{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:39:40Z","timestamp":1789987180873,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]],"date-time":"2013-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374796800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,27]],"date-time":"2013-07-27T05:17:34Z","timestamp":1374902254000},"page":"e68906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Methadone Maintenance Treatment Participant Retention and Behavioural Effectiveness in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric P. F.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxian","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2217\/hiv.09.4","article-title":"Current situation and trends of drug abuse and HIV\/AIDS in China","volume":"3","author":"B YanPing","year":"2009","journal-title":"HIV Therapy"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"China (2003) A Joint Assessment of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Treatment and Care in China","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"290","article-title":"Analysis of data AIDS sentinel surveillance from 1996 to 2003 in Guangxi province","volume":"12","author":"QY Zhu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin J Aids STDs"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"2007","article-title":"State Council AIDS Working Committee Office UN Theme Group on AIDS in China","year":"2007","journal-title":"A Jt Assess HIV\/AIDS Prevtreat Care China"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Analysis of data AIDS sentinel surveillance in Xinjiang province 2005 Endemic Disease Bulletin","author":"J Chen","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"270","article-title":"Analysis of HIV prevalence from 1997 to 2006 in Anshun City","volume":"14","author":"Q Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Aids STDs"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990701653867","article-title":"Societal perception and support for methadone maintenance treatment in a Chinese province with high HIV prevalence","volume":"34","author":"L Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abus"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181f3d3c1","article-title":"The next era of HIV in China: rapidly spreading epidemics among men who have sex with men","volume":"55","author":"EP Chow","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.014258","article-title":"Risk of HIV\/AIDS in China: subpopulations of special importance","volume":"81","author":"HZ Qian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3608","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003608","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of HCV monoinfection and HIV\/HCV coinfection in injection drug users in Liuzhou, Southern China","volume":"3","author":"Y Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21204","article-title":"The unique HCV genotype distribution and the discovery of a novel subtype 6u among IDUs co-infected with HIV-1 in Yunnan, China","volume":"80","author":"X Xia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008362","article-title":"Systematic review of HIV and HCV infection among drug users in China","volume":"20","author":"YP Bao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-137","article-title":"Multilevel analysis of HIV related risk behaviors among heroin users in a low prevalence community","volume":"9","author":"H Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"10","article-title":"Qualitative study of factors contributed to retention in a community-based methadone maintenance treatment among heroin users","volume":"18","author":"ZC Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Public Health Prev Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2006.00270.x","article-title":"Recent trends in drug abuse in China","volume":"27","author":"YX Fang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"2012","article-title":"China Mohtpsr","year":"2012","journal-title":"China Mohtpsr"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000304704.71917.64","article-title":"Effectiveness of first eight methadone maintenance treatment clinics in China","volume":"21","author":"L Pang","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000304706.79541.ef","article-title":"Evaluation of a needle social marketing strategy to control HIV among injecting drug users in China","volume":"21","author":"Z Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181614364","article-title":"Changes in the prevalence of HIV-related behaviors and perceptions among 1832 injecting drug users in Sichuan, China","volume":"35","author":"JTF Lau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.02.007","article-title":"An overview of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of opiate maintenance therapies: available evidence to inform clinical practice and research","volume":"28","author":"L Amato","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Subst Abus Treat"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v20n02_03","article-title":"Report of the Council on Scientific Affairs: methadone maintenance and needle-exchange programs to reduce the medical and public health consequences of drug abuse","volume":"20","author":"R Yoast","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addict Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002209.pub2","article-title":"Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence","volume":"3","author":"RP Mattick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"ii29","article-title":"Scaling up the national methadone maintenance treatment program in China: achievements and challenges","volume":"39","author":"W Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e234","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050234","article-title":"Health and human rights concerns of drug users in detention in Guangxi Province, China","volume":"5","author":"JE Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fds079","article-title":"Methadone maintenance treatment in China: perceived challenges from the perspectives of service providers and patients","volume":"35","author":"F Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"87","article-title":"Analysis of the survey on policeperson\u2019s knowledge on HIV\/AIDS and attitude and behavior toward harm reduction of drug using and the risk of professional exposure of HIV in Yunnan","volume":"22","author":"YG Bao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soft Science Health"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00157.x","article-title":"Predictors of early dropout in methadone maintenance treatment program in Yunnan province, China","volume":"29","author":"Y Che","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drugs Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1230","article-title":"Predictors of retention related factors at the initial methadone maintenance treatment clinics in Guangdong province","volume":"30","author":"A Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J of Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"142","article-title":"Analysis of hydrochloric acid Methadone Maintenance Treatment for Heroin Addicts","volume":"12","author":"C Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin Community Doctors"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"590","article-title":"Effectiveness evaluation of six-month community-based methadone maintenance treatment in Jiangsu Province","author":"GH Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Aids STDs"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"230","article-title":"Study on characteristics of social network among methadone maintenance treatment patients and retention situation","volume":"8","author":"Q Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Univ Med Nanjing (Soc Science)"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"250","article-title":"Factors associated with retention in a community-based methadone maintenance treatment among heroin addicts","volume":"41","author":"C Hao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2010.534124","article-title":"New community-based methadone maintenance treatment programs in Guangdong, China, and their impact on patient quality of life","volume":"46","author":"Q He","year":"2011","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"461","article-title":"An outcome assessment on methadone maintenance treatment in Youjiang district, Baise city","volume":"34","author":"YJ Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Youjiang Medical Univ Nationalities"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Effect on psychological and behavior intervention among drug users in methadone maintenance treatment. Jilin Medical Journal","author":"YK Huang","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"253","article-title":"Analysis of dose-effect relationship and compliance for methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"14","author":"W Jia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Abuse Prev Treat"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"362","article-title":"Efficacy of methadone maintenance treatment among HIV positive and HIV negative heroin addicts","volume":"20","author":"XL Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"77","article-title":"Analysis of patients\u2019 dropout from methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"15","author":"P Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Abuse Prev Treat"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"10","article-title":"The Effective Evaluation of the Methadone Maintenance Treatment of Heroin Addicts","volume":"13","author":"JB Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Abuse Prev Treat"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Influencing factors for dropout of 138 drug users on methadone maintenance treatment. Practical Preventive Medicine","author":"ML Lu","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"117","article-title":"A study on 180 drug addicts on methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"01","author":"FK Mu","year":"2011","journal-title":"China Med Pharm"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"815","article-title":"Adherence and determinants of methadone maintenance treatment among heroin addicts in Longchuan County, Yunnan Province","volume":"18","author":"YC Pu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin J Aids STDs"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"37","article-title":"Factors associated with retention in a community-based methadone maintenance treatment among drug users in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region","volume":"28","author":"J Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"197","article-title":"Effective evaluation of methadone maintenance treatment for heroin dependent patients in Xi\u2019an city","volume":"17","author":"XL Wei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"426","article-title":"Evaluation of effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan","volume":"17","author":"LF Xiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Aids STDs"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"779","article-title":"Retention and related factors of methadone treatment among drug users","volume":"25","author":"JS Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-10-3","article-title":"Predictors of retention in community-based methadone maintenance treatment program in Pearl River Delta, China","volume":"10","author":"F Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"125","article-title":"Adherence and related determinants on methadone maintenance treatment among heroin addicts in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province","volume":"32","author":"YC Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1884","article-title":"Available: 2008 to 2009. Practical Preventive Medicine","volume":"17","author":"ZH Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Efficacy Eval Methadone Maintenance Therapy Drugs Users Huarong Country"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"329","article-title":"Evaluation for the Community-Based Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Guangzhou City","volume":"9","author":"YT Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Reasons of 93 dropout cases in methadone maintenance treatment program. Practical Preventive Medicine","author":"XY Cao","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"6","article-title":"Performance evaluation and policy recommendations on community methadone maintenance treatment in Guangdong Province","volume":"3","author":"W Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Health Policy"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Analysis for the basic condition of the first clinics of Anhui methadone maintenance treatment. Anhui Medical Journal","author":"XL Cheng","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Reason Analysis of the Dropout in the Process of 112 Cases on Methadone Maintenance Treatment in ZhengZhou City. Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine","author":"ZL Cui","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"31","article-title":"Analysis of methadone maintenance treatment for heroin addicts in Liuzhou city","volume":"18","author":"Feng","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Public Health Prev Med"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Adherence rate and related factors of methadone maintenance treatment among heroin addicts in Lingshan, Guangxi","volume":"16","author":"YM Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin J Dis Control Prev"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-5-29","article-title":"Predictors of HIV infection and prevalence for syphilis infection among injection drug users in China: community-based surveys along major drug trafficking routes","volume":"5","author":"Y Jia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"302","article-title":"Analysis on the reasons among 290 patients who drop-out from the community-based drug maintenance and treatment clinics","volume":"11","author":"JH Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jiankang Bidu"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"357","article-title":"Reasons for drop out of drug addicts in methadone maintenance treatment clinics","volume":"20","author":"HQ Kong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Aesthet Med"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"299","article-title":"Reasons for heroin dependent patients\u2019 dropout from methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"16","author":"WS Lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"32","article-title":"Analysis on Reasons for Patient Drop-out from Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Hanchuan City","volume":"17","author":"XM Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev Med Tribune"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"302","article-title":"Effective evaluation on methadone maintenance treatment in Chaoyang District, Beijing","volume":"16","author":"YJ Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000304704.71917.64","article-title":"Effectiveness of first eight methadone maintenance treatment clinics in China","volume":"21","author":"L Pang","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"450","article-title":"Effect of Methadone Maintenance Therapy on Drug Users in Wuxi","volume":"24","author":"YH Qian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Occupation Health"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"277","article-title":"Survey on reasons for drop out of methadone maintenance treatment in Beijing","author":"YL Shuai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"238","article-title":"Reasons and influencing factors of patient-loss in methadone maintenance treatment clinics in Wuxi","volume":"31","author":"B Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Study in compliance in methadone maintenance treatment. International Medicine & Health Guidance News","author":"CQ Wang","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"1304","article-title":"Analysis of the efficacy of methadone maintenance treatment in 237 cases of heroin dependence patients","volume":"25","author":"YZ Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pract J Med Pharm"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"148","article-title":"An investigation and intervention on 177 patients dropout from methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"18","author":"XZ Xing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Abuse Prev Treat"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"192","article-title":"Survey on reasons for drop out of methadone maintenance treatment in Shanghai","volume":"17","author":"LY Xue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"17","article-title":"Study on the associated factors of compliance in methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"2","author":"JF Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J China Tradit Chin Med Info"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"140","article-title":"Analysis of reasons for patients leaving methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"18","author":"H Yan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"22","article-title":"Reasons Dropout from Methadone Maintenance Treatment of 93 Cases","volume":"7","author":"LS Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dali Univ"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"Survey Oil Patients Withdrawing from Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Luoxing District, Loudi City. Practical Preventive Medicine","author":"M Yang","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"Reasons of drop-out in methadone maintenance and treatment clinics. Guide of China Medicine","author":"J Yu","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"140","article-title":"Analysis of 117 cases on methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"16","author":"XH Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"316","article-title":"Analysis of methadone maintenance treatment in Changchun city","volume":"15","author":"YP Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Abuse Prev Treat"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"144","article-title":"Reasons for drop out of heroin addicts in methadone maintenance treatment in Lanzhou","volume":"21","author":"LL Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Abuse Prev Treat"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"235","article-title":"Investigating the drop out reasons in methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"16","author":"XC Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Preventive Med"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"457","article-title":"On Reasons Lead to Missing in Maintenance Treatment","volume":"25","author":"XH Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Preventive Med Info"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"25","article-title":"Evaluation of effect of community-based methadone maintenance treatment for addicts","volume":"27","author":"YH Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Jiujiang Univ (Nat Sciences)"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"97","article-title":"Analysis on 203 heroin addicts in community-based methadone maintenance treatment clinics for 180 days","volume":"13","author":"HC Deng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin Community Doctors"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"240","article-title":"Effect assessment of methadone maintenance treatment among heroin addicts in Ruili city","volume":"14","author":"YJ Duan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Aids STDs"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"924","article-title":"Effective evaluation of community-based methadone maintenance treatment for heroin addicts","volume":"26","author":"SQ Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"Effect of intervention among high-risk dropped out patients in methadone maintenance treatment. Jiangxi Medical Journal","author":"JH Fu","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"17","article-title":"Effective Evaluation on Parts of Community-based Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinics for Heroin Addicts in Xinjiang","volume":"22","author":"LP Fu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endem Dis Bulletins"},{"key":"ref87","article-title":"Effect analysis of the heroin addicts with methadone maintenance treatment in experimental units of Wuzhong in Ningxia. Modern Preventive Medicine","author":"A Jiang","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"723","article-title":"Evaluation of Methadone Maintenance Treatment for Heroin Users in Panzhihua","volume":"25","author":"JK Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Preventive Med Info"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"190","article-title":"Effective Evaluation of Methadone Maintenance Treatment Combined with Comprehensive Intervention for Six Months","volume":"41","author":"WY Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Med Univ Sci Technologiae Hua Zhong"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"38","article-title":"Situation of 538 heroin addicts undertaking methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"15","author":"ZY Long","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"142","article-title":"Analysis of the effects of methadone maintenance therapy among heroin-addicts in Jiangmen urban","volume":"9","author":"BW Ou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mod Hosp"},{"key":"ref92","first-page":"35","article-title":"Associated factors for compliance to methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"15","author":"S Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"56","article-title":"Correlation factors influencing the effect of methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"17","author":"S Shi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref94","first-page":"1471","article-title":"Evaluation of the community methadone maintenance treatment in Lianyungang city","volume":"31","author":"QY Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Univ Med Nanjing (Nat Science)"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"1044","article-title":"Analysis on social effects of methadone maintenance treatment in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province","volume":"16","author":"RH Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin J Dis Control Prev"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"380","article-title":"Hunan Beihu methadone maintenance treatment in socio-economic evaluation","volume":"17","author":"XY Tang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"255","article-title":"Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Methadone Maintenance in 115 Cases of Heroin Addicts","volume":"12","author":"LY Xue","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Abuse Prev Treat"},{"key":"ref98","first-page":"43","article-title":"Efficacy evaluation on methadone maintenance treatment in Hanzhong, Shaanxi","volume":"18","author":"HF Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Drugs Depend"},{"key":"ref99","article-title":"Evaluation on methadone maintenance treatment in Fujian province. Strait Journal of Preventive Medicine","author":"WX Zheng","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-130","article-title":"HIV and HCV prevalence among entrants to methadone maintenance treatment clinics in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"X Zhuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.028","article-title":"Risk factors associated with HIV\/HCV infection among entrants in methadone maintenance treatment clinics in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"X Zhuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2011.561905","article-title":"Opiate users\u2019 perceived barriers against attending methadone maintenance therapy: a qualitative study in China","volume":"46","author":"C Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120903311490","article-title":"Exploring stakeholder perceptions of facilitators and barriers to accessing methadone maintenance clinics in Yunnan Province, China","volume":"22","author":"MM Philbin","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386","article-title":"Introduction to Meta-Analysis","author":"M Borenstein","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029300200202","article-title":"The statistical basis of meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"JL Fleiss","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"ref106","first-page":"I","article-title":"Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis","author":"TB Huedo-Medina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Q Statist Or"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1187","article-title":"How should meta-regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted?","volume":"21","author":"SG Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00161-4","article-title":"Publication bias in meta-analysis: its causes and consequences","volume":"53","author":"A Thornton","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.1.88","article-title":"Asymmetric funnel plots and publication bias in meta-analyses of diagnostic accuracy","volume":"31","author":"F Song","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02854.x","article-title":"Predictors of patient retention in a newly established methadone maintenance treatment programme","volume":"92","author":"M del Rio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.09.004","article-title":"Factors predicting retention in treatment: 10-year experience of a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinic in Israel","volume":"82","author":"E Peles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004145.pub3","article-title":"Substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection","author":"L Gowing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02185.x","article-title":"Long-term effects of heroin-assisted treatment in Germany","volume":"103","author":"U Verthein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008","article-title":"Predictors of methadone treatment retention from a multi-site study: a survival analysis","volume":"117","author":"SM Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539511404396","article-title":"Two-year outcomes of methadone maintenance therapy at a clinic in Malaysia","volume":"24","author":"R Musa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.02.021","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of integrating methadone maintenance and antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive drug users in Vietnam\u2019s injection-driven HIV epidemics","volume":"125","author":"BX Tran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-9-26","article-title":"Case study: Methadone maintenance treatment in Hanoi, Vietnam","volume":"9","author":"M Jardine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"ref120","article-title":"Compulsory drug detention and rehabilitation centres. Washington","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089909037248","article-title":"Demographic characteristics and illegal drug use patterns among attendees of drug cessation programs in China","volume":"34","author":"Y Zhou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"ref122","article-title":"China country profile. Bangkok: Regional Centre for East Asia and the Pacific","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref123","article-title":"Drug use and HIV vulnerability: Policy research study in Asia. Bangkok: Regional Centre for East Asia and the Pacific","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.01.004","article-title":"Do drug users in China who frequently receive detoxification treatment change their risky drug use practices and sexual behavior?","volume":"84","author":"H Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2009.0323","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections among individuals over fifty years of age in China","volume":"24","author":"RV Pearline","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03859.x","article-title":"Misconceptions predict dropout and poor adherence prospectively among newly admitted first-time methadone maintenance treatment clients in Guangzhou, China","volume":"107","author":"J Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802342899","article-title":"A meta-analysis of retention in methadone maintenance by dose and dosing strategy","volume":"35","author":"YP Bao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abus"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002208","article-title":"Methadone maintenance at different dosages for opioid dependence","author":"F Faggiano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00187-X","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of methadone maintenance treatment versus wait list control in an Australian prison system","volume":"72","author":"KA Dolan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(96)01235-5","article-title":"Gender, cocaine and during-treatment HIV risk reduction among injection opioid users in methadone maintenance","volume":"41","author":"LM Camacho","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drugs Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089909039401","article-title":"Gender differences at admission and follow-up in a sample of methadone maintenance clients","volume":"34","author":"LR Chatham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200104150-00014","article-title":"Methadone maintenance as HIV risk reduction with street-recruited injecting drug users","volume":"26","author":"CF Kwiatkowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.951116314.x","article-title":"Randomized trial of supervised injectable versus oral methadone maintenance: report of feasibility and 6-month outcome","volume":"95","author":"J Strang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00109-5","article-title":"Patterns of improvement after methadone treatment: 1 year follow-up results from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study","volume":"60","author":"M Gossop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v19n04_07","article-title":"Influence of psychiatric comorbidity on HIV risk behaviors: changes during drug abuse treatment","volume":"19","author":"VL King","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addict Dis"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.22.2.223","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of a manual-guided risk reduction intervention for HIV-positive injection drug users","volume":"22","author":"A Margolin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00104-0","article-title":"Drug abuse treatment as an HIV prevention strategy: a review","volume":"59","author":"JL Sorensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802342899","article-title":"A Meta-Analysis of Retention in Methadone Maintenance by Dose and Dosing Strategy","volume":"35","author":"Y-p Bao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abus"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01849.x","article-title":"Improving drug addiction treatment in China","volume":"102","author":"YL Tang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01367.x","article-title":"Opiate addiction in China: current situation and treatments","volume":"101","author":"YL Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref141","article-title":"China: Fully Abolish Re-Education Through Labor","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T19:44:44Z","timestamp":1563565484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068906"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Harry","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068906","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]}}}