{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T18:04:10Z","timestamp":1783533850597,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371600000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T17:39:25Z","timestamp":1371663565000},"page":"e67122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["\u03b2-Blockers and All-Cause Mortality in Adults with Episodes of Acute Bronchitis: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Frans H.","family":"Rutten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf H. H.","family":"Groenwold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred P. E.","family":"Sachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diederick E.","family":"Grobbee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arno W.","family":"Hoes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Wark P (2011) Acute bronchitis. Clin Evid Pii; 1508."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-12-200012190-00014","article-title":"Uncomplicated acute bronchitis","volume":"133","author":"R Gonzales","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7170.1433","article-title":"Acute bronchitis and clinical outcome three years later: prospective cohort study","volume":"317","author":"JS Jonsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmm023","article-title":"Is co-morbidity taken into account in the antibiotic management of elderly patients with acute bronchitis and COPD exacerbations","volume":"24","author":"J Bont","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00167-9","article-title":"Antibiotics in acute bronchitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"S Bent","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Smucny J, Fahey T, Becker L, Glazier R (2004) Antibiotics for acute bronchitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD000245."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7135.906","article-title":"Quantitative systematic review of randomised controlled trials comparing antibiotic with placebo for acute cough in adults","volume":"316","author":"T Fahey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(08)80072-8","article-title":"Acute bronchitis in the community: clinical features, infective factors, changes in pulmonary function and bronchial reactivity to histamine","volume":"84","author":"DA Boldy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90275-L","article-title":"Prospective study of aetiology and outcome of adult lower-respiratory-tract infections in the community","volume":"341","author":"JT Macfarlane","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7115.1060","article-title":"Acute viral infections of upper respiratory tract in elderly people living in the community: comparative, prospective, population based study of disease burden","volume":"315","author":"KG Nicholson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07071239","article-title":"Reversible airflow limitation in adults with respiratory infection","volume":"7","author":"H Melbye","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"251","article-title":"Pulmonary function tests in acute bronchitis: evidence for reversible airway obstruction","volume":"25","author":"HA Williamson Jr","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"568","article-title":"Recurrent acute bronchitis: the association with undiagnosed bronchial asthma","volume":"55","author":"JS Hallett","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.112","article-title":"Beta-blockers may reduce mortality and risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"170","author":"FH Rutten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d2549","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d2549","article-title":"Effect of beta blockers in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"342","author":"PM Short","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00106406","article-title":"Statin use is associated with reduced mortality in COPD","volume":"29","author":"V Soyseth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.04.039","article-title":"Reduction of morbidity and mortality by statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"47","author":"GB Mancini","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.081893","article-title":"Use of beta blockers and the risk of death in hospitalised patients with acute exacerbations of COPD","volume":"63","author":"MT Dransfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/atc_ddd_index\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/atc_ddd_index<\/ext-link>.Accessed: October 2012 Nov 4."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"ICPC-2. International Classification of Primary Care. 2<sup>nd<\/sup> ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1998."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-8_Part_2-199710151-00064","article-title":"Estimating causal effects from large data sets using propensity scores","volume":"127","author":"DB Rubin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.07.043","article-title":"Beta-blockers as single-agent therapy for hypertension and the risk of mortality among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"117","author":"DH Au","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-12-48","article-title":"Beta-blocker use and COPD mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"M Etminan","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.286","article-title":"Statins for the prevention and treatment of infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"IM Tleyjeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2007.06.003","article-title":"Changes in beta 2-adrenoceptor and other signaling proteins produced by chronic administration of \u2018beta-blockers\u2019 in a murine asthma model","volume":"21","author":"R Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.01.010","article-title":"Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An ignored combination","volume":"8","author":"FH Rutten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7116.1151","article-title":"Confounding and indications for treatment in evaluation of drug treatment for hypertension","volume":"315","author":"DE Grobbee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.02.011","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of unobserved confounding is mandatory in nonrandomized intervention studies","volume":"62","author":"RH Groenwold","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201012-2082OC","article-title":"Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Disease in the California Teachers Study Cohort","volume":"184","author":"MJ Lipsett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e328349683d","article-title":"Tobacco smoke and cardiovascular risk: a call for continued efforts to reduce exposure","volume":"26","author":"P Frey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2011.05.007","article-title":"Extreme air pollution events from bushfires and dust storms and their association with mortality in Sydney, Australia 1994\u20132007","volume":"111","author":"F Johnston","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31818809e0","article-title":"Desert dust: an unrecognized source of dangerous air pollution","volume":"19","author":"T Sandstrom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singanayagam A, Singanayagam A, Elder DH, Chalmers JD (2012) Is community acquired pneumonia an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease? Eur Respir J 39; 187\u201396.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00049111"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.12.006","article-title":"Infectious atherosclerosis: is the hypothesis still alive? A clinically based approach to the dilemma","volume":"76","author":"CL Alviar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0067122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T02:24:12Z","timestamp":1540002252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0067122"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Antony","family":"Bayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0067122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]]}}}