{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:21:42Z","timestamp":1792707702899,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]],"date-time":"2012-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355270400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]],"date-time":"2012-12-12T17:06:25Z","timestamp":1355331985000},"page":"e52132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Adhesion Is Enhanced by Exposure to the Ubiquitous Dietary Polysaccharide Maltodextrin"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kourtney P.","family":"Nickerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.055","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"140","author":"J Cosnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.046","article-title":"Recent insights into the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"140","author":"JH Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.054","article-title":"The commensal microbiota and enteropathogens in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"140","author":"B Chassaing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.073817","article-title":"Reduced diversity of faecal microbiota in Crohn's disease revealed by a metagenomic approach","volume":"55","author":"C Manichanh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e328341dc67","article-title":"Small intestine and microbiota","volume":"27","author":"PD Cotter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mib.0000235828.09305.0c","article-title":"Abnormal microbiota composition in the ileocolonic mucosa of Crohn's disease patients as revealed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis","volume":"12","author":"M Martinez-Medina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.19.12.1099","article-title":"Influence of inflammatory bowel disease on intestinal microflora","volume":"19","author":"MR Keighley","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20903","article-title":"Low counts of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in colitis microbiota","volume":"15","author":"H Sokol","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.09.47","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota in Crohn's disease","volume":"3","author":"PI Baker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4499-4509.1999","article-title":"Invasive ability of an Escherichia coli strain isolated from the ileal mucosa of a patient with Crohn's disease","volume":"67","author":"J Boudeau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70019-8","article-title":"Presence of adherent Escherichia coli strains in ileal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"115","author":"A Darfeuille-Michaud","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-316","article-title":"Comparative genomics of Escherichia coli isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"RM Vejborg","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20084","article-title":"Patchy distribution of mucosal lesions in ileal Crohn's disease is not linked to differences in the dominant mucosa-associated bacteria: a study using fluorescence in situ hybridization and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis","volume":"13","author":"N Vasquez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"61","article-title":"Mucosal flora in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis \u2013 an overview","volume":"60","author":"A Swidsinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3380-3389.2005","article-title":"Spatial organization and composition of the mucosal flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"43","author":"A Swidsinski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2540","article-title":"Unravelling the effects of the environment and host genotype on the gut microbiome","volume":"9","author":"A Spor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91297-J","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of inflammatory bowel disease in Rochester, New York. Hospital incidence","volume":"98","author":"SP Stowe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8125","DOI":"10.1021\/jf8039236","article-title":"One hundred years of commercial food carbohydrates in the United States","volume":"57","author":"JN BeMiller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20763","article-title":"Bacterial overgrowth and inflammation of small intestine after carboxymethylcellulose ingestion in genetically susceptible mice","volume":"15","author":"A Swidsinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1115","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00261.2009","article-title":"Carbohydrate maldigestion induces necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs","volume":"297","author":"T Thymann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beal J, Silverman B, Bellant J, Young TE, Klontz K (2012) Late Onset Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants following Use of a Xanthan Gum-Containing Thickening Agent. J Pediatr.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.03.054"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109983","article-title":"Review of harmful gastrointestinal effects of carrageenan in animal experiments","volume":"109","author":"JK Tobacman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.8282364x","article-title":"Effect of diet composition on postweaning colibacillosis in piglets","volume":"82","author":"L Montagne","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001416","article-title":"Increasing viscosity of the intestinal contents alters small intestinal structure and intestinal growth, and stimulates proliferation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in newly-weaned pigs","volume":"86","author":"DE McDonald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6ra14","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000322","article-title":"The effect of diet on the human gut microbiome: a metagenomic analysis in humanized gnotobiotic mice","volume":"1","author":"PJ Turnbaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198719","article-title":"Diet drives convergence in gut microbiome functions across mammalian phylogeny and within humans","volume":"332","author":"BD Muegge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208344","article-title":"Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes","volume":"334","author":"GD Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08937","article-title":"Transfer of carbohydrate-active enzymes from marine bacteria to Japanese gut microbiota","volume":"464","author":"JH Hehemann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/10408699891274327","article-title":"On the molecular characteristics, compositional properties, and structural-functional mechanisms of maltodextrins: a review","volume":"38","author":"IS Chronakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2011.04.002","article-title":"Quantification of specific E. coli in gut mucosa from Crohn's disease patients","volume":"86","author":"SR Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-1-257","article-title":"Determination of bacterial load by real-time PCR using a broad-range (universal) probe and primers set","volume":"148","author":"MA Nadkarni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.6.2950-2958.2002","article-title":"Microtiter plate assay for assessment of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation","volume":"68","author":"D Djordjevic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.7.2367-2375.1992","article-title":"Growth conditions mediate differential transcription of fim genes involved in phase variation of type 1 pili","volume":"174","author":"WR Schwan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.1.204-229.1998","article-title":"Maltose\/maltodextrin system of Escherichia coli: transport, metabolism, and regulation","volume":"62","author":"W Boos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill DR, Kessler SP, Rho HK, Cowman MK, de la Motte CA (2012) Specific-sized hylauronan fragments promote expression of human beta-defensin 2 in intestinal epithelium. Journal of Biological Chemistry.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.356238"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05638.x","article-title":"OmpC and the sigma(E) regulatory pathway are involved in adhesion and invasion of the Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli strain LF82","volume":"63","author":"N Rolhion","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7213","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.24.7213-7223.2001","article-title":"Complex regulatory network controls initial adhesion and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli via regulation of the csgD gene","volume":"183","author":"C Prigent-Combaret","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30504","article-title":"CEACAM6 acts as a receptor for adherent-invasive E. coli, supporting ileal mucosa colonization in Crohn disease","volume":"117","author":"N Barnich","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33275","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M702800200","article-title":"The flagellar sigma factor FliA regulates adhesion and invasion of Crohn disease-associated Escherichia coli via a cyclic dimeric GMP-dependent pathway","volume":"282","author":"L Claret","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20423","article-title":"Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli LF82 aggravates colitis in injured mouse colon via signaling by flagellin","volume":"14","author":"FA Carvalho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21509","article-title":"Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from gut biopsies of newly diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"S Sepehri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07199.x","article-title":"The molecular basis of glycogen breakdown and transport in Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"77","author":"DW Abbott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.30294","article-title":"Mucosal flora in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"122","author":"A Swidsinski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10213","article-title":"Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system","volume":"474","author":"AL Kau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2009","article-title":"Gut microbiota in health and disease","volume":"90","author":"I Sekirov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2010.77","article-title":"To be or not to be a pathogen: that is the mucosally relevant question","volume":"4","author":"PJ Sansonetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07540","article-title":"A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins","volume":"457","author":"PJ Turnbaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4862","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.15.4862-4876.1991","article-title":"The malX malY operon of Escherichia coli encodes a novel enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system recognizing glucose and maltose and an enzyme abolishing the endogenous induction of the maltose system","volume":"173","author":"J Reidl","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.63.3.1182-1184.1997","article-title":"Maltodextrin stimulates growth of Bacillus cereus and synthesis of diarrheal enterotoxin in infant milk formulae","volume":"63","author":"NJ Rowan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.063","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences","volume":"126","author":"EV Loftus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.5.774","article-title":"Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an ecologic assessment","volume":"79","author":"LS Gross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31804216fc","article-title":"Luminal substrate \u201cbrake\u201d on mucosal maltase-glucoamylase activity regulates total rate of starch digestion to glucose","volume":"45","author":"R Quezada-Calvillo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.1589","article-title":"Human milk oligosaccharides are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis in the upper gastrointestinal tract","volume":"71","author":"MB Engfer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00193.2009","article-title":"A role for Campylobacter jejuni-induced enteritis in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"298","author":"LD Kalischuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20860","article-title":"Molecular diversity of Escherichia coli in the human gut: new ecological evidence supporting the role of adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) in Crohn's disease","volume":"15","author":"M Martinez-Medina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-202","article-title":"Biofilm formation as a novel phenotypic feature of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC)","volume":"9","author":"M Martinez-Medina","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03468.x","article-title":"Regulatory and functional co-operation of flagella and type 1 pili in adhesive and invasive abilities of AIEC strain LF82 isolated from a patient with Crohn's disease","volume":"48","author":"N Barnich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16387","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016387","article-title":"A role for the RNA chaperone Hfq in controlling adherent-invasive Escherichia coli colonization and virulence","volume":"6","author":"KT Simonsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0052132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T23:05:58Z","timestamp":1643843158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0052132"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Emiko","family":"Mizoguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0052132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]}}}