{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:07:49Z","timestamp":1791266869528,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]],"date-time":"2013-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370822400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]],"date-time":"2013-06-10T17:07:21Z","timestamp":1370884041000},"page":"e64971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Inflammatory Proteins in Plasma Are Associated with Severity of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rufina","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petroula","family":"Proitsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Lunnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"G\u00fcntert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Kronenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Tsolaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Mecocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Kloszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Vellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilkka","family":"Soininen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars-Olaf","family":"Wahlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Lovestone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100005618","article-title":"Biological markers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"P Bailey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1586\/14789450.4.2.227","article-title":"Proteomics of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: understanding mechanisms and seeking biomarkers","volume":"4","author":"S Lovestone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Proteomics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256398","article-title":"Blood-based protein biomarkers for diagnosis and classification of neurodegenerative diseases: current progress and clinical potential","volume":"15","author":"C Noelker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00094-4","article-title":"Microglia, amyloid and dementia in alzheimer disease. A correlative study","volume":"21","author":"YM Arends","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2176","article-title":"Biomarkers of neurodegeneration for diagnosis and monitoring therapeutics","volume":"6","author":"LM Shaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2262011600","article-title":"Neuroimaging and early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease: a look to the future","volume":"226","author":"JR Petrella","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00124-X","article-title":"Inflammation and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2005-8406","article-title":"Potential inflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"RE Mrak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.03.007","article-title":"Role of complement in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation","volume":"44","author":"DM Bonifati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(96)00108-X","article-title":"The role of complement and activated microglia in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"P Eikelenboom","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(89)90115-X","article-title":"Relationship of microglia and astrocytes to amyloid deposits of Alzheimer disease","volume":"24","author":"S Itagaki","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198911000-00009","article-title":"A4 protein in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: primary and secondary cellular events in extracellular amyloid deposition","volume":"48","author":"JM Rozemuller","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-006-0575-6","article-title":"The significance of neuroinflammation in understanding Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"113","author":"P Eikelenboom","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00090-8","article-title":"Immune reactive cells in senile plaques and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"AK Vehmas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.470S","article-title":"Inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"83","author":"WS Griffin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1653","article-title":"Classification and prediction of clinical Alzheimer\u2019s diagnosis based on plasma signaling proteins","volume":"13","author":"S Ray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1070","article-title":"Plasma biomarkers associated with the apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer disease","volume":"69","author":"HD Soares","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1282","article-title":"Blood-based protein biomarkers for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease","volume":"69","author":"JD Doecke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05064.x","article-title":"AddNeuroMed\u2013the European collaboration for the discovery of novel biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1180","author":"S Lovestone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05063.x","article-title":"MRI measures of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and the AddNeuroMed study","volume":"1180","author":"A Simmons","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21049","article-title":"The Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): MRI methods","volume":"27","author":"CR Jack Jr","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2491","article-title":"The AddNeuroMed framework for multi-centre MRI assessment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: experience from the first 24 months","volume":"26","author":"A Simmons","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92890-R","article-title":"Detection in life of confirmed Alzheimer\u2019s disease using a simple measurement of medial temporal lobe atrophy by computed tomography","volume":"340","author":"KA Jobst","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/33117326","article-title":"Role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of dementia","volume":"2","author":"JT O\u2019Brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Radiol 80 Spec No"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1153","article-title":"Medial temporal lobe atrophy on MRI in dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"52","author":"R Barber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(02)00002-9","article-title":"Structural magnetic resonance imaging in the practical assessment of dementia: beyond exclusion","volume":"1","author":"P Scheltens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830190418","article-title":"On the cellular source and function of interleukin 6 produced in the central nervous system in viral diseases","volume":"19","author":"K Frei","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91698-R","article-title":"Synthetic Alzheimer amyloid beta\/A4 peptides enhance production of complement C3 component by cultured microglial cells","volume":"601","author":"S Haga","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1997.tb02375.x","article-title":"Identification of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in senile plaques and reactive microglia of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"K Ishizuka","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.425","article-title":"Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a review of 17 epidemiologic studies","volume":"47","author":"PL McGeer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00188-X","article-title":"Proinflammatory profile of cytokine production by human monocytes and murine microglia stimulated with beta-amyloid[25\u201335]","volume":"93","author":"L Meda","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90981-E","article-title":"Characterization of interleukin-1 production by microglia in culture","volume":"591","author":"J Yao","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00780-X","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s beta-amyloid peptides induce inflammatory cascade in human vascular cells: the roles of cytokines and CD40","volume":"807","author":"Z Suo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00276-7","article-title":"Inflammatory factors are elevated in brain microvessels in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"P Grammas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(95)00011-9","article-title":"The inflammatory response system of brain: implications for therapy of Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"21","author":"PL McGeer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19980401)52:1<7::AID-JNR2>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Involvement of cytokines in normal CNS development and neurological diseases: recent progress and perspectives","volume":"52","author":"B Zhao","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soares HD, Potter WZ, Pickering E, Kuhn M, Immermann FW, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2012) Plasma Biomarkers Associated With the Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Alzheimer Disease. Arch Neurol: 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1070"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)02088-9","article-title":"Cytokine-induced sickness behaviour: mechanisms and implications","volume":"25","author":"JP Konsman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1159\/000071472","article-title":"Entry of blood-borne cytokines into the central nervous system: effects on cognitive processes","volume":"10","author":"WA Banks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2004.01.004","article-title":"The influence of systemic inflammation on inflammation in the brain: implications for chronic neurodegenerative disease","volume":"18","author":"VH Perry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3111","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003111","article-title":"Identification of a 5-protein biomarker molecular signature for predicting Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"3","author":"M Gomez Ravetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317506289260","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory markers and risk of dementia","volume":"21","author":"T Dziedzic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.05.071","article-title":"Granulocyte colony stimulating factor decreases brain amyloid burden and reverses cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s mice","volume":"163","author":"J Sanchez-Ramos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-1017","article-title":"Decreased plasma levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"C Laske","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0064971","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T22:00:13Z","timestamp":1588975213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0064971"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ashley I.","family":"Bush","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0064971","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]]}}}