{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:37:17Z","timestamp":1780738637862,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T16:55:39Z","timestamp":1365526539000},"page":"e61370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Seasonal Variation in the Prevalence of Sand Flies Infected with Leishmania donovani"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Puja","family":"Tiwary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukesh","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudra Pratap","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhukar","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control of the leishmaniases. Report of a WHO Expert Committee","volume":"949","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"473","article-title":"Transmission of Indian kala-azar to man by the bites of Phlebotomus argentipes, ann and brun. 1942","volume":"123","author":"CS Swaminath","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.06.012","article-title":"Phlebotomine sand flies and Leishmania parasites: friends or foes?","volume":"22","author":"S Kamhawi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control?","volume":"5","author":"F Chappuis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.2001.11813629","article-title":"Seasonal and nocturnal landing\/biting behaviour of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"95","author":"DS Dinesh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.009","article-title":"Seasonal trends and spatial relations between environmental\/meteorological factors and leishmaniosis sand fly vector abundances in Central Spain","volume":"115","author":"R G\u00e1lvez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.05.002","article-title":"Seasonal fluctuations of phlebotomine sand fly populations (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the urban area of Marrakech, Morocco","volume":"95","author":"S Boussaa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000600001","article-title":"Seasonality of Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), occurring sympatrically in area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"97","author":"NA Souza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14751","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014751","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, India from 1990 to 2008","volume":"6","author":"P Malaviya","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/32.5.605","article-title":"Nocturnal activity patterns of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) at an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Colombia","volume":"32","author":"AC Morrison","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"121","article-title":"A taxonomic review of the genus Phlebotomus","volume":"45","author":"DJ Lewis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist Entomol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12033","article-title":"PCR-RFLP based method for molecular differentiation of sand fly species Phlebotomus argentipes, Phlebotomus papatasi, and Sergentomyia babu found in India","volume":"49","author":"P Tiwary","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1666-1669.2002","article-title":"Real-time PCR for detection and quantitation of leishmania in mouse tissues","volume":"40","author":"L Nicolas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00255.x","article-title":"Phlebotomine vectors of the leishmaniases: a review","volume":"4","author":"R Killick Kendrick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(98)01330-1","article-title":"Kinetoplast DNA minicircle database","volume":"14","author":"S Brewster","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.1933-1938.2000","article-title":"Detection and identification of Leishmania DNA within naturally infected sand flies by seminested PCR on minicircle kinetoplastic DNA","volume":"66","author":"AM Aransay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000085747","article-title":"The potential of using recombinant DNA species-specific probes for the identification of tropical Leishmania","volume":"92","author":"DC Barker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e627","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000627","article-title":"Lutzomyia sand fly diversity and rates of infection by Wolbachia and an exotic Leishmania species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama","volume":"4","author":"J Azpurua","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.06.016","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum transmitted by Phlebotomus tobbi","volume":"39","author":"M Svobodova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.87","article-title":"Detection and identification of Leishmania species within naturally infected sand flies in the andean areas of ecuador by a polymerase chain reaction","volume":"72","author":"H Kato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.03.008","article-title":"Natural infection of Phlebotomus argentipes with Leishmania and other trypanosomatids in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic region of Nepal","volume":"103","author":"NR Bhattarai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1139","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001139","article-title":"Seasonality and prevalence of Leishmania major infection in Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire from two neighboring villages in central Mali","volume":"5","author":"JM Anderson","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.2000.11813563","article-title":"Screening sandflies for natural infection with Leishmania donovani, using a non-radioactive probe based on the total DNA of the parasite","volume":"94","author":"DS Dinesh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0808","article-title":"Prevalence of sand flies and Leishmania donovani infection in a natural population of female Phlebotomus argentipes in Bihar State, India","volume":"12","author":"P Tiwary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.013","article-title":"Species-specific identification of Leishmania in naturally infected sand flies captured in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil","volume":"115","author":"BR Paiva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.02.005","article-title":"Survey of natural infection by Leishmania in sand fly species collected in southeastern Brazil","volume":"104","author":"LS Rocha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.01.010","article-title":"Sand flies naturally infected by Leishmania (L.) mexicana in the peri-urban area of Chetumal city, Quintana Roo, Mexico","volume":"104","author":"L Sanchez-Garcia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay AK, Rahaman SJ, Chakravarty AK (1990) Effect of flood on Immature stages of Sandflies in a Flood Prone Kala-azar Endemic Village of North Bihar, India. WHO\/VBC\/90.986.Geneva: World Health Organization."}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061370","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T03:45:59Z","timestamp":1562903159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061370"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David Joseph","family":"Diemert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061370","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]]}}}