663805","article-title":"Weight loss and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: falls in gamma-glutamyl transferase concentrations are associated with histologic improvement","volume":"16","author":"JB Dixon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2002.00341.x","article-title":"Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients infected by hepatitis C virus: longitudinal validation in a randomized trial","volume":"9","author":"T Poynard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"e23077","article-title":"A new model using routinely available clinical parameters to predict significant liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. PLoS One","volume":"6(8)","author":"WK Seto","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"S4","article-title":"American Diabetes Association: Clinical Practice Recommendations 2000 Committee Report","volume":"23","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"DR Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.48.81","article-title":"Clinical significance of the insulin resistance index as assessed by homeostasis model assessment","volume":"48","author":"Y Ikeda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.11.010","article-title":"Insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C: association with genotypes 1 and 4, serum HCV RNA level, and liver fibrosis","volume":"134","author":"R Moucari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"313","article-title":"Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"411","author":"DE Kleiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(91)90084-O","article-title":"Classification of chronic viral hepatitis: a need for reassessment","volume":"13","author":"PJ Scheuer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"SAS Technical Report (1992) SAS\/STAT software: changes and enhancement, Release 6.07. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23135","article-title":"Ultrasonographic hepatic steatosis increases prediction of mortality risk from elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels","volume":"50","author":"R Haring","year":"2009","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24356","article-title":"Fatty liver index (FLI) and mortality: The cremona study at the 15(th) year of follow up","volume":"54","author":"G Calori","year":"2011","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.009","article-title":"Genetic covariance between gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and fatty liver risk factors: role of beta2-adrenergic receptor genetic variation in twins","volume":"139","author":"R Loomba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr478","article-title":"Loci affecting gamma-glutamyl transferase in adults and adolescents show age \u00d7 SNP interaction and cardiometabolic disease associations","volume":"21","author":"RP Middelberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1356","article-title":"IL28B and PNPLA3 Polymorphisms Affect Histological Liver Damage in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"56","author":"S Petta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hep 2012"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23276","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"51","author":"K Promrat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0051165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T04:36:04Z","timestamp":1595046964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0051165"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sang-Hoon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0051165","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]]}}}