{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:25:42Z","timestamp":1792095942270,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368576000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T21:53:31Z","timestamp":1368654811000},"page":"e63650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Lower Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Higher Expression of Arginase in Rat Alveolar Macrophages Are Linked to Their Susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii Infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Jun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Qi","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Long","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Bao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoff","family":"Hide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Rong","family":"Lun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume":"363","author":"JG Montoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-84-2-193","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in the compromised host","volume":"84","author":"J Ruskin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548709117209","article-title":"Pulmonary toxoplasmosis in AIDS","volume":"19","author":"MH Mendelson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91769-6","article-title":"Unusual pulmonary infection in a puzzling presentation of AIDS","volume":"1","author":"JM Tourani","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"704","article-title":"Pulmonary toxoplasmosis","volume":"133","author":"JR Catterall","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"18N","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"88","author":"E Oksenhendler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.4.863","article-title":"Pulmonary toxoplasmosis: a review","volume":"14","author":"C Pomeroy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(97)80012-8","article-title":"Case report: fulminant <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> pneumonia in a patient with AIDS","volume":"52","author":"GT Rottenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2009.167","article-title":"Severe pulmonary toxoplasmosis after allo-SCT in two patients: from <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic> genotyping to clinical management","volume":"45","author":"L Delhaes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21646","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in a post-transplant bronchoalveolar lavage: a case report","volume":"40","author":"SE Monaco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-4453(93)96968-V","article-title":"A parasitologically proven case of <italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic> pneumonia in an immunocompetent pregnant woman","volume":"26","author":"E Candolfi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.12.3724-3725.1998","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>-associated Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"36","author":"P Bossi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1089\/153036602760260733","article-title":"Serologic survey of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> in noncarnivorous free-ranging neotropical mammals in French Guiana","volume":"2","author":"B Carme","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16841-4","article-title":"Severe acute disseminated toxoplasmosis","volume":"364","author":"P Bossi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1086\/511871","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> pneumonia in immunocompetent subjects: case report and review","volume":"44","author":"FE Leal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1504.081306","article-title":"Severe acquired toxoplasmosis caused by wild cycle of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>, French Guiana","volume":"15","author":"B Carme","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"713","article-title":"Primary pulmonary toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient. Med Mal Infect","volume":"40","author":"D Simanaityte","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104.17.392","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in a calf","volume":"104","author":"HW Ferguson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.11.006","article-title":"Lower respiratory tract infections in cats: 21 cases (1995\u20132000)","volume":"6","author":"SF Foster","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1373.047","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in piglets","volume":"1081","author":"A Thiptara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jur\u00e1nkov\u00e1 J, Opsteegh M, Neumayerov\u00e1 H, Kova\u0159\u010d\u00edk K, Frencov\u00e1 A, et al. (2012) Quantification of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> in tissue samples of experimentally infected goats by magnetic capture and real-time PCR. Vet Parasitol <comment>doi:<ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.11.016\" xlink:type=\"simple\">pii: S0304-4017(12)00600-0.10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.11.016<\/ext-link><\/comment>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.11.016"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-009-9367-5","article-title":"Pulmonary toxoplasmosis, a rare but severe manifestation of a common opportunistic infection in late HIV presenters: report of two cases","volume":"38","author":"H Kovari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"469","article-title":"Pulmonary toxoplasmosis in AIDS. Report of 3 cases","volume":"141","author":"L Knani","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Med Interne (Paris)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833f9f93","article-title":"Assessment of infection risks prior to lung transplantation","volume":"23","author":"ML Luong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"634","article-title":"In defense of the lung: paradoxical role of the pulmonary alveolar macrophage","volume":"55","author":"HB Herscowitz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.2.353","article-title":"The alveolar macrophage","volume":"60","author":"AO Fels","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.42.5.447","article-title":"Activation of rat alveolar macrophages by gamma interferon to inhibit <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> in vitro","volume":"42","author":"AM Badger","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.03.008","article-title":"Alveolar macrophage in the driver\u2019s seat","volume":"24","author":"BN Lambrecht","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.2307\/3281014","article-title":"Lack of multiplication of toxoplasma in macrophages of rats in vitro","volume":"68","author":"M Chinchilla","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.163.5.1113","article-title":"Oxygen-independent killing by alveolar macrophages","volume":"163","author":"JR Catterall","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.7.1635-1640.1987","article-title":"Nonoxidative microbicidal activity in normal human alveolar and peritoneal macrophages","volume":"55","author":"JR Catterall","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0120","article-title":"Mechanism of innate resistance to <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> infection","volume":"352","author":"J Alexander","year":"1997","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lon B, Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.7.2725","article-title":"Microbiostatic effect of murine-activated macrophages for <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>. Role for synthesis of inorganic nitrogen oxides from L-arginine","volume":"144","author":"LB Adams","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.2.568","article-title":"IFN-gamma-induced L-arginine-dependent toxoplasmastatic activity in murine peritoneal macrophages is mediated by endogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"148","author":"JA Langermans","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.1757","article-title":"Co-induction of arginase and nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"210","author":"WW Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119473","article-title":"Perspectives series: host\/pathogen interactions. Mechanisms of nitric oxide-related antimicrobial activity","volume":"99","author":"FC Fang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5347","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.11.5347","article-title":"Alternative metabolic states in murine macrophages reflected by the nitric oxide synthase\/arginase balance: competitive regulation by CD4+ T cells correlates with Th1\/Th2 phenotype","volume":"160","author":"M Munder","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.7.1083","article-title":"Effector cells of both nonhemopoietic and hemopoietic origin are required for interferon (IFN)-gamma- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-dependent host resistance to the intracellular pathogen, <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"189","author":"GS Yap","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6002","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.12.6002","article-title":"Cutting edge: urease release by Helicobacter pylori stimulates macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase","volume":"168","author":"AP Gobert","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2001.4675","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> partially inhibits nitric oxide production of activated murine macrophages","volume":"100","author":"SH Seabra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-179R","article-title":"Endogenous polyamine levels in macrophages is sufficient to support growth of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"90","author":"SH Seabra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(03)00092-4","article-title":"Reduced expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase after infection with <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> facilitates parasite replication in activated murine macrophages","volume":"33","author":"CG L\u00fcder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01830-2","article-title":"Effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on L-arginine pathways in rat alveolar macrophages","volume":"471","author":"S Koschorreck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1671","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-induced arginase 1 in macrophages thwarts effective immunity against intracellular pathogens","volume":"9","author":"KC El Kasmi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"e1000899","article-title":"Modulation of the arginase pathway in the context of microbial pathogenesis: a metabolic enzyme moonlighting as an immune modulator. PLoS Pathog","volume":"6","author":"P Das","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000947","article-title":"Arginase expression in peritoneal macrophages and increase in circulating polyamine levels in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"58","author":"OM Abdallahi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2601","article-title":"Polyamines: mysterious modulators of cellular functions","volume":"271","author":"K Igarashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23668","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M402042200","article-title":"Arginase plays a pivotal role in polyamine precursor metabolism in <italic>Leishmania<\/italic>. Characterization of gene deletion mutants","volume":"279","author":"SC Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35834","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035834","article-title":"Differences in iNOS and arginase expression and activity in the macrophages of rats are responsible for the resistance against <italic>T. gondii<\/italic> infection","volume":"7","author":"Z Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(75)90055-7","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>: immunopathology of cutaneous hypersensitivityreactions in guinea pigs injected with living parasites","volume":"37","author":"JL Krahenbuhl","year":"1975","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"999","article-title":"Mediation of immunity to intracellular infection (<italic>Toxoplasma<\/italic> and <italic>Besnoitia<\/italic>) within somatic cells. Infect Immun","volume":"19","author":"M Chinchilla","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00227-6","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis of rats: a review, with considerations of their value as an animal model and their possible role in epidemiology","volume":"77","author":"JP Dubey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.2307\/3285739","article-title":"Infection and immunity with the RH strain of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> in rats and mice","volume":"85","author":"JP Dubey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"297","article-title":"Infection of the athymic rat by <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"304","author":"F Santoro","year":"1987","journal-title":"C R Acad Sci III"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(05)80091-4","article-title":"Experimental models of toxoplasmosis","volume":"144","author":"F Darcy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Res Immunol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1998.4301","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>: kinetics of the dissemination in the host tissues during the acute phase of infection of mice and rats","volume":"90","author":"L Zenner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(99)80051-X","article-title":"Infection with <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> RH and Prugniaud strains in mice, rats and nude rats: kinetics of infection in blood and tissues related to pathology in acute and chronic infection","volume":"195","author":"L Zenner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.06.007","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>: an improved rat model of congenital infection","volume":"120","author":"A Freyre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.02.007","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>: protection against colonization of the brain and muscles in a rat model","volume":"119","author":"A Freyre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1988.8.251","article-title":"Modulation of rat bronchoalveolar lavage cell function by the intratracheal delivery of interferon-gamma","volume":"8","author":"AM Badger","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Interferon Res"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"13","article-title":"The immunosuppressant effect of <italic>T lewisi<\/italic> (Kinetoplastidae) infection on the multiplication of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> (Sarcocystidae) on alveolar and peritoneal macrophages of the white rat","volume":"57","author":"NJ Carrera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Biol Trop"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.04.022","article-title":"Inhibition of increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity attenuates <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> replication in the lung during acute infection","volume":"59","author":"Y Murakami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.13.1.7598935","article-title":"A role for gamma interferon-induced nitric oxide in pulmonary clearance of <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>","volume":"13","author":"JA Lovchik","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.2.397","article-title":"Down regulation of the antigen presenting cell function(s) of pulmonary dendritic cells in vivo by resident alveolar macrophages","volume":"177","author":"PG Holt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115872","article-title":"Suppression of metalloproteinase biosynthesis in human alveolar macrophages by interleukin-4","volume":"90","author":"S Lacraz","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01848.x","article-title":"Suppression of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation by alveolar macrophages from young infants","volume":"128","author":"HJ Bunn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.7.3771","article-title":"Th1\/Th2-regulated expression of arginase isoforms in murine macrophages and dendritic cells","volume":"163","author":"M Munder","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7565","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7565","article-title":"Enhancer-mediated control of macrophage-specific arginase I expression","volume":"172","author":"AL Pauleau","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00090-X","article-title":"Nitric oxide in parasitic infections","volume":"1","author":"LR Brunet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8841","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.16.8841","article-title":"Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in the relationship between mammalian hosts and microbial pathogens","volume":"97","author":"C Nathan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43.1","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.Supp.43.1","article-title":"Direct and indirect type-1 arginase (Arg1) induction following <italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/italic> (BCG) infection","volume":"182","author":"JE Qualls","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002236","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> rhoptry kinase ROP16 activates STAT3 and STAT6 resulting in cytokineinhibition and arginase-1-dependent growth control","volume":"7","author":"BA Butcher","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2007.02203.x","article-title":"Macrophage differentiation and function in health and disease","volume":"58","author":"M Naito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219179","article-title":"A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"336","author":"C Schulz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108658","article-title":"Enzymatic basis for bioenergetic differences of alveolar versus peritoneal macrophages and enzyme regulation by molecular O<sub>2<\/sub>","volume":"59","author":"LM Simon","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"621","article-title":"Antigenic differences between alveolar and peritoneal macrophages of the rat. Lack of population-specific determinants","volume":"38","author":"G Boltz-Nitulescu","year":"1979","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/019021401459770","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional differences between rat alveolar, pleural, and peritoneal macrophages","volume":"27","author":"M D\u00f6rger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp Lung Res"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L936","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90625.2008","article-title":"Lung environment determines unique phenotype of alveolar macrophages","volume":"296","author":"AM Guth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00028-6","article-title":"Enhanced utilization and altered metabolism of arginine in inflammatory macrophages caused by raised nitric oxide synthesis","volume":"34","author":"N M\u00fcllner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-005-0004-6","article-title":"The effect of various inflammatory agents on the alternative metabolic pathways of arginine in mouse and rat macrophages","volume":"55","author":"A Hrab\u00e1k","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53483","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053483","article-title":"Genotypes and Mouse Virulence of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> Isolates from Animals and Humans in China","volume":"8","author":"L Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.09.005","article-title":"Virulence factors of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"14","author":"JF Dubremetz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.6.1358","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase is not a constituent of the antimicrobial armature of human mononuclear phagocytes","volume":"167","author":"M Schneemann","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300050085","article-title":"Different manifestations of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> infection in F344 and LEW rats","volume":"187","author":"MC Kempf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.86.2.128","article-title":"Studies on pulmonary alveolar macrophages from the normal rabbit: a technique to procure them in a high state of purity","volume":"86","author":"Q Myrvik","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.7.2407","article-title":"Release of reactive nitrogen intermediates and reactive oxygen intermediates from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Comparison of activating cytokines and evidence for independent production","volume":"141","author":"AH Ding","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(94)90027-2","article-title":"Determination of arginase activity in macrophages: a micromethod","volume":"174","author":"IM Corraliza","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0063650","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T19:45:17Z","timestamp":1688240717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0063650"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0063650","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]]}}}