{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:41:57Z","timestamp":1790948517259,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360713600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T17:18:00Z","timestamp":1360775880000},"page":"e55040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":207,"title":["Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as Causes of Human Infection and Colonization in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Robin","family":"K\u00f6ck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frieder","family":"Schaumburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Mellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahir","family":"K\u00f6ksal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Jurke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander W.","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1312.070384","article-title":"Emergence of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> of animal origin in humans","volume":"13","author":"I van Loo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7151","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00561-11","article-title":"Characterization of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> isolates from food and food products of poultry origin in Germany","volume":"77","author":"AT Fessler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1376","article-title":"Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (MRSA) in holdings with breeding pigs, in the EU, 2008, Part A: MRSA prevalence estimates; on request from the EuropeanCommission","volume":"7","author":"Authority European Food Safety","year":"2009","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of types of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in turkey flocks and personnel attending the animals","volume":"10","author":"A Richter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Risikobewertung (2012) Deutsche Antibiotika-Resistenzsituation in der Lebensmittelkette \u2013DARLink 2009. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.bfr.bund.de\/cm\/350\/deutsche-antibiotika-resistenzsituation-in-der-lebensmittelkette-darlink-2009.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.bfr.bund.de\/cm\/350\/deutsche-antibiotika-resistenzsituation-in-der-lebensmittelkette-darlink-2009.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2012 July 24."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6800","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006800","article-title":"Nasal colonization of humans with methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (MRSA) CC398 with and without exposure to pigs","volume":"4","author":"C Cuny","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4046","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00212-12","article-title":"Persistence of nasal colonization with livestock-associated methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in pig farmers after holidays from pig exposure","volume":"78","author":"R K\u00f6ck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01873.x","article-title":"Prevalence of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> among veterinarians: an international study","volume":"14","author":"MW Wulf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811002378","article-title":"MRSA-ST398 in livestock farmers and neighbouring residents in a rural area in Germany","volume":"140","author":"B Bisdorff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"K\u00f6ck R, Becker K, Cookson B, van Gemert-Pijnen J, Harbarth S, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2010) Methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (MRSA): burden of disease and control challenges in Europe. Euro Surveill 15."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1269-z","article-title":"Infection and colonization with methicillin resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> ST398 versus other MRSA in an area with a high density of pig farms","volume":"31","author":"MW Wulf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03260.x","article-title":"Transmissibility of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (ST398) in Dutch hospitals","volume":"17","author":"MW Wassenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Wulf MW, Markestein A, van der Linden FT, Voss A, Klaassen C, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2008) First outbreak of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> ST398 in a Dutch hospital, June 2007. Euro Surveill 13."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1086\/665726","article-title":"Outbreak of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> ST398 in a Dutch nursing home","volume":"33","author":"E Verkade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0795-4","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (MRSA) among pigs on German farms and import of livestock-related MRSA into hospitals","volume":"28","author":"R K\u00f6ck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2011.02.004","article-title":"<italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> nasal carriage, virulence traits, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and genetic lineages in healthy humans in Spain, with detection of CC398 and CC97 strains","volume":"301","author":"C Lozano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01174-12","article-title":"Population dynamics among methicillin resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in Germany during a 6-year period","volume":"50","author":"F Schaumburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"233","article-title":"Auftreten und Verbreitung von MRSA in Deutschland 2010","volume":"26","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiologisches Bulletin"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Landwirtschaftskammer Nordrhein-Westfalen (2008) Zahlen zur Landwirtschaft in Nordrhein Westfalen 2008. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.landwirtschaftskammer.de\/wir\/pdf\/zahlen-landwirtschaft-2008.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.landwirtschaftskammer.de\/wir\/pdf\/zahlen-landwirtschaft-2008.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2012 July 24."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2010.01344.x","article-title":"Methicillin-Resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (MRSA) in Three Dairy Herds in Southwest Germany","volume":"58","author":"M Spohr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.01.019","article-title":"Occurrence of MRSA in air and housing environment of pig barns","volume":"158","author":"A Friese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5198","article-title":"Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> from bulk tank milk of dairy herds","volume":"95","author":"K Kreausukon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.165.20.589","article-title":"Prevalence of MRSA types in slaughter pigs in different German abattoirs","volume":"165","author":"BA Tenhagen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.05.016","article-title":"Microarray based study on virulence-associated genes and resistance determinants of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> isolates from cattle","volume":"125","author":"S Monecke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Risikobewertung (2009) Zoonosen und Lebensmittelsicherheit - BfR-Symposium am 2. und 3. November 2009. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.bfr.bund.de\/cm\/350\/zoonosen_und_lebensmittelsicherheit.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.bfr.bund.de\/cm\/350\/zoonosen_und_lebensmittelsicherheit.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2012 July 24."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02260-10","article-title":"Virulence and resistance determinants of German Staphylococcus aureus ST398 isolates from nonhuman sources","volume":"77","author":"MA Argud\u00edn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01313.x","article-title":"Livestock Associated Methicillin-Resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (LaMRSA) Isolated from Lesions of Pigs at Necropsy in Northwest Germany Between 2004 and 2007","volume":"57","author":"D Meemken","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-98","article-title":"Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP): an algorithm to characterize the long-term evolution of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> populations based on <italic>spa<\/italic> polymorphisms","volume":"7","author":"A Mellmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.12.001","article-title":"Cross-border comparison of the admission prevalence and clonal structure of meticillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic>","volume":"71","author":"R K\u00f6ck","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1302.060924","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> ST398 in humans and animals, Central Europe","volume":"13","author":"W Witte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101043440102","article-title":"Nasal carriage as a source of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> bacteremia. Study Group","volume":"344","author":"C von Eiff","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03662.x","article-title":"Emergence of MRSA of unknown origin in the Netherlands","volume":"18","author":"WS Lekkerkerk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price LB, Stegger M, Hasman H, Aziz M, Larsen J, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2012) Staphylococcus aureus CC398: host adaptation and emergence of methicillin resistance in livestock. MBio. 21;3(1). doi:pii: e00305-11. 10.1128\/mBio.00305-11.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00305-11"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5666","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00550-12","article-title":"LA-MRSA contamination of air and soil surfaces in the vicinity of pig barns: A longitudinal study","volume":"78","author":"J Schulz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1811.111850","article-title":"Livestock Density as risk factor for livestock-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the Netherlands","volume":"18","author":"BJ Feingold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Food Safety Agency, European Medicines Agency (2009) Joint scientific report of ECDC, EFSA and EMEA on meticillin resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (MRSA) in livestock, companion animals and foods. EFSA-Q-2009-00612 (EFSA Scientific Report (2009) 301, 1\u201310) and EMEA\/CVMP\/SAGAM\/62464\/2009."},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Risikobewertung (2009) Menschen k\u00f6nnen sich \u00fcber den Kontakt mit Nutztieren mit Methicillin-resistenten <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (MRSA) infizieren. Stellungnahme Nr 014\/2009. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.bfr.bund.de\/cm\/208\/menschen_koennen_sich_ueber_den_kontakt_mit_nutztieren_mit_mrsa_infizieren.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.bfr.bund.de\/cm\/208\/menschen_koennen_sich_ueber_den_kontakt_mit_nutztieren_mit_mrsa_infizieren.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2012 July 24."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Risikobewertung (2011) Erreger von Zoonosen in Deutschland im Jahr 2009. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.bfr.bund.de\/cm\/350\/erreger_von_zoonosen_in_deutschland_im_jahr_2009.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.bfr.bund.de\/cm\/350\/erreger_von_zoonosen_in_deutschland_im_jahr_2009.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2012 July 24."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000215","article-title":"Geographic distribution of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> causing invasive infections in Europe: a molecular-epidemiological analysis","volume":"7","author":"H Grundmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2010.02151.x","article-title":"Variations in spa types found in consecutive MRSA isolates from the same patients","volume":"314","author":"K Boye","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00420-06","article-title":"Assignment of <italic>Staphylococcus<\/italic> isolates to groups by <italic>spa<\/italic> typing, SmaI macrorestriction analysis, and multilocus sequence typing","volume":"44","author":"B Strommenger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10990","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010990","article-title":"Methicillin resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> ST398 in veal calf farming: human MRSA carriage related with animal antimicrobial usage and farm hygiene","volume":"5","author":"H Graveland","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2009.05.016","article-title":"Occurrence of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in rats living on pig farms","volume":"91","author":"AW van de Giessen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01940-09","article-title":"Genetic variation among <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> strains from bovine milk and their relevance to methicillin-resistant isolates from humans","volume":"48","author":"E Hata","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.09.025","article-title":"<italic>Spa<\/italic> type distribution in <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> originating from pigs, cattle and poultry","volume":"141","author":"H Hasman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17936","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017936","article-title":"A field guide to pandemic, epidemic and sporadic clones of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic>","volume":"6","author":"S Monecke","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0055040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T19:25:23Z","timestamp":1540322723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0055040"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Herminia","family":"de Lencastre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0055040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]}}}