{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:34:35Z","timestamp":1789907675355,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357862400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T23:59:49Z","timestamp":1357948789000},"page":"e53794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Malaria and Fetal Growth Alterations in the 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Ultrasound Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Christentze","family":"Schmiegelow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Minja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayke","family":"Oesterholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Pehrson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah Elena","family":"Suhrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Bostr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Lemnge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Magistrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibeke","family":"Rasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitte Bruun","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lusingu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor G.","family":"Theander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00786.x","article-title":"Malaria in pregnancy: adverse effects on haemoglobin levels and birthweight in primigravidae and multigravidae","volume":"6","author":"CE Shulman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S3-S3","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions to screen and manage infections during pregnancy on reducing stillbirths: a review","volume":"11","author":"S Ishaque","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1086\/314752","article-title":"Malaria infection during pregnancy: intrauterine growth retardation and preterm delivery in Malawi","volume":"179","author":"AD Sullivan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.33","article-title":"The effect of malaria and malaria prevention in pregnancy on offspring birthweight, prematurity, and intrauterine growth retardation in rural Malawi","volume":"55","author":"RW Steketee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.603","article-title":"Gestational malaria: assessment of its consequences on fetal growth","volume":"48","author":"S Meuris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601200","article-title":"An analysis of intra-uterine growth retardation in rural Malawi","volume":"55","author":"FH Verhoeff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0103","article-title":"Influence of the timing of malaria infection during pregnancy on birth weight and on maternal anemia in Benin","volume":"85","author":"BT Huynh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2010.02.005","article-title":"Consequences of intrauterine growth and early neonatal catch-up growth","volume":"34","author":"O Claris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(11)60006-4","article-title":"Physiological adaption to maternal malaria and other adverse exposure: low birth weight, functional capacity, and possible metabolic disease in adult life","volume":"115","author":"DL Christensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.77.6.suppl.14","article-title":"Malaria in pregnancy: linking immunity and pathogenesis to prevention","volume":"77","author":"SJ Rogerson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70021-X","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"M Desai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711450889438X","article-title":"Nutritional anaemia dysregulates endocrine control of fetal growth","volume":"100","author":"S Mahajan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00545.x","article-title":"Impaired uteroplacental blood flow in pregnancies complicated by falciparum malaria","volume":"19","author":"EK Dorman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq080","article-title":"Placental malaria-associated inflammation disturbs the insulin-like growth factor axis of fetal growth regulation","volume":"203","author":"AJ Umbers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.1.0680115","article-title":"Placental monocyte infiltrates in response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"68","author":"SJ Rogerson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umbers AJ, Aitken EH, Rogerson SJ (2011) Malaria in pregnancy: small babies, big problem. Trends Parasitol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.01.007"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030446","article-title":"Hypertension and maternal-fetal conflict during placental malaria","volume":"3","author":"A Muehlenbachs","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116861","article-title":"Malaria and low birth weight in central Sudan","volume":"138","author":"TT Taha","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.01.013","article-title":"The effect of timing and frequency of Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy on the risk of low birth weight and maternal anemia","volume":"104","author":"L Kalilani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.335","article-title":"Malaria and anemia in antenatal women in Blantyre, Malawi: a twelve-month survey","volume":"62","author":"SJ Rogerson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.849","article-title":"The importance of the period of malarial infection during pregnancy on birth weight in tropical Africa","volume":"76","author":"G Cottrell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-71","article-title":"An analysis of timing and frequency of malaria infection during pregnancy in relation to the risk of low birth weight, anaemia and perinatal mortality in Burkina Faso","volume":"11","author":"I Valea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGready R, Lee S, Wiladphaingern J, Ashley E, Rijken M <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2011) Adverse effects of falciparum and vivax malaria and the safety of antimalarial treatment in early pregnancy: a population-based study. Lancet Infect Dis.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70339-5"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.6.1233","article-title":"On the importance\u2013and the unimportance\u2013of birthweight","volume":"30","author":"AJ Wilcox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2598","article-title":"Z-velocity in screening for intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"26","author":"A Mondry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"230","article-title":"Identification of fetal growth retardation: comparison of Doppler waveform indices and serial ultrasound measurements of abdominal circumference and fetal weight","volume":"82","author":"TC Chang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20552","article-title":"Use of serial ultrasound to identify periods of fetal growth restriction in relation to neonatal anthropometry","volume":"18","author":"AH Hemachandra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.13020086.x","article-title":"Fetal growth rate and adverse perinatal events","volume":"13","author":"CL de Jong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-216","article-title":"A progressive declining in the burden of malaria in north-eastern Tanzania","volume":"9","author":"BP Mmbando","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01478.x","article-title":"Factors associated with and causes of perinatal mortality in northeastern Tanzania","volume":"91","author":"C Schmiegelow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmiegelow C, Scheike T, Oesterholt M, Minja D, Pehrson C <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2012) Development of a Fetal Weight Chart Using Serial Trans-Abdominal Ultrasound in an East African Population: A Longitudinal Observational Study. PLoS ONE 7: doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0044773.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044773"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2008.02.004","article-title":"Non-placental causes of intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"32","author":"N Hendrix","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1592S","article-title":"The epidemiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes: an overview","volume":"133","author":"MS Kramer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-306","article-title":"Placental Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection: operational accuracy of HRP2 rapid diagnostic tests in a malaria endemic setting","volume":"10","author":"DJ Kyabayinze","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-211","article-title":"Reliability of rapid diagnostic tests in diagnosing pregnancy-associated malaria in north-eastern Tanzania","volume":"11","author":"DT Minja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (2010) World Malaria Report."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.182.2.1732970","article-title":"Fetal crown-rump length: reevaluation of relation to menstrual age (5\u201318 weeks) with high-resolution real-time US","volume":"182","author":"FP Hadlock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13007.x","article-title":"Charts of fetal size: 2. Head measurements","volume":"101","author":"LS Chitty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90298-4","article-title":"Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements\u2013a prospective study","volume":"151","author":"FP Hadlock","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09516.x","article-title":"Standards for ultrasound fetal growth velocity","volume":"103","author":"P Owen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-25313","article-title":"Diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction: comparison of ultrasound parameters","volume":"19","author":"WJ Ott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.10204","article-title":"Timing is everything: a reconsideration of fetal growth velocity patterns identifies the importance of individual and sex differences","volume":"15","author":"M Lampl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.11010039.x","article-title":"Fetal weight gain in a serially scanned high-risk population","volume":"11","author":"CL de Jong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.08.055","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction: new concepts in antenatal surveillance, diagnosis, and management","volume":"204","author":"F Figueras","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90312-0","article-title":"Malaria is an important cause of anaemia in primigravidae: evidence from a district hospital in coastal Kenya","volume":"90","author":"CE Shulman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31411","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031411","article-title":"Ultrasound evidence of early fetal growth restriction after maternal malaria infection","volume":"7","author":"MJ Rijken","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.173252","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction, human placental development and trophoblast cell death","volume":"587","author":"CM Scifres","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-5","article-title":"Effect of malaria on placental volume measured using three-dimensional ultrasound: a pilot study","volume":"11","author":"MJ Rijken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-319","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in the first half of pregnancy, uterine and umbilical artery blood flow, and foetal growth: a longitudinal Doppler ultrasound study","volume":"11","author":"JB Griffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035342","article-title":"Consequences of gestational malaria on birth weight: finding the best timeframe for intermittent preventive treatment administration","volume":"7","author":"BT Huynh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F161","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.054650","article-title":"Anthropometry of fetal growth in rural Malawi in relation to maternal malaria and HIV status","volume":"90","author":"BF Kalanda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805005285","article-title":"Adverse birth outcomes in a malarious area","volume":"134","author":"BF Kalanda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"Landis SH, Lokomba V, Ananth CV, Atibu J, Ryder RW <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2008) Impact of maternal malaria and under-nutrition on intrauterine growth restriction: a prospective ultrasound study in Democratic Republic of Congo. Epidemiol Infect 1\u201311."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200606000-00011","article-title":"Sonographic diagnosis of fetal growth restriction","volume":"49","author":"WJ Ott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.155","article-title":"Ultrasonographic prediction of term birth weight: how accurate is it?","volume":"188","author":"GG Nahum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000296656.81143.e6","article-title":"Estimation of birth weight by two-dimensional ultrasonography: a critical appraisal of its accuracy","volume":"111","author":"M Scioscia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2005.00311.x","article-title":"Ultrasonic estimation of fetal weight at term: an evaluation of eight formulae","volume":"31","author":"HM Mirghani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0053794","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T20:03:35Z","timestamp":1644091415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0053794"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Nosten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0053794","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]]}}}