{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T15:28:31Z","timestamp":1782142111704,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]],"date-time":"2013-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371168000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]],"date-time":"2013-06-14T21:43:27Z","timestamp":1371246207000},"page":"e67658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Probucol Increases Striatal Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Protects against 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Pro-Oxidative Damage in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dirleise","family":"Colle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan\u00fabia Bonfanti","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Montagna","family":"Hartwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Antunes","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Teixeira","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Appel","family":"Hort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-5-40","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s disease: a clinical review","volume":"5","author":"RA Roos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199805000-00001","article-title":"Huntington disease","volume":"57","author":"JP Vonsattel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00310376","article-title":"Cortical and striatal neurone number in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"88","author":"H Heinsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1427.008","article-title":"Evidence of oxidant damage in Huntington\u2019s disease: translational strategies using antioxidants","volume":"1147","author":"EC Stack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.2061","article-title":"Oxidative damage in Huntington\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"SE Browne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.05.093","article-title":"Increased oxidative damage and mitochondrial abnormalities in the peripheral blood of Huntington\u2019s disease patients","volume":"359","author":"CM Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15020878","article-title":"3-Nitropropionic acid as a tool to study the mechanisms involved in Huntington\u2019s disease: past, present and future","volume":"15","author":"I T\u00fanez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.10.013","article-title":"Possible role of sertraline against 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in rat brain","volume":"33","author":"P Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2007.00485.x","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase inhibition attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats: possible antioxidant mechanisms","volume":"21","author":"P Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"135","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic deficits, and increased oxidative stress in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"CM Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06074.x","article-title":"Combination therapy with coenzyme Q10 and creatine produces additive neuroprotective effects in models of Parkinson\u2019s and Huntington\u2019s diseases","volume":"109","author":"L Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.09.002","article-title":"Effect of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E on brain energy metabolism in the animal model of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"48","author":"S Kasparov\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.002","article-title":"Where are we with probucol: a new life for an old drug?","volume":"207","author":"S Yamashita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.E610","article-title":"Long-term probucol treatment prevents secondary cardiovascular events: a cohort study of patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in Japan","volume":"15","author":"S Yamashita","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200202050-00005","article-title":"Prevention of restenosis with antioxidants: mechanisms and implications","volume":"2","author":"JC Tardif","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1994.tb01073.x","article-title":"The effect of probucol and vitamin E treatment on the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein and forearm vascular responses in humans","volume":"24","author":"IF McDowell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000047525.58618.3C","article-title":"Effects of AGI-1067 and probucol after percutaneous coronary interventions","volume":"107","author":"JC Tardif","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp219","article-title":"Probucol increases glutathione peroxidase-1 activity and displays long-lasting protection against methylmercury toxicity in cerebellar granule cells","volume":"112","author":"M Farina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.11.036","article-title":"Probucol, a lipid-lowering drug, prevents cognitive and hippocampal synaptic impairments induced by amyloid beta peptide in mice","volume":"233","author":"DB Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.01.003","article-title":"Probucol modulates oxidative stress and excitotoxicity in Huntington\u2019s disease models in vitro","volume":"87","author":"D Colle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2013.01.005","article-title":"Succinobucol versus probucol: Higher efficiency of succinobucol in mitigating 3-NP-induced brain mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in vitro","volume":"13","author":"D Colle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1021\/tx7002323","article-title":"Mercurial-induced hydrogen peroxide generation in mouse brain mitochondria: protective effects of quercetin","volume":"20","author":"JL Franco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.013","article-title":"Methylmercury neurotoxicity is associated with inhibition of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase","volume":"47","author":"JL Franco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2004.06.008","article-title":"S-Allylcysteine, a garlic-derived antioxidant, ameliorates quinolinic acid-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative damage in rats","volume":"45","author":"F P\u00e9rez-Severiano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01857.x","article-title":"Protective effects of the antioxidant selenium on quinolinic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"86","author":"A Santamar\u00eda","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.05.014","article-title":"Proteomic and oxidative stress analysis in human brain samples of Huntington disease","volume":"45","author":"MA Sorolla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.09.003","article-title":"Trolox ameliorates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats","volume":"32","author":"A Al Mutairy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2005.06.024","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of nicotine against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced experimental Huntington\u2019s disease in rats","volume":"67","author":"M Tariq","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(73)80065-X","article-title":"Tests for emotionality in rats and mice: a review","volume":"21","author":"J Archer","year":"1973","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2010.01124.x","article-title":"Central nervous system activity of the proanthocyanidin-rich fraction obtained from Croton celtidifolius in rats","volume":"62","author":"EL Moreira","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq036","article-title":"A possible neuroprotective action of a vinylic telluride against Mn-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"115","author":"DS Avila","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(85)13062-4","article-title":"Glutathione reductase","volume":"113","author":"I Carlberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(81)77046-0","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase","volume":"77","author":"A Wendel","year":"1981","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)45228-9","article-title":"The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase","volume":"247","author":"HP Misra","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03751.x","article-title":"Heterogeneity of erythrocyte catalase II. Isolation and characterization of normal and variant erythrocyte catalase and their subunits","volume":"48","author":"H Aebi","year":"1974","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90326-2","article-title":"A fluorometric method for determination of oxidized and reduced glutathione in tissues","volume":"74","author":"PJ Hissin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2005.05.002","article-title":"Mitochondrial energy metabolism is markedly impaired by D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in rat tissues","volume":"86","author":"A Latini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(85)90135-4","article-title":"Differential investigation of the capacity of succinate oxidation in human skeletal muscle","volume":"153","author":"JC Fischer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"OH Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(10)70238-3","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s disease: pathogenesis to animal models","volume":"62","author":"P Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03167071","article-title":"Effect of red wine on oxidative stress and hypercholesterolemia induced by feeding a high-cholesterol diet in rat","volume":"60","author":"P Montilla","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01418.x","article-title":"Role of LOX\/COX pathways in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington\u2019s disease-like symptoms in rats: protective effect of licofelone","volume":"164","author":"P Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.04.058","article-title":"Protective effect of rivastigmine against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington\u2019s disease like symptoms: possible behavioural, biochemical and cellular alterations","volume":"615","author":"P Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-299X(96)00037-2","article-title":"Hyperactivity and hypoactivity in a rat model of Huntington\u2019s disease: the systemic 3-nitropropionic acid model","volume":"1","author":"CV Borlongan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Protoc"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(96)00027-9","article-title":"3-Nitropropionic acid animal model and Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"CV Borlongan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06672.x","article-title":"Differential vulnerability of neurons in Huntington\u2019s disease: the role of cell type-specific features","volume":"113","author":"I Han","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65031184.x","article-title":"Selective inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of GABAergic neurons with 3-nitropropionic acid in vivo","volume":"65","author":"B Hassel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1159\/000334273","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine reverses mitochondrial dysfunctions and behavioral abnormalities in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"R Sandhir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00499.x","article-title":"Chronically administered 3-nitropropionic acid produces selective lesions in the striatum and reduces muscle tonus","volume":"3","author":"Y Shimano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.09.013","article-title":"Discriminative behavioral assessment unveils remarkable reactive astrocytosis and early molecular correlates in basal ganglia of 3-nitropropionic acid subchronic treated rats","volume":"56","author":"G Cirillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI45691","article-title":"Energy deficit in Huntington disease: why it matters","volume":"121","author":"F Mochel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2009","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutical targets in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"90","author":"C Zuccato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02326-6","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 and remacemide hydrochloride ameliorate motor deficits in a Huntington\u2019s disease transgenic mouse model","volume":"315","author":"G Schilling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22408","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of high-dosage coenzyme Q10 in Huntington\u2019s disease and healthy subjects","volume":"25","author":"HC Hyson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.9.1137","article-title":"Heat shock protein 27 prevents cellular polyglutamine toxicity and suppresses the increase of reactive oxygen species caused by huntingtin","volume":"11","author":"A Wyttenbach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390317","article-title":"Mitochondrial defect in Huntington\u2019s disease caudate nucleus","volume":"39","author":"M Gu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02082-5","article-title":"Striatal oxidative damage parallels the expression of a neurological phenotype in mice transgenic for the mutation of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"862","author":"F P\u00e9rez-Severiano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200001)47:1<80::AID-ANA13>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical damage in the Huntington R6\/2 transgenic mouse","volume":"47","author":"SJ Tabrizi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03070.x","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"93","author":"N Stoy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.10.029","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats: possible neuroprotective mechanisms","volume":"674","author":"DK Bhateja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.22","article-title":"Complex II inhibition by 3-NP causes mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal cell death via an NMDA- and ROS-dependent pathway","volume":"16","author":"G Liot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010911417383","article-title":"Comparative analysis of superoxide dismutase activity between acute pharmacological models and a transgenic mouse model of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"A Santamar\u00eda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3573-0_6","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of superoxide production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain","volume":"748","author":"S Dr\u00f6se","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.04.006","article-title":"Valeriana officinalis attenuates the rotenone-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"37C","author":"JH Sudati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.018","article-title":"Regulation of superoxide dismutase genes: implications in disease","volume":"47","author":"L Miao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3586","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase-1 in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities","volume":"15","author":"E Lubos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2003.059","article-title":"Glutathione pathways in the brain","volume":"384","author":"R Dringen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-01-00001.2000","article-title":"Mice deficient in cellular glutathione peroxidase show increased vulnerability to malonate, 3-nitropropionic acid, and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine","volume":"20","author":"P Klivenyi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44512","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.307587","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo aggregation of a fragment of huntingtin protein directly causes free radical production","volume":"286","author":"S Hands","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.3.5.13107","article-title":"Probucol attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative apoptosis, p53 and Bax signal expression in rat cardiac tissues","volume":"3","author":"YA Asiri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7266","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15107266","article-title":"The Nrf2 system as a potential target for the development of indirect antioxidants","volume":"15","author":"KA Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.12.054","article-title":"Probucol and atorvastatin in combination protect rat brains in MCAO model: upregulating Peroxiredoxin2, Foxo3a and Nrf2 expression","volume":"509","author":"Y Du","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.07.007","article-title":"Potential neuroprotective effects of hesperidin on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats","volume":"33","author":"ET Menze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410366481","article-title":"Nitric oxide signaling in brain function, dysfunction, and dementia","volume":"16","author":"JR Steinert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.07.060","article-title":"Naringin modulates oxidative stress and inflammation in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurodegeneration through the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 signalling pathway","volume":"227","author":"K Gopinath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"244","article-title":"Endogenous dopamine enhances the neurotoxicity of 3-nitropropionic acid in the striatum through the increase of mitochondrial respiratory inhibition and free radicals production","volume":"29","author":"RF Villar\u00e1n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.112.192138","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"342","author":"A Johri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0067658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T11:59:58Z","timestamp":1715515198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0067658"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sergio\u00a0T.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0067658","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]]}}}