{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:51:47Z","timestamp":1789005107117,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]],"date-time":"2013-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369872000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]],"date-time":"2013-05-30T21:24:20Z","timestamp":1369949060000},"page":"e64110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Gender Disparity between Cutaneous and Non-Cutaneous Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Franc","family":"Strle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary P.","family":"Wormser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanthi","family":"Dhaduvai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omosalewa","family":"Adenikinju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Soman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yodit","family":"Tefera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Maraspin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanka","family":"Lotri\u010d-Furlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Ogrinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u017ee","family":"Cimperman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Ru\u017ei\u0107-Sablji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da\u0161a","family":"Stupica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60103-7","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis","volume":"379","author":"G Stanek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"SS10","key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for Lyme disease \u2013 United States, 1992\u20132006","volume":"57","author":"RM Bacon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1193","article-title":"Implications of gender in chronic Lyme disease","volume":"18","author":"GP Wormser","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1060-y","article-title":"Epidemiological situation of Lyme borreliosis in Germany: surveillance data from six eastern German states, 2002 to 2006","volume":"103","author":"B Fulop","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.10.04.00531-en","article-title":"Surveillance of Lyme borreliosis in Germany, 2002 and 2003","volume":"10","author":"WH Mehnert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia. Epidemiologic surveillance of communicable diseases in Slovenia in 2010. Ljubljana, 2011. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ivz.si\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.ivz.si<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2013 Mar 12."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nndss\/document\/2012_Case%20Definitions.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nndss\/document\/2012_Case%20Definitions.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2013 Mar 12."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01651147","article-title":"Serological diagnosis of erythema migrans disease and related disorders","volume":"5","author":"B Wilske","year":"1984","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000213070","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis","volume":"37","author":"F Strle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0445-7","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> VlsE antigen for the serological diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis","volume":"27","author":"A Marangoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00501-3","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid analysis: disease-related data patterns and evaluation programs","volume":"184","author":"H Reiber","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia website. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.stat.si\/eng\/index.asp\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.stat.si\/eng\/index.asp<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2013 Feb 28."},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Selvin S (1991) Statistical Analysis of Epidemiological Data. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 375."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780010106","article-title":"Mantel-Haenszel statistics and direct standardization","volume":"1","author":"RF Woolson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(93)90092-Q","article-title":"Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans","volume":"11","author":"E Asbrink","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"207","article-title":"Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans: histopathologic findings and clinical correlations in 111 cases","volume":"78","author":"E Brehmer-Andersson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta DermVenereol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890370039007","article-title":"Long-term prognosis in patients treated for erythema chronicum migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans","volume":"133","author":"MM Hulshof","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.23.2617","article-title":"Does this patient have erythema migrans?","volume":"297","author":"CD Tibbles","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0167-2","article-title":"Increased incidence of Lyme borreliosis in Southern Sweden following mild winters and during warm, humid summers","volume":"25","author":"L Bennet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.13.4.525-529.2006","article-title":"A decrease in the immunoglobulin G antibody response against VlsE protein of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu lato correlates with the resolution of clinical signs in antibiotic-treated patients with early Lyme disease","volume":"13","author":"A Marangoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0533","article-title":"Effect of gender on clinical and epidemiologic features of Lyme borreliosis","volume":"7","author":"L Bennet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110080070","article-title":"Re-infection with Lyme borreliosis: A retrospective follow-up study in Southern Sweden","volume":"34","author":"L Bennet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02360.x","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis reinfection: might it be explained by a gender difference in immune response","volume":"118","author":"S Jarefors","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1297-319X(03)00160-X","article-title":"Good outcomes of Lyme arthritis in 24 patients in an endemic area of Switzerland","volume":"71","author":"I Renaud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"695","article-title":"Lyme arthritis \u2013 a common manifestation in a highly endemic area in Sweden","volume":"22","author":"J Berglund","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540903036220","article-title":"Activity of liposomal exoglycosidoses in serum and synovial fluid in patients with chronic Lyme and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"41","author":"S Pancewicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1102-0","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation products as potential bio-indicators of Lyme arthritis","volume":"30","author":"W Luczaj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.3.368","article-title":"Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute Lyme neuroborreliosis","volume":"68","author":"A Kirchner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psych"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03459.x","article-title":"High sensitivity and specificity of the C6-peptide ELISA on cerebrospinal fluid in Lyme neuroborreliosis patients","volume":"17","author":"ND Van Burgel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70119-4","article-title":"Oral doxycycline versus intravenous ceftriaxone for European Lyme neuroborreliosis: a multicentre, non-inferiority, double-blind, randomized trial","volume":"7","author":"U Ljostad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-1-199901050-00006","article-title":"Comparison of culture-confirmed erythema mirgans caused by <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto in New York state and by <italic>Borrelia afzelii<\/italic> in Slovenia","volume":"130","author":"F Strle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-004-3042-z","article-title":"Comparison of erythema migrans caused by <italic>Borrelia afzelii<\/italic> and <italic>Borrelia garinii<\/italic>","volume":"32","author":"M Logar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.05.011","article-title":"Subjective symptoms after treatment of early Lyme disease","volume":"123","author":"D Cerar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis402","article-title":"Treatment of erythema migrans with doxycycline for 10 days versus 15 days","volume":"55","author":"D Stupica","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0230","article-title":"Comparison of erythema migrans caused by <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> and <italic>Borrelia garinii<\/italic>","volume":"11","author":"F Strle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1086\/592279","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> genotype predicts the capacity for hematogenous dissemination during early Lyme disease","volume":"198","author":"GP Wormser","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22926","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022926","article-title":"Biodiversity of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> strains in tissues of Lyme disease patients","volume":"6","author":"D Brisson","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2010.06.006","article-title":"Expression and sequence diversity of the complement regulating outer surface protein E in <italic>Borrelia afzelii<\/italic> vs. <italic>Borrelia garinii<\/italic> in patients with erythema migrans or neuroborreliosis","volume":"49","author":"J Panelius","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol Pathogenesis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200526354","article-title":"Expression of complement factor H binding immunoevasion proteins in <italic>Borrelia garinii<\/italic> isolated from patients with neuroborreliosis","volume":"35","author":"A Alitalo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia website. Available: ZUBSTAT <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ivz.si\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.ivz.si\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2012 Nov 10."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01216-09","article-title":"Genetic control of the innate immune response to <italic>Borrelia hermsii<\/italic> influences the course of relapsing fever in inbred strains of mice","volume":"78","author":"VM Benoit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200003000-00005","article-title":"Q fever 1985\u20131998. Clinical and epidemiologic features of 1,383 infections","volume":"79","author":"D Raoult","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1086\/380798","article-title":"Effect of sex on <italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/italic> infection: protective role of 17 beta-estradiol","volume":"189","author":"M Leone","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.47.2.164","article-title":"Pattern of Lyme arthritis in Europe: report of 14 cases","volume":"47","author":"JP Huaux","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-006-5013-z","article-title":"Serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), its soluble receptor sIL-1RII and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with Lyme arthritis","volume":"34","author":"A Pietruczuk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/003655401300077225","article-title":"Follow-up of patients treated with oral doxycycline for Lyme neuroborreliosis","volume":"33","author":"K Karkkonen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.6.2254-2260.2001","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu lato strains in an area of Italy where Lyme borreliosis is endemic","volume":"39","author":"L Ciceroni","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0064110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T04:13:12Z","timestamp":1588997592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0064110"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ronald Mark","family":"Wooten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0064110","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]]}}}