{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:11:47Z","timestamp":1761059507472},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,5]],"date-time":"2013-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365120000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,5]],"date-time":"2013-04-05T21:11:43Z","timestamp":1365196303000},"page":"e60622","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Case-Control Study on the Role of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis as a Cause of Diarrhea among Children in Kolkata, India"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dharanidharan","family":"Ramamurthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gururaja P.","family":"Pazhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anirban","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranjan K.","family":"Nandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishnan","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dipika","family":"Sur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bamkesh","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thandavarayan","family":"Ramamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2005.06.005","article-title":"Characterization of the <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> pathogenicity island in human blood culture isolates","volume":"12","author":"MC Claros","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1526","article-title":"Immune responses to commensal and environmental microbes","volume":"8","author":"EG Pamer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31815ce599","article-title":"Molecular studies of fecal anaerobic commensal bacteria in acute diarrhea in children","volume":"46","author":"R Balamurugan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"701","article-title":"<italic>Bacteroides<\/italic> in clinical infections","volume":"71","author":"MK Lalitha","year":"1980","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833dfca5","article-title":"Travelers&apos; diarrhea","volume":"23","author":"DR Hill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01709-09","article-title":"Microbial etiology of travelers&apos; diarrhea in Mexico, Guatemala, and India: importance of enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> and <italic>Arcobacter<\/italic> species","volume":"48","author":"ZD Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jounral of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.4.960-963.1994","article-title":"Isolation of enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> from Bangladeshi children with diarrhea: a controlled study","volume":"32","author":"RB Sack","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.01.026","article-title":"Prevalence of enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> in hospital-acquired diarrhea","volume":"55","author":"SH Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb08892.x","article-title":"A new subtype of the metalloprotease toxin gene and the incidence of the three <italic>bft<\/italic> subtypes among <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> isolates in Japan","volume":"182","author":"N Kato","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00053-08","article-title":"Enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic>: a rogue among symbiotes","volume":"22","author":"CL Sears","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833da1eb","article-title":"<italic>Bacteroides<\/italic> spp. and diarrhea","volume":"23","author":"EC Wick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"167","article-title":"Association of enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> with childhood diarrhoea","volume":"105","author":"SK Niyogi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S294","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis754","article-title":"Diagnostic Microbiologic Methods in the GEMS-1 Case\/Control Study","volume":"4","author":"S Panchalingam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5445","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.11.5445-5451.2002","article-title":"Development of 16S rRNA-gene-targeted group-specific primers for the detection and identification of predominant bacteria in human feces","volume":"68","author":"T Matsuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Applied Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1086\/591130","article-title":"Association of enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> infection with inflammatory diarrhea","volume":"47","author":"CL Sears","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4945","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4945-4949.1999","article-title":"Identification of a third metalloprotease toxin gene in extraintestinal isolates of <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic>","volume":"67","author":"GT Chung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"CLSI (2009) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria; informational supplement M11\u2013S1."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05397-11","article-title":"First comprehensive evaluation of the M.I.C. evaluator device compared to Etest and CLSI reference dilution methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical strains of anaerobes and other fastidious bacterial species","volume":"50","author":"RP Rennie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(95)00049-G","article-title":"Evaluation of the Etest for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria","volume":"22","author":"JE Rosenblatt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01165.x","article-title":"Cryptic appearance of a new clone of <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> serogroup O1 biotype El Tor in Calcutta, India","volume":"41","author":"S Yamasaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.11.3458-3464.1999","article-title":"Case-control study of enteropathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"37","author":"MJ Albert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652003000400010","article-title":"Detection of non-enterotoxigenic and enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> in stool samples from children in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"45","author":"F Krzyzanowsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2010.08.002","article-title":"Evaluation of the prevalence of enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> and the distribution <italic>bft<\/italic> gene subtypes in patients with diarrhea","volume":"6","author":"M Akp\u0131nar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.1.12","article-title":"Detection of enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> and its toxin in stool samples from adults and children in Italy","volume":"24","author":"A Pantosti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2005.06.001","article-title":"Prevalence of enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> in patients with diarrhea: a controlled study","volume":"11","author":"B Durmaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"4","article-title":"Enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic>: epidemiologic studies of its role as a human diarrhoeal pathogen. Journal of Diarrhoeal Diseases Research","volume":"10","author":"RB Sack","year":"1992","journal-title":"1992"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2004.10.004","article-title":"Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> in children less than 5 years of age in Hanoi, Vietnam","volume":"11","author":"T Vu Nguyen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1086\/598639","article-title":"Prevalence of enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> in adult patients with diarrhea and healthy controls","volume":"29","author":"G Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1006\/anae.2000.0341","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> in children with diarrhea in Nicaragua","volume":"6","author":"M Caceres","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1086\/428947","article-title":"Enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> -associated diarrhea in children 0\u20132 years of age in rural Bangladesh","volume":"191","author":"P Pathela","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-4749-2-4","article-title":"Emerging trends in the etiology of enteric pathogens as evidenced from an active surveillance of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata, India","volume":"2","author":"GB Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut Pathogens"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.05.014","article-title":"Polymicrobial infections in children with diarrhoea in a rural area of Jordan","volume":"42","author":"LF Nimri","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.2.607-612.2000","article-title":"The alleles of the <italic>bft<\/italic> gene are distributed differently among enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> strains from human sources and can be present in double copies","volume":"38","author":"AS Scotto d'Abusco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01494.x","article-title":"A possible role of <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> enterotoxin in the aetiology of colorectal cancer","volume":"12","author":"NU Toprak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2005.11.001","article-title":"The distribution of the <italic>bft<\/italic> alleles among enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> strains from stool specimens and extraintestinal sites","volume":"12","author":"N Ulger Toprak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0703.017332","article-title":"Emergence of metronidazole-resistant <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic>, India","volume":"7","author":"R Chaudhry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00481-10","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for recent clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria in South Korea","volume":"54","author":"Y Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2003.11.011","article-title":"Determinants of resistance in <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> strains according to recent Brazilian profiles of antimicrobial susceptibility","volume":"24","author":"GR Paula","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"35","article-title":"Enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> (ETBF) strains isolated in The Netherlands and Poland are genetically diverse","volume":"53","author":"P Obuch-Woszczaty\u0144ski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"167","article-title":"Use of the Etest method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of obligate anaerobes","volume":"53","author":"A Rokosz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn134","article-title":"Moxifloxacin resistance is prevalent among <italic>Bacteroides<\/italic> and <italic>Prevotella<\/italic> species in Greece","volume":"62","author":"J Papaparaskevas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00008-07","article-title":"Bacteroides: the good, the bad, and the nitty-gritty","volume":"20","author":"HM Wexler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2011.02.009","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and adhesion potential of <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> clinical isolates from Cape Town, South Africa","volume":"17","author":"BP Galv\u00e3o","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2004.06.011","article-title":"Plasmid-related beta-lactamase production in <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> strains","volume":"155","author":"V Nakano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research in Microbiology"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2004.04.008","article-title":"Non-toxigenic pattern II and III <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> strains: coexistence in the same host","volume":"155","author":"EN Antunes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research in Microbiology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01556-10","article-title":"Quantitative detection of enterotoxigenic <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> subtypes isolated from children with and without diarrhea","volume":"49","author":"VR Merino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549509019011","article-title":"Association of <italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/italic> with childhood diarrhea","volume":"27","author":"VH San Joaquin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0060622","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T00:24:57Z","timestamp":1595636697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0060622"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Deepak","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0060622","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,5]]}}}