{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T19:57:51Z","timestamp":1762459071497},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,23]],"date-time":"2013-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366675200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,23]],"date-time":"2013-04-23T17:53:47Z","timestamp":1366739627000},"page":"e61616","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Cytokine Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) Activates Hypothalamic Urocortin-Expressing Neurons Both In Vitro and In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Purser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prasad S.","family":"Dalvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise D.","family":"Belsham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6865(99)00050-3","article-title":"The ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptor, CNTFR alpha","volume":"74","author":"MW Sleeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharm Acta Helv"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115360","article-title":"Neurogenesis in the hypothalamus of adult mice: potential role in energy balance","volume":"310","author":"MV Kokoeva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.14.1826","article-title":"Recombinant variant of ciliary neurotrophic factor for weight loss in obese adults: a randomized, dose-ranging study","volume":"289","author":"MP Ettinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4652","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.061034298","article-title":"Ciliary neurotrophic factor activates leptin-like pathways and reduces body fat, without cachexia or rebound weight gain, even in leptin-resistant obesity","volume":"98","author":"PD Lambert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22580","article-title":"The Edinger-Westphal nucleus: a historical, structural, and functional perspective on a dichotomous terminology","volume":"519","author":"T Kozicz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19991220)415:3<285::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Urocortin expression in rat brain: evidence against a pervasive relationship of urocortin-containing projections with targets bearing type 2 CRF receptors","volume":"415","author":"JC Bittencourt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00624.x","article-title":"Urocortin expression in the human central nervous system","volume":"50","author":"K Iino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980202)391:1<1::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Distribution of urocortin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat","volume":"391","author":"T Kozicz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00732-5","article-title":"Differential distribution of urocortin- and corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivities in the rat brain","volume":"92","author":"SM Morin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(98)00012-6","article-title":"Regional distribution of urocortin-like immunoreactivity and expression of urocortin mRNA in the human brain","volume":"19","author":"K Takahashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10742","article-title":"Urocortin in the central nervous system of a primate (Cebus apella): sequencing, immunohistochemical, and hybridization histochemical characterization","volume":"463","author":"LA Vasconcelos","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/378287a0","article-title":"Urocortin, a mammalian neuropeptide related to fish urotensin I and to corticotropin-releasing factor","volume":"378","author":"J Vaughan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"307","article-title":"Localization of urocortin messenger RNA in rat brain and pituitary","volume":"1","author":"ML Wong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0946","article-title":"Generation of a phenotypic array of hypothalamic neuronal cell models to study complex neuroendocrine disorders","volume":"145","author":"DD Belsham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4256","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-133454","article-title":"Ciliary neurotrophic factor recruitment of glucagon-like peptide-1 mediates neurogenesis, allowing immortalization of adult murine hypothalamic neurons","volume":"23","author":"DD Belsham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9497","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2269-05.2005","article-title":"Anorexigenic hormones leptin, insulin, and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone directly induce neurotensin (NT) gene expression in novel NT-expressing cell models","volume":"25","author":"H Cui","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-2089","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-2 directly regulates hypothalamic neurons expressing neuropeptides linked to appetite control in vivo and in vitro","volume":"153","author":"PS Dalvi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1795","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4, regulates feeding-associated neuropeptides in hypothalamic neurons in vivo and in vitro","volume":"153","author":"PS Dalvi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10707","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600425103","article-title":"gp130 signaling in proopiomelanocortin neurons mediates the acute anorectic response to centrally applied ciliary neurotrophic factor","volume":"103","author":"R Janoschek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Paxinos G, Franklin KBJ, editors (2003) The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates: compact second edition. San Diego: Academic."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20000724)423:2<261::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Chemical characterization of leptin-activated neurons in the rat brain","volume":"423","author":"CF Elias","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2011.01.005","article-title":"Leptin differentially regulates NPY secretion in hypothalamic cell lines through distinct intracellular signal transduction pathways","volume":"167","author":"SS Dhillon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1122","article-title":"Palmitate attenuates insulin signaling and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in hypothalamic neurons: rescue of resistance and apoptosis through adenosine 5\u2032 monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation","volume":"151","author":"CM Mayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0838","article-title":"Central insulin signaling is attenuated by long-term insulin exposure via insulin receptor substrate-1 serine phosphorylation, proteasomal degradation, and lysosomal insulin receptor degradation","volume":"151","author":"CM Mayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1030","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00649.2010","article-title":"Immortalized neurons for the study of hypothalamic function","volume":"300","author":"PS Dalvi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.124","article-title":"Estrogen inhibits NPY secretion through membrane-associated estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha in clonal, immortalized hypothalamic neurons","volume":"35","author":"SS Dhillon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.02.031","article-title":"Insulin directly regulates NPY and AgRP gene expression via the MAPK MEK\/ERK signal transduction pathway in mHypoE-46 hypothalamic neurons","volume":"307","author":"CM Mayer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8390097","article-title":"LIFR beta and gp130 as heterodimerizing signal transducers of the tripartite CNTF receptor","volume":"260","author":"S Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480251111","article-title":"The tripartite CNTF receptor complex: activation and signaling involves components shared with other cytokines","volume":"25","author":"N Stahl","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1143","article-title":"Leptin signaling modulates the activity of urocortin 1 neurons in the mouse nonpreganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus","volume":"152","author":"L Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.2.5723","article-title":"Anorectic effects of the cytokine, ciliary neurotropic factor, are mediated by hypothalamic neuropeptide Y: comparison with leptin","volume":"139","author":"B Xu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.11.2787","article-title":"Ciliary neurotrophic factorAx15 alters energy homeostasis, decreases body weight, and improves metabolic control in diet-induced obese and UCP1-DTA mice","volume":"53","author":"S Bluher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00896-3","article-title":"Leptin and ciliary neurotropic factor (CNTF) inhibit fasting-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone release in rats: role of neuropeptide Y","volume":"240","author":"SP Kalra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.10.018","article-title":"A putative physiological role of hypothalamic CNTF in the control of energy homeostasis","volume":"582","author":"CM Vacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21492","article-title":"Evidence for constitutive neural cell proliferation in the adult murine hypothalamus","volume":"505","author":"MV Kokoeva","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.1991.Supplement_15.14","article-title":"Effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on motoneuron survival","volume":"Suppl 15","author":"M Sendtner","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Constitutive expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor in mouse hypothalamus","author":"I Severi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520310204","article-title":"Gene expression in arcuate nucleus-median eminence of rats treated with leptin or ciliary neurotrophic factor","volume":"31","author":"S Ambati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2000.00526.x","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y counteracts the anorectic and weight reducing effects of ciliary neurotropic factor","volume":"12","author":"S Pu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E458","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00388.2011","article-title":"The anorexigenic cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates POMC gene expression via receptors localized in the nucleus of arcuate neurons","volume":"302","author":"O Couvreur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI43134","article-title":"Remodeling of the arcuate nucleus energy-balance circuit is inhibited in obese mice","volume":"122","author":"DE McNay","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5457.1433","article-title":"Mammalian neural stem cells","volume":"287","author":"FH Gage","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4161-03.2004","article-title":"Novel neuronal phenotypes from neural progenitor cells","volume":"24","author":"EA Markakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6706","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-17-06706.2001","article-title":"Infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor into the lateral ventricle of the adult rat leads to new neurons in the parenchyma of the striatum, septum, thalamus, and hypothalamus","volume":"21","author":"V Pencea","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E337","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00402.2009","article-title":"Injection of Urocortin 3 into the ventromedial hypothalamus modulates feeding, blood glucose levels, and hypothalamic POMC gene expression but not the HPA axis","volume":"298","author":"P Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02851-7","article-title":"Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus injections of urocortin alter food intake and respiratory quotient","volume":"916","author":"PJ Currie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02378-1","article-title":"Urocortin in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus acts as an inhibitor of feeding behavior in rats","volume":"861","author":"H Ohata","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051626398","article-title":"Urocortin II: a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors","volume":"98","author":"TM Reyes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R473","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.2.R473","article-title":"Feeding inhibition by urocortin in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus","volume":"280","author":"C Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"E255","article-title":"Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on food intake and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats","volume":"255","author":"K Arase","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4179(91)90164-E","article-title":"Corticotropin releasing hormone produces profound anorexigenic effects in the rhesus monkey","volume":"18","author":"JR Glowa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.96","article-title":"Coordinated changes in energy intake and expenditure following hypothalamic administration of neuropeptides involved in energy balance","volume":"33","author":"NM Semjonous","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2007.12.002","article-title":"Urocortins: emerging metabolic and energy homeostasis perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Y Kuperman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5281.1561","article-title":"Appetite-suppressing effects of urocortin, a CRF-related neuropeptide","volume":"273","author":"M Spina","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01512.x","article-title":"Systemic urocortin 2, but not urocortin 1 or stressin 1-A, suppresses feeding via CRF2 receptors without malaise and stress","volume":"164","author":"EM Fekete","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2004.05.023","article-title":"Effects of urocortin 2 and 3 on motor activity and food intake in rats","volume":"25","author":"H Ohata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-010-9420-7","article-title":"Centrally administered urocortin 3 inhibits food intake and gastric emptying in mice","volume":"39","author":"M Ushikai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2010.10.017","article-title":"Peripheral activation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 inhibits food intake and alters meal structures in mice","volume":"32","author":"L Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.5.1235","article-title":"Lesions of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus alter food and water consumption","volume":"119","author":"AZ Weitemier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.05.003","article-title":"Sex-specific effects of fasting on urocortin 1, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide and nesfatin-1 expression in the rat Edinger-Westphal nucleus","volume":"162","author":"L Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.11.039","article-title":"Peptidergic Edinger-Westphal neurons and the energy-dependent stress response","volume":"177","author":"L Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.01.114","article-title":"Urocortin I inhibits the effects of ghrelin and neuropeptide Y on feeding and energy substrate utilization","volume":"1385","author":"PJ Currie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T19:56:22Z","timestamp":1562961382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061616"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hubert","family":"Vaudry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,23]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061616","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,23]]}}}