{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:54:14Z","timestamp":1791179654627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]],"date-time":"2013-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367884800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T01:14:53Z","timestamp":1367975693000},"page":"e61875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Managing Hytrosavirus Infections in Glossina pallidipes Colonies: Feeding Regime Affects the Prevalence of Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Adly M. M.","family":"Abd-Alla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry M.","family":"Kariithi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Hasim","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgardo","family":"Lapiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J. B.","family":"Vreysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"WHO (2001) Scientific Working group on African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), WHO\/TDR Committee Report. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.21.010176.001103","article-title":"Effects of external and internal arthropod parasites on domestic livestock production","volume":"21","author":"CD Steelman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Jordan AM (1986) Trypanosomiasis control and African rural development. London: Longman. 357 p."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(00)01827-4","article-title":"African bovine trypanosomiasis: the problem of drug resistance","volume":"17","author":"S Geerts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leak SGA (1998) Tsetse biology and ecology: their role in the epidemiology and control of trypanosomosis. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. xxiii +568 p.","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851993003.0000"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Hendrichs J, Kenmore P, Robinson AS, Vreysen MJB (2007) Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management (AW - IPM): Principles, Practice and Prospects. In: Vreysen MJB, Robinson AS, Hendrichs J editors. Area-wide control of insect pests. From research to field implementation. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. 3\u201333."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.1.123","article-title":"<italic>Glossina austeni<\/italic> (Diptera: Glossinidae) eradicated on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar, using the sterile insect technique","volume":"93","author":"MJB Vreysen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feldmann U, Dyck VA, Mattioli RC, Jannin J (2005) Potential impact of tsetse fly control involving the sterile insect technique. In: Dyck VA, Hendrichs J, Robinson AS editors. Sterile Insect Technique. Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. 701\u2013723.","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-4051-2_27"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alemu T, Kapitano B, Mekonnen S, Aboset G, Kiflom M <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2007) Area-wide control of tsetse and trypanosomosis: Ethiopian experience in the Southern Rift Valley. In: Vreysen MJB, Robinson AS, Hendrichs J editors. Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests: From Research to Field Implementation. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. 325\u2013335.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6059-5_30"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.09.018","article-title":"Development of a non-destructive PCR method for detection of the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV) in tsetse flies","volume":"139","author":"A Abd-Alla","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02588-07","article-title":"Genome analysis of a <italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/italic> salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV) reveals a novel large double-stranded circular DNA virus","volume":"82","author":"AMM Abd-Alla","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.03.001","article-title":"Dynamics of the salivary gland hypertrophy virus in laboratory colonies of <italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/italic> (Diptera: Glossinidae)","volume":"150","author":"AMM Abd-Alla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001220","article-title":"Tsetse salivary gland hypertrophy virus: Hope or hindrance for tsetse control?","volume":"5","author":"AMM Abd-Alla","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-009-0398-5","article-title":"Hytrosaviridae: a proposal for classification and nomenclature of a new insect virus family","volume":"154","author":"AMM Abd-Alla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120709-144841","article-title":"Salivary gland hypertrophy viruses: a novel group of insect pathogenic viruses","volume":"56","author":"VU Lietze","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761998000600030","article-title":"The effects of a DNA virus infection on the reproductive potential of female tsetse flies, <italic>Glossina morsitans centralis<\/italic> and <italic>Glossina morsitans morsitans<\/italic> (Diptera: Glossinidae)","volume":"93","author":"RC Sang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01568821","article-title":"Ultrastructural evidence for trans-ovum transmission of the DNA virus of tsetse, <italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/italic> (Diptera: Glossinidae)","volume":"18","author":"WGZO Jura","year":"1989","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1996.0093","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes in the milk gland of tsetse <italic>Glossina morsitans centralis<\/italic> (Diptera; Glissinidae) female infected by a DNA virus","volume":"68","author":"RC Sang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Feldmann U (1994) Guidelines for the rearing of tsetse flies using the membrane feeding technique. In: Ochieng\u2019-Odero JPR editor. Techniques of insect rearing for the development of integrated pest and vector management strategies. Nairobi, Kenya: ICIPE Science Press. pp.449\u2013471."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kariithi HM, Ahmadi M, Parker AG, Franz G, Ros VID <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2012) Prevalence and genetic variation of salivary gland hypertrophy virus in wild populations of the tsetse fly <italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/italic> from southern and eastern Africa. J Invertebr Pathol doi: 10.1016\/j.jip.2012.04.016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2012.04.016"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42188","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042188","article-title":"Impact of Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus Infection on the Mating Success of Male <italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/italic>: Consequences for the Sterile Insect Technique","volume":"7","author":"GN Mutika","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.023671-0","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of <italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/italic> Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus virions for immune intervention in tsetse fly colonies","volume":"91","author":"HM Kariithi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.047423-0","article-title":"Correlation between structure, protein composition, morphogenesis and cytopathology of <italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/italic> salivary gland hypertrophy virus","volume":"94","author":"HM Kariithi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38417","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038417","article-title":"The antiviral drug valacyclovir successfully suppresses salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV) in laboratory colonies of <italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/italic>","volume":"7","author":"AMM Abd-Alla","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1966.11686383","article-title":"The large-scale rearing of <italic>Glossina austeni<\/italic> (Newst.) in the laboratory I. The use of pregnant and non-pregnant goats","volume":"60","author":"TAM Nash","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1967.11686477","article-title":"The rearing of <italic>Glossina austeni<\/italic> Newst. with lop-eared rabbits as hosts. I. Efficacy of the method","volume":"61","author":"AM Jordan","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Mews AR, Offori E, Baumgartner H, Luger D (1972) Techniques used at the IAEA laboratory for rearing tsetse fly, <italic>Glossina morsitans<\/italic> Westwood. 243\u2013254."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300047672","article-title":"The role of physical and chemical stimuli in the development of <italic>in vitro<\/italic> feeding techniques for tsetse flies <italic>Glossina<\/italic> spp. (Dipt., Glossinidae)","volume":"62","author":"PA Langley","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"911","article-title":"Utilisation d\u2019une membrane synthetique pour la nourriture artificielle des glossines (Diptera-Muscidae)","volume":"275D","author":"J Pagot","year":"1972","journal-title":"C r hebd Seanc Acad Sci, Paris"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1038\/221855a0","article-title":"Membrane feeding technique for tsetse flies (<italic>Glossina<\/italic> spp.)","volume":"221","author":"PA Langley","year":"1969","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(72)90172-1","article-title":"Further experiments on rearing tsetse flies in the absence of a living host","volume":"66","author":"PA Langley","year":"1972","journal-title":"Trans R Soc frop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300006246","article-title":"A new membrane for feeding <italic>Glossina morsitans<\/italic> Westw. (Diptera: Glossinidae)","volume":"65","author":"B Bauer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300010944","article-title":"Large scale rearing of tsetse flies (<italic>Glossina<\/italic> spp.) in the absence of a living host","volume":"67","author":"AR Mews","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Feldmann U (1993) Rearing tsetse flies for use in sterile insect technique vector control programmes. In: IAEA\/FAO editor. Management of Insect Pests: Nuclear and Related Molecular and Genetic Techniques. Vienna: IAEA. 579\u2013601."},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Feldmann U (1994) Some quality control parameters used in the rearing of tsetse flies. In: Ochieng\u2019-Odero JPR editor. Techniques of insect rearing for the development of integrated pest and vector management strategies. Nairobi: ICIPE Science Press. pp.13\u201329."},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Feldmann U, Luger D, Barnor H, Dengwat L, Ajagbonna B <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (1992) Tsetse fly mass rearing: Colony management, deployment of sterile flies, related research and development. Tsetse control, diagnosis and chemotherapy using nuclear techniques. Proceedings of a seminar jointly organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and held in Muguga, Kenya, 11\u201315 February 1991. Vienna, Austria: IAEA. pp.167\u2013180."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gooding RH, Feldmann U, Robinson AS (1997) Care and maintenance of tsetse colonies. In: Crampton JM, Beard CB, Louis C editors. The molecular biology of insect disease vectors: a methods manual. London, UK: Chapman &amp; Hall Ltd. pp.41\u201355.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-1535-0_5"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2008.10.006","article-title":"Quantitative PCR analysis of the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV) in a laboratory colony of <italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/italic>","volume":"139","author":"A Abd-Alla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1981) Biometry. New York: Freeman and company. 1+859 p."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baier T, Neuwirth E (2007) COM :: R. Computational Statistics 22: 91\u2013108. DOI 10.1007\/s00180-007-0023-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00180-007-0023-6"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"R Development Core Team (2010) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www<\/ext-link> R-project org Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.R-project.org\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.R-project.org<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2010 Mar 3."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300056923","article-title":"Productivity of <italic>Glossina austeni<\/italic> Newst. maintained on lop-eared rabbits","volume":"58","author":"AM Jordan","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061875","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T15:27:39Z","timestamp":1688225259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061875"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061875","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]]}}}