{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T08:33:50Z","timestamp":1789893230988,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372982400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T17:16:14Z","timestamp":1373044574000},"page":"e68145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Follicular Helper T Cells (Tfh) and IL-21 Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Bullous Pemphigoid"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Qiuju","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erle","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2001.tb00055.x","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid: end of the century overview","volume":"28","author":"Z Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2007.00033.x","article-title":"Immunopathology and molecular diagnosis of autoimmune bullous diseases","volume":"11","author":"S Mihai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000131452","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid and related subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases","volume":"10","author":"EB Olasz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Dir Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12338088","article-title":"A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of circulating anti-BP180 autoantibodies in patients with bullous pemphigoid","volume":"109","author":"D Zillikens","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-007-0030-y","article-title":"The pathophysiology of bullous pemphigoid","volume":"33","author":"M Kasperkiewicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1496","article-title":"Humanization of autoantigen","volume":"13","author":"W Nishie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-007-0790-5","article-title":"Experimental models for the autoimmune and inflammatory blistering disease, Bullous pemphigoid","volume":"299","author":"L Leighty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2005.00367.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of blister induction by autoantibodies","volume":"14","author":"C Sitaru","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.2.174","article-title":"Serum levels of autoantibodies to BP180 correlate with disease activity in patients with bullous pemphigoid","volume":"136","author":"E Schmidt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2004.10.007","article-title":"Correlation of clinical severity and ELISA indices for the NC16A domain of BP180 measured using BP180 ELISA kit in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"37","author":"Y Tsuji-Abe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.03.003","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells: lineage and location","volume":"30","author":"N Fazilleau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.012","article-title":"Human blood CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells are counterparts of T follicular cells and contain specific subsets that differentially support antibody secretion","volume":"34","author":"R Morita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-009-0194-z","article-title":"Signals that influence T follicular helper cell differentiation and function","volume":"32","author":"MA Linterman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxp112","article-title":"IL-21 and T follicular helper cells","volume":"22","author":"R Spolski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5886","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.9.5886","article-title":"Essential role of IL-21 in B cell activation, expansion, and plasma cell generation during CD4+ T cell-B cell collaboration","volume":"179","author":"S Kuchen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14028","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804358105","article-title":"IL-21 signaling is critical for the development of type I diabetes in the NOD mouse","volume":"105","author":"R Spolski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090316","article-title":"Interleukin-21: basic biology and implications for cancer and autoimmunity","volume":"26","author":"R Spolski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081886","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells are required for systemic autoimmunity","volume":"206","author":"MA Linterman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.07.001","article-title":"The elusive identity of T follicular helper cells","volume":"31","author":"D Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"827480","article-title":"Increased frequency of circulating follicular helper T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2012","author":"J Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.04.133","article-title":"Role of the frequency of blood CD4(+) CXCR5(+) CCR6(+) T cells in autoimmunity in patients with Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"422","author":"XY Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.05.010","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells as cognate regulators of B cell immunity","volume":"21","author":"LJ McHeyzer-Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.07.002","article-title":"The transcriptional repressor Bcl-6 directs T follicular helper cell lineage commitment","volume":"31","author":"D Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136736","article-title":"Imaging of germinal center selection events during affinity maturation","volume":"315","author":"CD Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1992.tb00635.x","article-title":"Maturation and dispersal of B-cell clones during T cell-dependent antibody responses","volume":"126","author":"IC MacLennan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.09.013","article-title":"Lineage specification and heterogeneity of T follicular helper cells","volume":"21","author":"D Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25032","article-title":"Expansion of circulating T cells resembling follicular helper T cells is a fixed phenotype that identifies a subset of severe systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"62","author":"N Simpson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Expression and function of the co-stimulator H4\/ICOS on activated T cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"30","author":"T Okamoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101400","article-title":"Follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH)","volume":"29","author":"S Crotty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2644","article-title":"New insights into the differentiation and function of T follicular helper cells","volume":"9","author":"C King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.09.001","article-title":"Altered expression of chemokine receptor CXCR5 on T cells of myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"170","author":"R Saito","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807309106","article-title":"A critical role for IL-21 receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus in BXSB-Yaa mice","volume":"106","author":"JA Bubier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319301","article-title":"Abnormal germinal center reactions in systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrated by blockade of CD154-CD40 interactions","volume":"112","author":"AC Grammer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3822","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.6.3822","article-title":"IL-21 has a pathogenic role in a lupus-prone mouse model and its blockade with IL-21R.Fc reduces disease progression","volume":"178","author":"D Herber","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22452","article-title":"Blockade of the interleukin-21\/interleukin-21 receptor pathway ameliorates disease in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"56","author":"DA Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.3.1421","article-title":"B7RP-1 blockade ameliorates autoimmunity through regulation of follicular helper T cells","volume":"182","author":"YL Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Schmidt E, Zillikens D (2000) Autoimmune and inherited subepidermal blistering diseases: advances in the clinic and the laboratory. Adv Dermatol 16: 113\u2013157, 158."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.3.350","article-title":"Pemphigoid: clinical, histologic, immunopathologic, and therapeutic considerations","volume":"284","author":"KB Yancey","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.12","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid: a prototypical antibody-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disease","volume":"129","author":"C Sitaru","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2010.496503","article-title":"T cell help to B cells in germinal centers: putting the jigsaw together","volume":"29","author":"U Gowthaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E22","DOI":"10.1038\/skinbio.2008.4","article-title":"Pathophysiology of autoimmune bullous diseases","volume":"128","author":"Z Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2004.10.007","article-title":"Correlation of clinical severity and ELISA indices for the NC16A domain of BP180 measured using BP180 ELISA kit in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"37","author":"Y Tsuji-Abe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T04:48:52Z","timestamp":1563338932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068145"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dat Quoc","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068145","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]]}}}