{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:57:36Z","timestamp":1791158256308,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374105600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T22:55:14Z","timestamp":1374188114000},"page":"e68825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Epidemiology of HIV and HSV-2 Infections among Women Participating in Microbicide and Vaccine Feasibility Studies in Northern Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Saidi H.","family":"Kapiga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona M.","family":"Ewings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Chilongani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aika","family":"Mongi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Baisley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanna","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aura","family":"Andreasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramadhan","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Watson-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Changalucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"WHO UNAIDS and UNICEF (2011) Epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal access. Progress report."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Tanzania and ORC Macro (2004) Tanzania demographic and health survey. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS), Zanzibar AIDS Commission (ZAC), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Office of the Chief Government Statistician and Macro International Inc (2007) Tanzania HIV\/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32831ef523","article-title":"Risk factors for HIV incidence in women participating in an HSV suppressive treatment trial in Tanzania","volume":"23","author":"D Watson-Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10661","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010661","article-title":"Are women who work in bars, guesthouses and similar facilities a suitable study population for vaginal microbicide trials in Africa?","volume":"5","author":"A Vallely","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1086\/513566","article-title":"The role of herpes simplex virus type 2 and other genital infections in the acquisition of HIV-1 among high-risk women in northern Tanzania","volume":"195","author":"SH Kapiga","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.5.382","article-title":"Baseline survey of sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of female bar workers in Mbeya Region, Tanzania","volume":"79","author":"G Riedner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1086\/651483","article-title":"Preventing HIV infection in women: a global health imperative","volume":"50","author":"Q Abdool Karim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70235-X","article-title":"Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"HA Weiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000198081.09337.a7","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"20","author":"EE Freeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350140051025","article-title":"Detecting alcoholism. The CAGE questionnaire","volume":"252","author":"JA Ewing","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Babor T, Higgins-Biddle J, Saunders J, Monteiro M (2001) The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). Guidelines for use in primary care. Second edition."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1429-1435.2001","article-title":"Evaluation of the NucliSens Basic Kit for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in genital tract specimens using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification of 16S rRNA","volume":"39","author":"JB Mahony","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.2.297-301.1991","article-title":"Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation","volume":"29","author":"RP Nugent","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200204010-00013","article-title":"HIV-1 epidemic among female bar and hotel workers in northern Tanzania: risk factors and opportunities for prevention","volume":"29","author":"S Kapiga","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.4.307","article-title":"Variations of HIV and STI prevalences within communities neighbouring new goldmines in Tanzania: importance for intervention design","volume":"79","author":"S Clift","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31815b2d9c","article-title":"Risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV among women at high risk in northwestern Tanzania: preparing for an HSV-2 intervention trial","volume":"46","author":"D Watson-Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3180325120","article-title":"Microbicides development program, Tanzania-baseline characteristics of an occupational cohort and reattendance at 3 months","volume":"34","author":"A Vallely","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000626","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000626","article-title":"HIV incidence and prevalence among cohorts of women with higher risk behaviour in Bloemfontein and Rustenburg, South Africa: a prospective study","volume":"2","author":"PJ Feldblum","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932011000733","article-title":"Interaction between HIV awareness, knowledge, safe sex practice and HIV prevalence: evidence from Botswana","volume":"44","author":"R Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-006-0061-2","article-title":"Alcohol use and sexual risks for HIV\/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review of empirical findings","volume":"8","author":"SC Kalichman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000210616.90954.47","article-title":"Decline in sexually transmitted infection prevalence and HIV incidence in female barworkers attending prevention and care services in Mbeya Region, Tanzania","volume":"20","author":"G Riedner","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35278","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035278","article-title":"HIV incidence remains high in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: evidence from three districts","volume":"7","author":"A Nel","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-0043-7","article-title":"HIV incidence among non-pregnant women living in selected rural, semi-rural and urban areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"16","author":"G Ramjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1086\/510537","article-title":"Predictors of herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence and incidence among bar and hotel workers in Moshi, Tanzania","volume":"195","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31821a6225","article-title":"Factors associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 incidence in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seronegative Kenyan men and women reporting high-risk sexual behavior","volume":"38","author":"HS Okuku","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.036103","article-title":"A prospective study of risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition among high-risk HIV-1 seronegative women in Kenya","volume":"85","author":"V Chohan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31816fcaf8","article-title":"Risk factors for incident herpes simplex type 2 virus infection among women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic","volume":"35","author":"MF Gallo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199801000-00009","article-title":"The incidence of HIV infection among women using family planning methods in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"12","author":"SH Kapiga","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181f0bafb","article-title":"Performance of commercial herpes simplex virus type-2 antibody tests using serum samples from Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"S Biraro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"14","article-title":"Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations","volume":"74","author":"R Amsel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e3181e09621","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of bacterial vaginosis and other types of abnormal vaginal bacterial flora: a review","volume":"65","author":"G Donders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.794-803.2004","article-title":"Trichomoniasis","volume":"17","author":"JR Schwebke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068825","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T05:43:19Z","timestamp":1596174199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068825"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jason F.","family":"Okulicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068825","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]]}}}