{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:30:07Z","timestamp":1790523007373,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]],"date-time":"2013-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360108800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]],"date-time":"2013-02-06T21:56:29Z","timestamp":1360187789000},"page":"e55798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Attachment and Invasion of Neisseria meningitidis to Host Cells Is Related to Surface Hydrophobicity, Bacterial Cell Size and Capsule"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Stephanie N.","family":"Bartley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yih-Ling","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Heel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiang W.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakeel","family":"Mowlaboccus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Seemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Hsun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine S.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John K.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene M.","family":"Kahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61016-2","article-title":"Epidemic meningitis, meningococcaemia, and <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"369","author":"DS Stephens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-6-1813","article-title":"Many carried meningococci lack the genes required for capsule synthesis and transport","volume":"148","author":"H Claus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1086\/374740","article-title":"Genetic basis for nongroupable <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"187","author":"JM Dolan-Livengood","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.061","article-title":"Meningococcal carriage and disease--population biology and evolution","volume":"27 Suppl 2","author":"DA Caugant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.04.002","article-title":"Genetics and evolution of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>: importance for the epidemiology of meningococcal disease","volume":"8","author":"DA Caugant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4494","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019751108","article-title":"<italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> is structured in clades associated with restriction modification systems that modulate homologous recombination","volume":"108","author":"S Budroni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.064","article-title":"Genome flexibility in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"27 Suppl 2","author":"C Schoen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3885","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003885","article-title":"Association of a bacteriophage with meningococcal disease in young adults","volume":"3","author":"E Bille","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-008-0105-2","article-title":"A <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> NMB1966 mutant is impaired for invasion of respiratory epithelial cells, survival in human blood and for virulence in vivo","volume":"198","author":"MS Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200729","article-title":"Posttranslational modification of pili upon cell contact triggers <italic>N. meningitidis<\/italic> dissemination","volume":"331","author":"J Chamot-Rooke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20536","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.188326","article-title":"<italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> Adhesin NadA Targets {beta}1 Integrins: FUNCTIONAL SIMILARITY TO YERSINIA INVASIN","volume":"286","author":"V Nagele","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3769","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.3769","article-title":"Roles of pilin and PilC in adhesion of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> to human epithelial and endothelial cells","volume":"91","author":"X Nassif","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01615.x","article-title":"Antigenic variation of pilin regulates adhesion of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> to human epithelial cells","volume":"8","author":"X Nassif","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-280","article-title":"The role of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapA-1) in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> adherence to human cells","volume":"10","author":"SA Tunio","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb00848.x","article-title":"Variations in the expression of pili: the effect on adherence of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> to human epithelial and endothelial cells","volume":"6","author":"M Virji","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00922.x","article-title":"Meningococcal Opa and Opc proteins: their role in colonization and invasion of human epithelial and endothelial cells","volume":"10","author":"M Virji","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.069","article-title":"Meningococcal interactions with the host","volume":"27","author":"E Carbonnelle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31489","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506354200","article-title":"Recognition of saccharides by the OpcA, OpaD, and OpaB outer membrane proteins from <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"280","author":"J Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18040741.x","article-title":"Opc- and pilus-dependent interactions of meningococci with human endothelial cells: molecular mechanisms and modulation by surface polysaccharides","volume":"18","author":"M Virji","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.8.2998-3006.1996","article-title":"Invasion of primary nasopharyngeal epithelial cells by <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> is controlled by phase variation of multiple surface antigens","volume":"64","author":"FP de Vries","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-346-2_1","article-title":"<italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>: biology, microbiology, and epidemiology","volume":"799","author":"NG Rouphael","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2010.02.009","article-title":"Requirement of NMB0065 for connecting assembly and export of sialic acid capsular polysaccharides in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"12","author":"RI Hobb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6677","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.23.6677-6684.1996","article-title":"Two glycosyltransferase genes, <italic>lgtF<\/italic> and <italic>rfaK<\/italic>, constitute the lipooligosaccharide ice (inner core extension) biosynthesis operon of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"178","author":"CM Kahler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.5.1265-1273.1996","article-title":"Inner core biosynthesis of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> serogroup B: identification and role in LOS assembly of the alpha1,2 N-acetylglucosamine transferase (RfaK)","volume":"178","author":"CM Kahler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwi018","article-title":"Inner core assembly and structure of the lipooligosaccharide of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>: capacity of strain NMB to express all known immunotype epitopes","volume":"15","author":"CM Kahler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19939","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M601308200","article-title":"<italic>O<\/italic>-Acetylation of the terminal <italic>N<\/italic>-acetylglucosamine of the lipooligosaccharide inner core in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>. Influence on inner core structure and assembly","volume":"281","author":"CM Kahler","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5939","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.12.5939-5947.1998","article-title":"The (alpha2--&gt;8)-linked polysialic acid capsule and lipooligosaccharide structure both contribute to the ability of serogroup B <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> to resist the bactericidal activity of normal human serum","volume":"66","author":"CM Kahler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4052","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.14.4052-4059.1996","article-title":"Expression of sialic acid and polysialic acid in serogroup B <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>: divergent transcription of biosynthesis and transport operons through a common promoter region","volume":"178","author":"JS Swartley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35053","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401433200","article-title":"The MisR\/MisS two-component regulatory system influences inner core structure and immunotype of lipooligosaccharide in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"279","author":"YL Tzeng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24103","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200931200","article-title":"KpsF is the arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase required for 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthesis and for both lipooligosaccharide assembly and capsular polysaccharide expression in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"277","author":"YL Tzeng","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.3.1491-1505.2005","article-title":"Translocation and surface expression of lipidated serogroup B capsular Polysaccharide in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"73","author":"YL Tzeng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2502-2511.2001","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of divergent capsule biosynthesis and transport operon promoters in serogroup B <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"69","author":"YL Tzeng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.8.3210-3217.1996","article-title":"The (alpha2--&gt;8)-linked polysialic acid capsule of group B <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> modifies multiple steps during interaction with human macrophages","volume":"64","author":"RC Read","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3597","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3597-3604.2001","article-title":"Polymorphisms in pilin glycosylation Locus of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> expressing class II pili","volume":"69","author":"CM Kahler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.12.001","article-title":"Biofilm formation on human airway epithelia by encapsulated <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> serogroup B","volume":"11","author":"RB Neil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02408.x","article-title":"Mismatch repair and the regulation of phase variation in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"40","author":"AR Richardson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"133","article-title":"Interactions between encapsulated <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> and host cells","volume":"2","author":"X Nassif","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Microbiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(96)00802-5","article-title":"Type-4 pili and meningococcal adhesiveness","volume":"192","author":"X Nassif","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00807.x","article-title":"The role of pili in the interactions of pathogenic Neisseria with cultured human endothelial cells","volume":"5","author":"M Virji","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01458.x","article-title":"Expression of the Opc protein correlates with invasion of epithelial and endothelial cells by <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"6","author":"M Virji","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00972.x","article-title":"Pilus-facilitated adherence of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> to human epithelial and endothelial cells: modulation of adherence phenotype occurs concurrently with changes in primary amino acid sequence and the glycosylation status of pilin","volume":"10","author":"M Virji","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2454-2462.2002","article-title":"Lipooligosaccharide and polysaccharide capsule: virulence factors of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> that determine meningococcal interaction with human dendritic cells","volume":"70","author":"A Unkmeir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00763.x","article-title":"<italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> producing the Opc adhesin binds epithelial cell proteoglycan receptors","volume":"27","author":"FP de Vries","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00347.x","article-title":"Modulation of cell surface sialic acid expression in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> via a transposable genetic element","volume":"15","author":"S Hammerschmidt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/11.8.703","article-title":"The structure of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from the alpha-1,2-<italic>N<\/italic>-acetyl glucosamine transferase (<italic>rfaK<\/italic><sub>(NMB<\/sub>)) mutant strain CMK1 of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>: implications for LOS inner core assembly and LOS-based vaccines","volume":"11","author":"MM Rahman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3822","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00280-10","article-title":"Frequency and rate of pilin antigenic variation of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"192","author":"RA Helm","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.04.065","article-title":"Sequence conservation of pilus subunits in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"28","author":"A Cehovin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2097","article-title":"Pathogenic neisseriae: surface modulation, pathogenesis and infection control","volume":"7","author":"M Virji","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.09.009","article-title":"Minimization of bacterial size allows for complement evasion and is overcome by the agglutinating effect of antibody","volume":"10","author":"AB Dalia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1224503","article-title":"OrthoMCL: identification of ortholog groups for eukaryotic genomes","volume":"13","author":"L Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.1360-1367.2006","article-title":"Lipooligosaccharide structure contributes to multiple steps in the virulence of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"74","author":"L Plant","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.4.1.71-81.1976","article-title":"Genetic Transformation as a tool for detection of <italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/italic>","volume":"4","author":"A Janik","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(01)00364-5","article-title":"A one-step method for genetic transformation of non-piliated <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"49","author":"JA Bogdan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.7.2172","article-title":"One-step preparation of competent <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic>: transformation and storage of bacterial cells in the same solution","volume":"86","author":"CT Chung","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4097","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.11.4097-4102.1991","article-title":"Insertion of <italic>Tn<\/italic>916 in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> resulting in loss of group B capsular polysaccharide","volume":"59","author":"DS Stephens","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"2761","article-title":"Antigenic cross-reactivity of Neisseria pili: investigations with type- and species-specific monoclonal antibodies","volume":"129","author":"M Virji","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.40.1.257-264.1983","article-title":"Importance of complement source in bactericidal activity of human antibody and murine monoclonal antibody to meningococcal group B polysaccharide","volume":"40","author":"WD Zollinger","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.34.3.751-756.1981","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody analysis of lipopolysaccharide from <italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/italic> and <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"34","author":"MA Apicella","year":"1981","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00342.x","article-title":"Differential in vitro infectious abilities of two common Japan-specific sequence-type (ST) clones of disease-associated ST-2032 and carrier-associated ST-2046 <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> strains in human endothelial and epithelial cell lines","volume":"52","author":"H Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C<sub>(T)<\/sub>) Method","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01007-07","article-title":"MisR\/MisS two-component regulon in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"76","author":"YL Tzeng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"411","article-title":"Flow cytometry for rapid assessment of viability after exposure to a quaternary ammonium compound","volume":"81","author":"S Langsrud","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Appl Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.63.6.2421-2431.1997","article-title":"Bacterial viability and antibiotic susceptibility testing with SYTOX green nucleic acid stain","volume":"63","author":"BL Roth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20609","article-title":"Optimization of yeast cell cycle analysis and morphological characterization by multispectral imaging flow cytometry","volume":"73","author":"ME Calvert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytometry A"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(97)00093-1","article-title":"The structure of the capsular polysaccharide from a swarming strain of pathogenic <italic>Proteus vulgaris<\/italic>","volume":"301","author":"MM Rahman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01717.x","article-title":"Genetic and biochemical evidence of a <italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/italic> capsular polysaccharide that accounts for Penner serotype specificity","volume":"35","author":"AV Karlyshev","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2006.04.015","article-title":"Diversity of the surface properties of Lactococci and consequences on adhesion to food components","volume":"52","author":"MH Ly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref68","unstructured":"Koch AL (1994) Growth Measurement; Gerhardt P, editor. Washington, D.C.: American Society of Microbiology. 248\u2013277 p."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.168.3.1466-1467.1986","article-title":"Determination of bacterial cell volume with the Coulter Counter","volume":"168","author":"HE Kubitschek","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"529","article-title":"Optical microflow cytometer for particle counting, sizing and fluorescence detection Microfluidics and Nanofluidics","volume":"6","author":"H-T Chen","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01586.x","article-title":"<italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/italic> pilin glycan contributes to CR3 activation during challenge of primary cervical epithelial cells","volume":"13","author":"MP Jennings","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.5.1669","article-title":"Molecular characterization and expression in <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> of the gene complex encoding the polysaccharide capsule of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> group B","volume":"86","author":"M Frosch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07546.x","article-title":"Characterization of DsbD in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"79","author":"P Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52486-3","article-title":"Lipid on capsular polysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria","volume":"256","author":"EC Gotschlich","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(03)00160-0","article-title":"Attachment of <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> O157:H7 grown in tryptic soy broth and nutrient broth to apple and lettuce surfaces as related to cell hydrophobicity, surface charge, and capsule production","volume":"96","author":"AN Hassan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1139\/w11-131","article-title":"Cell surface properties of two differently virulent strains of <italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/italic> isolated from a patient","volume":"58","author":"M Kempf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2010.02086.x","article-title":"Cell surface characteristics of nontypeable isolates of <italic>Streptococcus suis<\/italic>","volume":"311","author":"L Bonifait","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"ref78","unstructured":"Rosenberg M, Doyle RJ (1990) Microbial Cell Surface Hydrophobicity: History, Measurement, and Significiance. In: Rosenberg RJDaM, editor. Microbial Cell Surface Hydrophobicity. Washington: American Society of Microbiology pp. 1\u201337."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb02211.x","article-title":"Interaction of two variable proteins (PilE and PilC) required for pilus-mediated adherence of <italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/italic> to human epithelial cells","volume":"6","author":"T Rudel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.41.1.106-113.1983","article-title":"Differences in the adhesive properties of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> for human buccal epithelial cells and erythrocytes","volume":"41","author":"TJ Trust","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03602.x","article-title":"Genetic characterization of pilin glycosylation and phase variation in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"49","author":"PM Power","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14783","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705335104","article-title":"Alternative <italic>Neisseria spp<\/italic>. type IV pilin glycosylation with a glyceramido acetamido trideoxyhexose residue","volume":"104","author":"J Chamot-Rooke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17061201.x","article-title":"Meningococcal pilin: a glycoprotein substituted with digalactosyl 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxyhexose","volume":"17","author":"E Stimson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00706.x","article-title":"Consequences of the loss of O-linked glycosylation of meningococcal type IV pilin on piliation and pilus-mediated adhesion","volume":"27","author":"M Marceau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6834","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006834","article-title":"<italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> differentially controls host cell motility through PilC1 and PilC2 components of type IV Pili","volume":"4","author":"PC Morand","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.47.2.522-526.1985","article-title":"High surface hydrophobicity of autoaggregating <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> strains isolated from human infections studied with the salt aggregation test","volume":"47","author":"A Ljungh","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4166","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004166","article-title":"Relationship between expression of the family of M proteins and lipoteichoic acid to hydrophobicity and biofilm formation in <italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/italic>","volume":"4","author":"HS Courtney","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.6.1339","article-title":"Influence of curli expression by Escherichia coli 0157:H7 on the cell&apos;s overall hydrophobicity, charge, and ability to attach to lettuce","volume":"70","author":"RR Boyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.04.016","article-title":"Role of O-antigen on the <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> O157:H7 cells hydrophobicity, charge and ability to attach to lettuce","volume":"147","author":"RR Boyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.043","article-title":"A metabolic sensor governing cell size in bacteria","volume":"130","author":"RB Weart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002549","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002549","article-title":"Cell size and the initiation of DNA replication in bacteria","volume":"8","author":"NS Hill","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-140-10-2867","article-title":"A numerical phenotypic taxonomic study of the genus <italic>Neisseria<\/italic>","volume":"10)","author":"SJ Barrett","year":"1994","journal-title":"Microbiology 140 (Pt"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18441","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018441","article-title":"Virulence evolution of the human pathogen <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> by recombination in the core and accessory genome","volume":"6","author":"B Joseph","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15082","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712019105","article-title":"Role of selection in the emergence of lineages and the evolution of virulence in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"105","author":"CO Buckee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"2483","article-title":"Variation in the expression of pili and outer membrane protein by <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> during the course of meningococcal infection","volume":"132","author":"CR Tinsley","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(96)00103-5","article-title":"Plasmids with erythromycin resistance and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase- or beta-galactosidase-encoding gene cassettes for use in <italic>Neisseria spp<\/italic>","volume":"171","author":"D Zhou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(84)90059-3","article-title":"In vitro insertional mutagenesis with a selectable DNA fragment","volume":"29","author":"P Prentki","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(87)90365-9","article-title":"High-copy-number and low-copy-number plasmid vectors for <italic>lacZ<\/italic> alpha-complementation and chloramphenicol- or kanamycin-resistance selection","volume":"61","author":"S Takeshita","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5899","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.18.5899-5906.1993","article-title":"Nonpolar mutagenesis of the ipa genes defines IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD as effectors of <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> entry into epithelial cells","volume":"175","author":"R Menard","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/10408419891294216","article-title":"Genetic basis for biosynthesis, structure, and function of meningococcal lipooligosaccharide (endotoxin)","volume":"24","author":"CM Kahler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10872","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.18.10872","article-title":"Identification of the gene (<italic>lgtG<\/italic>) encoding the lipooligosaccharide beta chain synthesizing glucosyl transferase from <italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/italic>","volume":"95","author":"A Banerjee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00293-06","article-title":"Opacity-associated adhesin repertoire in hyperinvasive <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"74","author":"MJ Callaghan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9643","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103321108","article-title":"Genetic and molecular analyses reveal an evolutionary trajectory for glycan synthesis in a bacterial protein glycosylation system","volume":"108","author":"B Borud","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.01.002","article-title":"Analysis of the role of <italic>pglI<\/italic> in pilin glycosylation of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"41","author":"MJ Warren","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00765-07","article-title":"Genetic and functional analyses of PptA, a phospho-form transferase targeting type IV pili in <italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/italic>","volume":"190","author":"CL Naessan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02641.x","article-title":"Capsule phase variation in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> serogroup B by slipped-strand mispairing in the polysialyltransferase gene (<italic>siaD<\/italic>): correlation with bacterial invasion and the outbreak of meningococcal disease","volume":"20","author":"S Hammerschmidt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03420.x","article-title":"<italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> App, a new adhesin with autocatalytic serine protease activity","volume":"48","author":"D Serruto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.5.2957-2964.2006","article-title":"Characterization of MspA, an immunogenic autotransporter protein that mediates adhesion to epithelial and endothelial cells in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"74","author":"DP Turner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.7.4217-4223.2004","article-title":"NadA diversity and carriage in <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic>","volume":"72","author":"M Comanducci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00478-08","article-title":"Meningococcal outer membrane protein NhhA is essential for colonization and disease by preventing phagocytosis and complement attack","volume":"76","author":"H Sjolinder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5459.1809","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/italic> serogroup B strain MC58","volume":"287","author":"H Tettelin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030023","article-title":"Meningococcal genetic variation mechanisms viewed through comparative analysis of serogroup C strain FAM18","volume":"3","author":"SD Bentley","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0055798","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T22:50:46Z","timestamp":1644274246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0055798"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rudel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0055798","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]]}}}