{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:15:40Z","timestamp":1790054140893,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]],"date-time":"2013-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361145600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T03:50:46Z","timestamp":1361245846000},"page":"e56556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Neurological Basis for Eye Movements of the Blind"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rosalyn M.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Thurtell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Eisele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah","family":"Lincoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Bala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. John","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(62)90064-0","article-title":"The evolutionary history of eye movements","volume":"2","author":"GL Walls","year":"1962","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Leigh RJ, Zee DS (2006) The Neurology of Eye Movements (Text and DVD). Oxford University Press: New York."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1348","article-title":"The role of fixational eye movements in visual perception","volume":"5","author":"S Martinez-Conde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9194","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0515-12.2012","article-title":"Microsaccadic efficacy and contribution to foveal and peripheral vision","volume":"32","author":"MB McCamy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Carpenter RHS (1991) The visual origins of ocular motility. In: Carpenter RHS (ed). Vol 8. Eye Movements. MacMillan Press: London. 1\u201310."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.196287","article-title":"Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex for forward-eyed foveate vision","volume":"588","author":"AA Migliaccio","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"413","article-title":"Editorial: How the oculomotor system repairs itself","volume":"14","author":"DA Robinson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9011","article-title":"Conjugate adaptation of smooth pursuit during monocular viewing in strabismic monkeys with exotropia","volume":"53","author":"S Ono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"9","article-title":"Saccade and vestibular ocular motor adaptation","volume":"28","author":"MC Schubert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3312","article-title":"Distributed synergistic plasticity and cerebellar learning","volume":"13","author":"Z Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1973.36.4.724","article-title":"Role of abducens neurons in vestibuloocular reflex","volume":"36","author":"AA Skavenski","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02454142","article-title":"The oculomotor integrator: testing of a neural network model","volume":"113","author":"DB Arnold","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050359","article-title":"Deficits in vertical and torsional eye movements after uni- and bilateral muscimol inactivation of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal of the alert monkey","volume":"119","author":"C Helmchen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9902","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2061-05.2005","article-title":"Cooperative glutamatergic and cholinergic mechanisms generate short-term modifications of synaptic effectiveness in prepositus hypoglossi neurons","volume":"25","author":"JD Navarro-Lopez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00123.2003","article-title":"Discharge dynamics of oculomotor neural integrator neurons during conjugate and disjunctive saccades and fixation","volume":"90","author":"PA Sylvestre","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"328","article-title":"Eye movements of the blind","volume":"19","author":"RJ Leigh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"1154","article-title":"Vestibulo-ocular reflexes of adventitiously and congenitally blind adults","volume":"27","author":"KR Sherman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314291","article-title":"Eye movements and vestibulo-ocular reflex in the blind","volume":"234","author":"D Kompf","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"288","article-title":"Effect of monocular visual loss upon stability of gaze","volume":"30","author":"RJ Leigh","year":"1989","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200010000-00005","article-title":"Childhood visual experience affects adult voluntary ocular motor control","volume":"77","author":"EC Hall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-012-0392-7","article-title":"Effect of tongue stimulation on nystagmus eye movements in blind patients","volume":"217","author":"A Nau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"99","article-title":"Einseitiger Nystagmus","volume":"49","author":"E Heimann","year":"1902","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01853623","article-title":"Die einseitigen und gegensinnigen (\u201cdissoziierten\u201d) Vertikal-bewegungen der Augen","volume":"125","author":"A Bielschowsky","year":"1931","journal-title":"Albrecht von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(79)35489-6","article-title":"Uniocular nystagmus in monocular visual loss","volume":"86","author":"RD Yee","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"85","article-title":"Monocular vertical oscillations of amblyopia. The Heimann-Bielschowsky phenomenon","volume":"2","author":"JL Smith","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1998.tb01318.x","article-title":"The Heimann-Bielscholwsky phenomenon: dissociated vertical nystagmus","volume":"26","author":"K Davey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.135624","article-title":"Emergence of diplopia and oscillopsia due to Heimann-Bielschowsky phenomenon after cataract surgery","volume":"92","author":"SH Jeong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"373","article-title":"Unilateral vertical nystagmus: the Heimann-Bielschowsky phenomenon","volume":"92","author":"T Surachatkumtonekul","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00190713","article-title":"Head and eye movements in children with low vision","volume":"234","author":"I Gottlob","year":"1996","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6059","article-title":"Fixation stability during binocular viewing in patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"52","author":"L Tarita-Nistor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"137","article-title":"A method of measuring eye movement using a scleral search coil in a magnetic field","volume":"10","author":"DA Robinson","year":"1963","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(87)90078-2","article-title":"Human gaze stability in the horizontal, vertical and torsional direction during voluntary head movements, evaluated with a three-dimensional scleral induction coil technique","volume":"27","author":"L Ferman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1181-z","article-title":"Vestibulo-ocular responses to vertical translation in normal human subjects","volume":"185","author":"K Liao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017285","article-title":"Binocular co-ordination of human vertical saccadic eye movements","volume":"404","author":"H Collewijn","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2343316","article-title":"A structural basis for Hering\u2019s law: projections to extraocular motoneurons","volume":"248","author":"AK Moschovakis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.2.203","article-title":"Structure of the primate oculomotor burst generator. I. Medium-lead burst neurons with upward on-directions","volume":"65","author":"AK Moschovakis","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.2.218","article-title":"Structure of the primate oculomotor burst generator. II. Medium-lead burst neurons with downward on-directions","volume":"65","author":"AK Moschovakis","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4379","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2600-10.2011","article-title":"Distinctive features of saccadic intrusions and microsaccades in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"31","author":"J Otero-Millan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1681","article-title":"Conjugate ocular oscillations during shifts of the direction and depth of visual fixation","volume":"40","author":"S Ramat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7101(91)90013-5","article-title":"Off-line computing of slow-phase eye velocity profiles evoked by velocity steps or caloric stimulation","volume":"29","author":"D Straumann","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Comput"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5386","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9941","article-title":"Eye position stability in amblyopia and in normal binocular vision","volume":"53","author":"EG Gonzalez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4102.810","article-title":"Miniature eye movement","volume":"181","author":"RM Steinman","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(84)90377-5","article-title":"Graphic analysis of paralytic strabismus with the Lancaster red-green test","volume":"97","author":"DS Zee","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00125-J","article-title":"Control of vertical eye alignment in three-dimensional space","volume":"35","author":"J Ygge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00387-5","article-title":"Disorders of vertical optokinetic nystagmus in patients with ocular misalignment","volume":"43","author":"S Garbutt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E788","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181ae00a5","article-title":"Neuromuscular plasticity and rehabilitation of the ocular near response","volume":"86","author":"CM Schor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90961-5","article-title":"The effect of cerebellectomy on the cat\u2019s vestibulo-ocular integrator","volume":"71","author":"DA Robinson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.08.022","article-title":"Oral gabapentin treatment for symptomatic Heimann-Bielschowsky phenomenon","volume":"141","author":"W Rahman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000367","article-title":"Experimental tests of a neural-network model for ocular oscillations caused by disease of central myelin","volume":"133","author":"VE Das","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802315","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of gene transfer for Leber\u2019s congenital amaurosis","volume":"358","author":"AM Maguire","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0056556","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T09:15:48Z","timestamp":1589015748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0056556"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Susana","family":"Martinez-Conde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0056556","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]]}}}