{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:43:37Z","timestamp":1791020617585,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]],"date-time":"2013-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364428800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]],"date-time":"2013-03-28T21:14:36Z","timestamp":1364505276000},"page":"e59950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Valproic Acid Inhibits the Release of Soluble CD40L Induced by Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Donna C.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Schifitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay B.","family":"Maggirwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22053","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorders: Mind the gap","volume":"67","author":"JC McArthur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256266","article-title":"NeuroAIDS: characteristics and diagnosis of the neurological complications of AIDS","volume":"12","author":"A Minagar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boisse L, Gill MJ, Power C (2008) HIV infection of the central nervous system: clinical features and neuropathogenesis. Neurol Clin 26: 799\u2013819, x.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.04.002"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260701862086","article-title":"Neurobiology of HIV","volume":"20","author":"B Hult","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260701861930","article-title":"Evolution of HIV dementia with HIV infection","volume":"20","author":"A Nath","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/35073667","article-title":"Pathways to neuronal injury and apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia","volume":"410","author":"M Kaul","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.3226","article-title":"Functional synergy between CD40 ligand and HIV-1 Tat contributes to inflammation: implications in HIV type 1 dementia","volume":"178","author":"Z Sui","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51793","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051793","article-title":"Excess Soluble CD40L Contributes to Blood Brain Barrier Permeability In Vivo: Implications for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders","volume":"7","author":"DC Davidson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000028962.04520.01","article-title":"Platelet-derived CD40L: the switch-hitting player of cardiovascular disease","volume":"106","author":"P Andre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.9.1264","article-title":"Platelet decline: an avenue for investigation into the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus -associated dementia","volume":"64","author":"LM Wachtman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-011-0053-2","article-title":"Platelet decline as a predictor of brain injury in HIV infection","volume":"17","author":"AB Ragin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64875-4","article-title":"CD40\u2013CD40L interactions induce chemokine expression by human microglia: implications for human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis and multiple sclerosis","volume":"160","author":"TG D'Aversa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9454","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5796-09.2010","article-title":"Dyad of CD40\/CD40 ligand fosters neuroinflammation at the blood-brain barrier and is regulated via JNK signaling: implications for HIV-1 encephalitis","volume":"30","author":"SH Ramirez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"558","article-title":"Levels of soluble CD40 ligand (CD154) in serum are increased in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients and correlate with CD4(+) T-cell counts","volume":"9","author":"NV Sipsas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2006.19.363","article-title":"Increased CD154 expression in uninfected infants born to HIV-positive mothers exposed to antiretroviral prophylaxis","volume":"19","author":"MF Romano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c8f4c9","article-title":"Increased levels of platelet microparticles in HIV-infected patients with good response to highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"54","author":"VF Corrales-Medina","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201202500127","article-title":"Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on platelet activating factor metabolism in naive HIV-infected patients: ii) study of the abacavir\/lamivudine\/efavirenz HAART regimen","volume":"25","author":"M Chini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834d3cc3","article-title":"Abacavir increases platelet reactivity via competitive inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase","volume":"25","author":"PD Baum","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir509","article-title":"Increased platelet reactivity in HIV-1-infected patients receiving abacavir-containing antiretroviral therapy","volume":"204","author":"CS Satchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001911","article-title":"Antiplatelet activity of valproic acid contributes to decreased soluble CD40 ligand production in HIV type 1-infected individuals","volume":"186","author":"DC Davidson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9162","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-27-09162.2003","article-title":"Neuroprotective activities of sodium valproate in a murine model of human immunodeficiency virus-1 encephalitis","volume":"23","author":"H Dou","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000204294.28189.03","article-title":"Valproic acid adjunctive therapy for HIV-associated cognitive impairment: a first report","volume":"66","author":"G Schifitto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11383","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011383","article-title":"Valproate administered after traumatic brain injury provides neuroprotection and improves cognitive function in rats","volume":"5","author":"PK Dash","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4328","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4328-4331.2004","article-title":"Effects of valproic acid coadministration on plasma efavirenz and lopinavir concentrations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults","volume":"48","author":"R DiCenzo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4051","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-158535","article-title":"15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 enhances platelet production from megakaryocytes","volume":"112","author":"JJ O'Brien","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101050-00011","article-title":"Efavirenz plasma levels can predict treatment failure and central nervous system side effects in HIV-1-infected patients","volume":"15","author":"C Marzolini","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-233932","article-title":"Platelet JNK1 is involved in secretion and thrombus formation","volume":"115","author":"F Adam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.216143","article-title":"Enhanced levels of soluble CD40 ligand exacerbate platelet aggregation and thrombus formation through a CD40-dependent tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-2\/Rac1\/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway","volume":"30","author":"D Yacoub","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318200d727","article-title":"HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER Study","volume":"75","author":"RK Heaton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.1999.00167.x","article-title":"Neuronal apoptosis does not correlate with dementia in HIV infection but is related to microglial activation and axonal damage","volume":"25","author":"H Adle-Biassette","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328329cf3c","article-title":"HIV-1 associated dementia: update on pathological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches","volume":"22","author":"M Kaul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1086\/520301","article-title":"The level of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker of HIV encephalitis","volume":"26","author":"P Bossi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380510","article-title":"Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: correlations with dementia","volume":"38","author":"JD Glass","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1086\/338572","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy reduces markers of endothelial and coagulation activation in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"185","author":"K Wolf","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/09537100020031207","article-title":"Platelet CD40 ligand (CD40L)\u2013subcellular localization, regulation of expression, and inhibition by clopidogrel","volume":"12","author":"A Hermann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.4.491","article-title":"Soluble P-selectin and the risk of future cardiovascular events","volume":"103","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2209","article-title":"Platelet P-selectin facilitates atherosclerotic lesion development","volume":"101","author":"PC Burger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.11.3800","article-title":"Regulation of c-jun-NH2 terminal kinase and extracellular-signal regulated kinase in human platelets","volume":"94","author":"F Bugaud","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03169.x","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinases in hemostasis and thrombosis","volume":"6","author":"F Adam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-09-111518","article-title":"GSK3beta is a negative regulator of platelet function and thrombosis","volume":"111","author":"D Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)01015-9","article-title":"Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in human platelets: a possible role in platelet function?","volume":"553","author":"FA Barry","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-3040","article-title":"Relative contribution of G-protein-coupled pathways to protease-activated receptor-mediated Akt phosphorylation in platelets","volume":"107","author":"S Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01572.x","article-title":"Activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) by platelet activating factor mediates migration and cell death in cerebellar granule neurons","volume":"13","author":"N Tong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280600981695","article-title":"Valproic acid does not affect markers of human immunodeficiency virus disease progression","volume":"12","author":"BM Ances","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9390","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009390","article-title":"Antiretroviral intensification and valproic acid lack sustained effect on residual HIV-1 viremia or resting CD4+ cell infection","volume":"5","author":"NM Archin","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67098-5","article-title":"Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"366","author":"G Lehrman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.06.018","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta inhibition prevents monocyte migration across brain endothelial cells via Rac1-GTPase suppression and down-regulation of active integrin conformation","volume":"181","author":"S Rom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0059950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T03:38:10Z","timestamp":1715139490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0059950"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Men\u00e9ndez-Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0059950","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]]}}}