{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T23:33:44Z","timestamp":1781134424621,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]],"date-time":"2013-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]],"date-time":"2013-06-12T21:05:34Z","timestamp":1371071134000},"page":"e66507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antibody Responses in Humans Infected with Newly Emerging Strains of West Nile Virus in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Chabierski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo R.","family":"Makert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kerzhner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Barzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Fiebig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe G.","family":"Liebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin M.","family":"Richner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Niedrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Pal\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ulbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289b","article-title":"Virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of West Nile virus disease","volume":"11","author":"EB Hayes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010039","article-title":"West Nile virus and its emergence in the United States of America","volume":"4","author":"KO Murray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barzon L, Franchin E, Squarzon L, Lavezzo E, Toppo S, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2009) Genome sequence analysis of the first human West Nile virus isolated in Italy in 2009. Euro Surveill;14.","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.44.19384-en"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Sirbu A, Ceianu CS, Panculescu-Gatej RI, Vazquez A, Tenorio A, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2010) Outbreak of West Nile virus infection in humans, Romania, July to October 2010. Euro Surveill 2011;16"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barzon L, Pacenti M, Franchin E, Lavezzo E, Martello T, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2012) New endemic West Nile virus lineage 1a in northern Italy, July 2012. Euro Surveill : 17.","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.31.20231-en"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.59","article-title":"West Nile virus infections in Greece: an update","volume":"10","author":"A Papa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110525","article-title":"Outbreak of West Nile virus infection in Greece, 2010","volume":"17","author":"K Danis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Gubler DJ, Kuno G, Markoff L (2007) Flaviviruses. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM. Fields Virology, ed., Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: 1155\u20131252."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"13","article-title":"A structural perspective of the flavivirus life cycle","volume":"Microbiol3","author":"S Mukhopadhyay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1449","article-title":"Complete genome sequences and phylogenetic analysis of West Nile virus strains isolated from the United States, Europe, and the Middle East","volume":"298","author":"RS Lanciotti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E541","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12001","article-title":"Novel West Nile virus lineage 1a full genome sequences from human cases of infection in north-eastern Italy, 2011","volume":"18","author":"L Barzon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.02.018","article-title":"Evidence of West Nile virus lineage 2 circulation in Northern Italy","volume":"17","author":"G Savini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"E545","article-title":"Circulation of West Nile virus lineage 1 and 2 during an outbreak in Italy. Clin Microbiol Infect","volume":"18","author":"F Magurano","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03438.x","article-title":"Detection of West Nile virus lineage 2 in mosquitoes during a human outbreak in Greece","volume":"17","author":"A Papa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.2741\/3432","article-title":"The host immunologic response to West Nile encephalitis virus","volume":"14","author":"MS Diamond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.4.2578-2586.2003","article-title":"B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus","volume":"77","author":"MS Diamond","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031223","article-title":"A critical role for induced IgM in the protection against West Nile virus infection","volume":"198","author":"MS Diamond","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22180","article-title":"Acute West Nile virus neuroinvasive infections: cross-reactivity with dengue virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus","volume":"83","author":"A Papa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-72","article-title":"First international diagnostic accuracy study for the serological detection of West Nile virus infection","volume":"7","author":"M Niedrig","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"16","article-title":"Recent progress in West Nile virus diagnosis and vaccination. Vet Res","volume":"43","author":"M De Filette","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1563","article-title":"The memory T cell response to West Nile virus in symptomatic humans following natural infection is not influenced by age and is dominated by a restricted set of CD8+ T cell epitopes. J Immunol","volume":"181","author":"R Parsons","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6982","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00551-06","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of human monoclonal antibodies from individuals infected with West Nile Virus","volume":"80","author":"M Throsby","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.07.020","article-title":"A novel computer algorithm improves antibody epitope prediction using affinity-selected mimotopes: a case study using monoclonal antibodies against the West Nile virus E protein","volume":"46","author":"GF Denisova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"FLAVIdB: A data mining system for knowledge discovery in flaviviruses with direct applications in immunology and vaccinology","volume":"7","author":"LR Olsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunome Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.034900-0","article-title":"Comprehensive mapping of West Nile virus (WNV)- and Japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex-specific linear B-cell epitopes from WNV non-structural protein 1","volume":"93","author":"EC Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31434","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031434","article-title":"Comprehensive mapping of common immunodominant epitopes in the West Nile virus nonstructural protein 1 recognized by avian antibody responses","volume":"7","author":"E Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.08.008","article-title":"Induction of virus-specific neutralizing immune response against West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses by chimeric peptides representing T-helper and B-cell epitopes","volume":"163","author":"RS Gangwar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1086\/523654","article-title":"Antibodies targeting linear determinants of the envelope protein protect mice against West Nile virus","volume":"196","author":"M Ledizet","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11828","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00643-07","article-title":"Induction of epitope-specific neutralizing antibodies against West Nile virus","volume":"81","author":"T Oliphant","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2009.245","article-title":"Structural basis for the preferential recognition of immature flaviviruses by a fusion-loop antibody","volume":"28","author":"MV Cherrier","year":"2009","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6494","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00286-09","article-title":"Human monoclonal antibodies against West Nile virus induced by natural infection neutralize at a postattachment step","volume":"83","author":"MR Vogt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19508","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.10.19508-en","article-title":"West Nile virus in Europe: understanding the present to gauge the future","volume":"15","author":"P Reiter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2010.0006","article-title":"Meta-analysis of all immune epitope data in the Flavivirus genus: inventory of current immune epitope data status in the context of virus immunity and immunopathology","volume":"23","author":"K Vaughan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-1014-z","article-title":"Development time of IgG antibodies to West Nile virus","volume":"156","author":"A Papa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-283","article-title":"West Nile alternative open reading frame (N-NS4B\/WARF4) is produced in infected West Nile Virus (WNV) cells and induces humoral response in WNV infected individuals","volume":"9","author":"G Faggioni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virol J 22"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22948","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022948","article-title":"Association between HLA class I and class II alleles and the outcome of West Nile virus infection: an exploratory study","volume":"6","author":"MC Lanteri","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4040","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.9.4040-4047.2001","article-title":"West Nile virus recombinant DNA vaccine protects mouse and horse from virus challenge and expresses in vitro a noninfectious recombinant antigen that can be used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays","volume":"75","author":"BS Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1185181","article-title":"Cross-reacting antibodies enhance dengue virus infection in humans","volume":"328","author":"W Dejnirattisai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.08.007","article-title":"The human immune response to Dengue virus is dominated by highly cross-reactive antibodies endowed with neutralizing and enhancing activity","volume":"8","author":"M Beltramello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1188","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001188","article-title":"In-depth analysis of the antibody response of individuals exposed to primary dengue virus infection","volume":"5","author":"R de Alwis","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00515-1","article-title":"Immune response to synthetic peptides of dengue prM protein","volume":"20","author":"S V\u00e1zquez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"212","article-title":"The structural immunology of antibody protection against West Nile virus. Immunol Rev","volume":"225","author":"MS Diamond","year":"2008","journal-title":"2008 Oct"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13097","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.24.13097-13100.2002","article-title":"Identification of neutralizing epitopes within structural domain III of the West Nile virus envelope protein","volume":"76","author":"DW Beasley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"522","article-title":"Development of a humanized monoclonal antibody with therapeutic potential against West Nile virus. Nature Med","volume":"11","author":"T Oliphant","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12149","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01732-06","article-title":"Antibody recognition and neutralization determinants on domains I and II of West Nile Virus envelope protein","volume":"80","author":"T Oliphant","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11567","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05859-11","article-title":"Poorly neutralizing cross-reactive antibodies against the fusion loop of West Nile virus envelope protein protect in vivo via Fcgamma receptor and complement-dependent effector mechanisms","volume":"85","author":"MR Vogt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"141","key":"ref47","first-page":"133","article-title":"T7 phage display of Ep15 peptide for the detection of WNV IgG","volume":"Methods","author":"S Herrmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18950","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011036107","article-title":"Neutralization of West Nile virus by cross-linking of its surface proteins with Fab fragments of the human monoclonal antibody CR4354","volume":"107","author":"B Kaufmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7439","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200566109","article-title":"Identification of human neutralizing antibodies that bind to complex epitopes on dengue virions","volume":"109","author":"R de Alwis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"139ra83","article-title":"The structural basis for serotype-specific neutralization of dengue virus by a human antibody","volume":"4","author":"EP Teoh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0066507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:08:59Z","timestamp":1645747739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0066507"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"P\u00f6hlmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0066507","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]]}}}