{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:03:59Z","timestamp":1792713839372,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357171200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]],"date-time":"2013-01-04T00:57:21Z","timestamp":1357261041000},"page":"e53086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["TGF-\u00df1 Enhances the BMP-2-Induced Chondrogenesis of Bovine Synovial Explants and Arrests Downstream Differentiation at an Early Stage of Hypertrophy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nahoko","family":"Shintani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus A.","family":"Siebenrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst B.","family":"Hunziker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000151406.64393.00","article-title":"Joint injury causes knee osteoarthritis in young adults","volume":"17","author":"EM Roos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-5-200009050-00007","article-title":"Joint injury in young adults and risk for subsequent knee and hip osteoarthritis","volume":"133","author":"AC Gelber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10884","article-title":"The association of body mass index and osteoarthritis of the knee joint: an examination of genetic and environmental influences","volume":"48","author":"NJ Manek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-8422(23)00591-8","article-title":"Joint diseases associated with aging","volume":"10","author":"RD Roth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0801","article-title":"Articular cartilage repair: basic science and clinical progress. A review of the current status and prospects","volume":"10","author":"EB Hunziker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B5.21832","article-title":"Articular cartilage tissue engineering: today&apos;s research, tomorrow&apos;s practice?","volume":"91","author":"A Getgood","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090504","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"9","author":"AI Caplan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0216","article-title":"Technology Insight: adult stem cells in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering","volume":"2","author":"FH Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"381","article-title":"Osteogenesis in transplants of bone marrow cells","volume":"16","author":"AJ Friedenstein","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1928::AID-ART331>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane","volume":"44","author":"C De Bari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00018-9","article-title":"Multilineage mesenchymal differentiation potential of human trabecular bone-derived cells","volume":"20","author":"U N\u00f6th","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.6270","article-title":"Chondrogenic potential of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"290","author":"GR Erickson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4279","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E02-02-0105","article-title":"Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells","volume":"13","author":"PA Zuk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21753","article-title":"Mesenchymal multipotency of adult human periosteal cells demonstrated by single-cell lineage analysis","volume":"54","author":"C De Bari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1042\/BA20030185","article-title":"Human adult craniofacial muscle-derived cells: neural-cell adhesion-molecule (NCAM; CD56)-expressing cells appear to contain multipotential stem cells","volume":"40","author":"AC Sinanan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biotechnol Appl Biochem"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20325","article-title":"Bone and cartilage formation by skeletal muscle derived cells","volume":"204","author":"M Mastrogiacomo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20269","article-title":"Identification of mesenchymal progenitor cells in normal and osteoarthritic human articular cartilage","volume":"50","author":"S Alsalameh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.10015","article-title":"Development of synovial joints","volume":"69","author":"CW Archer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21212","article-title":"Comparison of human stem cells derived from various mesenchymal tissues: superiority of synovium as a cell source","volume":"52","author":"Y Sakaguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"642","article-title":"[Surgical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]","volume":"30","author":"G Gualtieri","year":"1978","journal-title":"Chir Ital"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01390.x","article-title":"Repair and function of synovium after arthroscopic synovectomy of the dorsal compartment of the equine antebrachiocarpal joint","volume":"25","author":"CL Theoret","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.5858\/2002-126-0727-SMASFO","article-title":"Synovial metaplasia, a specialized form of repair","volume":"126","author":"MR Fowler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.70B5.3192585","article-title":"Synovial chondromatosis","volume":"70","author":"H Maurice","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/00006416-199905000-00011","article-title":"Synovial osteochondomatosis","volume":"18","author":"E Berg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Orthop Nurs"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4666(92)90061-U","article-title":"Induction of swelling, synovial hyperplasia and cartilage proteoglycan loss upon intra-articular injection of transforming growth factor beta-2 in the rabbit","volume":"4","author":"PR Elford","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2631::AID-ANR18>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Chondroprogenitor cells of synovial tissue","volume":"42","author":"K Nishimura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22701","article-title":"Chondrogenic differentiation of bovine synovium: bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7 and transforming growth factor beta1 induce the formation of different types of cartilaginous tissue","volume":"56","author":"N Shintani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.02.006","article-title":"BMP-2 induces the expression of chondrocyte-specific genes in bovine synovium-derived progenitor cells cultured in three-dimensional alginate hydrogel","volume":"13","author":"Y Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.03.015","article-title":"Chondrogenic potential of human synovial mesenchymal stem cells in alginate","volume":"15","author":"T Kurth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v022a23","article-title":"Differential effects of dexamethasone on the chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells: Influence of microenvironment, tissue origin and growth factor","volume":"22","author":"N Shintani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Cell Mater"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769020-00002","article-title":"Quantitation of chondrocyte performance in growth-plate cartilage during longitudinal bone growth","volume":"69","author":"EB Hunziker","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017676","article-title":"Physiological mechanisms adopted by chondrocytes in regulating longitudinal bone growth in rats","volume":"414","author":"EB Hunziker","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092220302","article-title":"Quantitation of structural features characterizing weight- and less-weight-bearing regions in articular cartilage: a stereological analysis of medial femoral condyles in young adult rabbits","volume":"222","author":"PS Eggli","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0814","article-title":"Quantitative structural organization of normal adult human articular cartilage","volume":"10","author":"EB Hunziker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1988.tb00954.x","article-title":"The new stereological tools: disector, fractionator, nucleator and point sampled intercepts and their use in pathological research and diagnosis","volume":"96","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"1988","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1987.tb02837.x","article-title":"The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction","volume":"147","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00084-3","article-title":"Native and DPPA cross-linked collagen sponges seeded with fetal bovine epiphyseal chondrocytes used for cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"22","author":"S Roche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(86)90306-5","article-title":"Improved quantitation and discrimination of sulphated glycosaminoglycans by use of dimethylmethylene blue","volume":"883","author":"RW Farndale","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20345","article-title":"Expression of cartilage-related genes in bovine synovial tissue","volume":"25","author":"N Shintani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/31.6.6341460","article-title":"Ruthenium hexammine trichloride (RHT)-mediated interaction between plasmalemmal components and pericellular matrix proteoglycans is responsible for the preservation of chondrocytic plasma membranes in situ during cartilage fixation","volume":"31","author":"EB Hunziker","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Sheehan D, Hrapchak B (1980) Theory and Practice of Histotechnology. Ohio: Battelle Press. pp 226\u2013227."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)44695-3","article-title":"A short chain (pro)collagen from aged endochondral chondrocytes. Biochemical characterization","volume":"258","author":"TM Schmid","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2270545","article-title":"Type X collagen, a product of hypertrophic chondrocytes","volume":"227","author":"CM Kielty","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15852.x","article-title":"Isolation of human type X collagen and immunolocalization in fetal human cartilage","volume":"196","author":"T Kirsch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6039(86)90021-7","article-title":"Molecular and biological characterization of fibroblast growth factor, an angiogenic factor which also controls the proliferation and differentiation of mesoderm and neuroectoderm derived cells","volume":"19","author":"D Gospodarowicz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell Differ"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4456","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.10.5425","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-2 supports ex vivo expansion and maintenance of osteogenic precursors from human bone marrow","volume":"138","author":"I Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.20-1-50","article-title":"Mechanisms of muscle stem cell expansion with cytokines","volume":"20","author":"BM Deasy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(00)00160-0","article-title":"Proliferation kinetics and differentiation potential of ex vivo expanded human bone marrow stromal cells: Implications for their use in cell therapy","volume":"28","author":"A Banfi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2001.0442","article-title":"Effect of different growth factors on the chondrogenic potential of human bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"9 Suppl A","author":"M Mastrogiacomo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5777","article-title":"Retention of multilineage differentiation potential of mesenchymal cells during proliferation in response to FGF","volume":"288","author":"S Tsutsumi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20238","article-title":"FGF-2 enhances the mitotic and chondrogenic potentials of human adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"203","author":"LA Solchaga","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.02.171","article-title":"Mitogenic and chondrogenic effects of fibroblast growth factor-2 in adipose-derived mesenchymal cells","volume":"343","author":"M Chiou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0277","article-title":"Enhanced proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human synovium-derived stem cells expanded with basic fibroblast growth factor","volume":"17","author":"JH Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2003.12.021","article-title":"FGF-2 enhances TGF-beta1-induced periosteal chondrogenesis","volume":"22","author":"MM Stevens","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20977","article-title":"Reduced chondrogenic potential of adipose tissue derived stromal cells correlates with an altered TGFbeta receptor and BMP profile and is overcome by BMP-6","volume":"211","author":"T Hennig","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32761","article-title":"FGF-2 abolishes the chondrogenic effect of combined BMP-6 and TGF-beta in human adipose derived stem cells","volume":"94","author":"F Hildner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.11.1571","article-title":"The roles of FGFs in the early development of vertebrate limbs","volume":"12","author":"GR Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.990702","article-title":"FGF signaling pathways in endochondral and intramembranous bone development and human genetic disease","volume":"16","author":"DM Ornitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.4.645","article-title":"The effects of fibroblast growth factor-2 on human neonatal calvaria osteoblastic cells are differentiation stage specific","volume":"13","author":"F Debiais","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0551","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor receptors in in vitro and in vivo chondrogenesis: relating tissue engineering using adult mesenchymal stem cells to embryonic development","volume":"16","author":"CA Hellingman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20397","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.32.20397","article-title":"Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein shows high affinity zinc-dependent interaction with triple helical collagen","volume":"273","author":"K Rosenberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6083","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009512200","article-title":"Mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein causing pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia affect binding of calcium and collagen I, II, and IX","volume":"276","author":"J Thur","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6046","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009507200","article-title":"Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein interacts with type IX collagen, and disruptions to these interactions identify a pathogenetic mechanism in a bone dysplasia family","volume":"276","author":"P Holden","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31166","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M705735200","article-title":"COMP acts as a catalyst in collagen fibrillogenesis","volume":"282","author":"K Halasz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-007-1176-4","article-title":"Osteogenic protein-1 with transforming growth factor-beta1: potent inducer of chondrogenesis of synovial mesenchymal stem cells in vitro","volume":"12","author":"C Miyamoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)81363-D","article-title":"Ca2+ binding properties of type X collagen","volume":"294","author":"T Kirsch","year":"1991","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2000.0364","article-title":"Expression of type X collagen in young and old C57Bl\/6 and Balb\/c mice. Relation with articular cartilage degeneration","volume":"9","author":"PM van der Kraan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00904-3","article-title":"Site-specific immunostaining for type X collagen in noncalcified articular cartilage of canine stifle knee joint","volume":"31","author":"PE Lammi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.105.4.975","article-title":"Quantification and immunolocalisation of porcine articular and growth plate cartilage collagens","volume":"105","author":"RJ Wardale","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.102.5.1931","article-title":"On the role of type IX collagen in the extracellular matrix of cartilage: type IX collagen is localized to intersections of collagen fibrils","volume":"102","author":"W Muller-Glauser","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.11.5070","article-title":"Mice lacking alpha 1 (IX) collagen develop noninflammatory degenerative joint disease","volume":"91","author":"R F\u00e4ssler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20650","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.33.20650","article-title":"Absence of the alpha1(IX) chain leads to a functional knock-out of the entire collagen IX protein in mice","volume":"272","author":"R Hagg","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1998.0159","article-title":"Articular cartilage repair: are the intrinsic biological constraints undermining this process insuperable?","volume":"7","author":"EB Hunziker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref74","unstructured":"Stockwell RA (1979) Biology of cartilage cells; Harrison RJ, McMinn RMH, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0132","article-title":"BMP-2 enhances TGF-beta3-mediated chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in alginate bead culture","volume":"15","author":"B Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4898","article-title":"BMP-6 enhances chondrogenesis in a subpopulation of human marrow stromal cells","volume":"284","author":"I Sekiya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22412","article-title":"The role of BMP-7 in chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro","volume":"109","author":"B Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0368","article-title":"Combination of transforming growth factor-beta2 and bone morphogenetic protein 7 enhances chondrogenesis from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"15","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0466","article-title":"Effect of serum and growth factors on chondrogenic differentiation of synovium-derived stromal cells","volume":"15","author":"S Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"3040","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein 2 promotes transforming growth factor beta3-induced chondrogenesis of human osteoarthritic synovium-derived stem cells","volume":"123","author":"YF Rui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0214","article-title":"The dose of growth factors influences the synergistic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on bone morphogenetic protein 4-induced ectopic bone formation","volume":"15","author":"G Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4644(20010501)81:2<284::AID-JCB1043>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"BMP-2 induction and TGF-beta 1 modulation of rat periosteal cell chondrogenesis","volume":"81","author":"K Hanada","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9552","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.24.9552","article-title":"Terminal differentiation and calcification in rabbit chondrocyte cultures grown in centrifuge tubes: regulation by transforming growth factor beta and serum factors","volume":"85","author":"Y Kato","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1993.1200","article-title":"TGF-beta 1 prevents hypertrophy of epiphyseal chondrocytes: regulation of gene expression for cartilage matrix proteins and metalloproteases","volume":"158","author":"RT Ballock","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.1.35","article-title":"TGF-beta\/Smad3 signals repress chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation and are required for maintaining articular cartilage","volume":"153","author":"X Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0053086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T07:26:15Z","timestamp":1714807575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0053086"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0053086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]}}}