{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:56:53Z","timestamp":1789502213987,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T21:04:57Z","timestamp":1372712697000},"page":"e69086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Dose-Dependent Adverse Effects of Salinomycin on Male Reproductive Organs and Fertility in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Olajumoke Omolara","family":"Ojo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smrati","family":"Bhadauria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikanta Kumar","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.06.034","article-title":"Identification of selective inhibitors of cancer stem cells by high-throughput screening","volume":"138","author":"PB Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"The structure of Salinomycin, a new member of the polyether antibiotics. Tetra Lett 4955-4958","author":"H Kinashi","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(75)90490-8","article-title":"Salinomycin: a new monovalent cation ionophore","volume":"66","author":"M Mitani","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.09.046","article-title":"Polyether ionophores-promising bioactive molecules for cancer therapy","volume":"22","author":"A Huczy\u0144ski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Salinomycin as a Drug for Targeting Human Cancer Stem Cells","author":"C Naujokat","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0285.2011.01287.x","article-title":"Salinomycin-A new cancer drug candidate","volume":"79","author":"A Huczy\u0144ski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem Biol Drugs Des"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"555","article-title":"Salinomycin in cancer: A new mission for an old agent","volume":"3","author":"C Naujokat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Med."},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"227146","article-title":"Antiproliferative activity of Salinomycin and its derivatives","author":"A Huczy\u0144ski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"256","article-title":"A case of Salinomycin intoxication in turkeys","volume":"47","author":"EJ Van Assen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Retrospective Study of Salinomycin Toxicosis in 66 Cats. Veterinary Medicine International doi: 10.4061\/2010\/147142","author":"PI Akos","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"127","article-title":"Intoxication with Salinomycin in bovines","volume":"17","author":"A Gava","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pesqui Vet Bras"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"383","article-title":"Monensin poisoning in Brazilian horses","volume":"41","author":"PS Bezerra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.12.1822","article-title":"Salinomycin toxicosis in horses","volume":"230","author":"M Aleman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"401","article-title":"Experimental monensin toxicity in buffalo calves clinical, clinicopathological and histopathological studies","volume":"28","author":"BS Gill","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Res (Punjab Agric Univ)"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"437","article-title":"Ionophore antibiotic (narasin) poisoning in rabbits","volume":"36","author":"MWS Salles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"30","article-title":"Toxic myopathy in a dog associated with the presence of monensin in dry food","volume":"21","author":"JS Wilson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"21","article-title":"Monensin toxicity in broiler chickens","volume":"22","author":"GA Chalmers","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2012.663668","article-title":"Effect of sodium butyrate and Salinomycin upon intestinal microbiota, mucosal morphology and performance of broiler chickens","volume":"66","author":"J Czerwinski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Anim Nutr"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Risk assessment of coccidostatics during feed cross-contamination: Animal and human health aspects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacology","author":"JL Dorne","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2011.46","article-title":"Salinomycin induces calpain and cytochrome c-mediated neuronal cell death","volume":"2","author":"W Boehmerle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Death And Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4425","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.11.4425","article-title":"Chemical induction of sperm abnormalities in mice","volume":"7","author":"AJ Wyrobek","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3181\/0703-RM-52","article-title":"Mild caloric restriction does not affect testosterone levels and testicular gene in mutant mice","volume":"232","author":"JS Rocha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"\u039f\u0397 Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay of lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reactions","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x","article-title":"Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase","volume":"47","author":"S Marklund","year":"1974","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"276","article-title":"Catalase IN, Bergmeyer HU","author":"H Aebi","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(68)90092-4","article-title":"Estimation of total, protein bound and non protein sulthydryl groups in tissue with Ellman\u2019s reagent","volume":"25","author":"J Sedlak","year":"1968","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2006.07.008","article-title":"Morphological changes in the testis induced by diethylcarbamazine","volume":"22","author":"KLA Saraiva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"479","article-title":"Ethanol-induced male infertility: Impairment of spermatozoa","volume":"225","author":"RA Anderson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2005.08.012","article-title":"Effect of methyl-parathion (o, o-dimethyl-o-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothiate) on rat sperm morphology and sperm count but not fertility are associated with decreased ascorbic level in the testis","volume":"588","author":"K Narayana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3109\/01480548808998219","article-title":"Cytological effects of Khat (<italic>Catha edulis<\/italic>) in somatic and male germ cells of mice","volume":"11","author":"S Qureshi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Drug Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(69)90291-4","article-title":"An extragonadal male antifertility agent","volume":"8","author":"JA Coppola","year":"1969","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"372","article-title":"Induction of dominant lethals with calcium cyclamate in male mice","volume":"2","author":"S Qureshi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Indian J Hered"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"69","article-title":"Influence of captopril on spermatogenic dysfunction, spermatocyte chromosomes and dominant lethality in Swiss albino male mice","volume":"2","author":"OA Al-Shabanah","year":"1997","journal-title":"Res Commun Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(97)00017-3","article-title":"Assessment of mutagenic potential of thiram","volume":"35","author":"RC Agrawal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"24","article-title":"Focus on coccidiosis","volume":"12","author":"SM Shane","year":"1992","journal-title":"Zootec Int"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01089.x","article-title":"Salinomycin sensitizes cancer cells to the effects of doxorubicin and etoposide treatment by increasing DNA damage and reducing p21 protein","volume":"162","author":"JH Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"39","article-title":"Effect of Salinomycin on broiler health","volume":"69","author":"F Rizvi","year":"1999","journal-title":"VET Archiv"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1143","article-title":"Accidental Salinomycin intoxication in calves","volume":"51","author":"O Arash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.36-2-152","article-title":"Salinomycin-induced polyneuropathy in cats: morphologic and epidemiologic data","volume":"36","author":"JS van der Linde-Sipman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"315","article-title":"Acute toxicity of sodium Salinomycin in Synvertas plv. ad us. vet. preparation in chickens","volume":"45","author":"J Neuschl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0651955","article-title":"Salinomycin toxicity in turkeys","volume":"65","author":"LM Potter","year":"1986","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0602423","article-title":"Influence of anticoccidial drugs on losses of broiler chickens from heatstress and coccidiosis","volume":"60","author":"K Keshavarz","year":"1981","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/80.3.260","article-title":"Effects of the Ionophore Anticoccidial Semduramicin on Broiler Breeders","volume":"80","author":"J Brake","year":"2001","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"89","article-title":"Evaluation of zinc against Salinomycin toxicity in broilers","volume":"48","author":"K Kamashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2012.663668","article-title":"Effect of sodium butyrate and Salinomycin upon intestinal microbiota, mucosal morphology and performance of broiler chickens","volume":"66","author":"J Czerwinski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Anim Nutr"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2012.01.001","article-title":"Effects of anticoccidial and antibiotic growth promoter programs on broiler performance and immune status","volume":"93","author":"KW Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"35","article-title":"Modification of spermatogenesis following antibiotic therapy","volume":"57","author":"LM Timmermans","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Urol Belg"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"207","article-title":"Histopathology of the male reproductive system induced by the fungicide benomyl","volume":"15","author":"RA Hess","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"76","article-title":"Ameliorative effect of vitamin E on aflatoxin-induced changes in accessory sex organs of male mice","volume":"10","author":"RJ Verma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol Int"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.33.85","article-title":"An aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamycin induces oxidative stress, reduces antioxidant reserve and impairs spermatogenesis in rats","volume":"33","author":"N Kilarkaje","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080250414","article-title":"Effects of gossypol on the motility of mammalian sperm","volume":"25","author":"O Porat","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.53.393","article-title":"Histologic Changes in the Mouse Testis after Treatment with Gossypol Tetra-Acetic Acid","volume":"53","author":"SK Singh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Histol Cytol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006627410734","article-title":"Reversible antispermatogenic effect of gossypol in langur monkeys (<italic>Presbytis entellus entellus<\/italic>)","volume":"15","author":"S Sharma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv Contracept"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.19310444602","article-title":"\u00dcber die chemische Untersuchung der Sexualhormone","volume":"44","author":"A Butenandt","year":"1931","journal-title":"Angew Chem"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)70568-7","article-title":"The cholesteryl ester cyclein Macrophage foam cells. Continual hydrolysis and re-esteri\ufb01cation of cytoplasmic cholesteryl esters","volume":"255","author":"MS Brown","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.44.71","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes in mouse Leydig cells after streptozotocin administration","volume":"44","author":"RE Sanguinetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp Anim"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1590\/S1519-69842002000300017","article-title":"The effects of treatment with melatonin on the ultrastructure of mouse Leydig cells: A quantitative study","volume":"62","author":"CA Redins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Braz J Biol"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"28314","article-title":"The purification, cloning, and expression of a novel luteinizing hormone-induced mitochondrial protein in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells","volume":"269","author":"BJ Clark","year":"1994","journal-title":"Charact Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Proteins (Star) J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"221","article-title":"Regulation of the acute production of steroids in steroidogenic cells","volume":"17","author":"DM Stocco","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(75)90490-8","article-title":"Salinomycin: a new monovalent cation ionophore","volume":"66","author":"M Mitani","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.9.4.655","article-title":"Salinomycin effects on mitochondrial ion translocation and respiration","volume":"9","author":"M Mitani","year":"1976","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"U799","article-title":"A case of human poisoning by Salinomycin, an agricultural antibiotic","volume":"117","author":"P Story","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50638","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050638","article-title":"Salinomycin Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells <italic>in vitro<\/italic> and <italic>in vivo<\/italic>","volume":"7","author":"F Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1997.8129","article-title":"Protection against methoxyacetic-acid-induced spermatocyte apoptosis with calcium channel blockers in cultured rat seminiferous tubules: possible mechanisms","volume":"144","author":"LH Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"371","article-title":"Role of regucalcin in maintaining cell homeostasis and function","volume":"15","author":"M Yamaguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Testicular steroidogenesis","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1500413","article-title":"Effect of protein-synthesis inhibitors on testosterone production in rat testis interstitial tissue and Leydig-cell preparations","volume":"150","author":"BA Cooke","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"43","article-title":"Mammalian Leydig cell structure","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-107-6-1867","article-title":"Testosterone secretion by rat, rabbit, guinea pig, dog, and hamster testis perfused in vitro: Correlation with Leydig cell ultrastructure","volume":"107","author":"BR Zirkin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"33","article-title":"Structural and histological analysis of Leydig cell steroidogenic function the Leydig cell in health and disease","author":"H Anita","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"An Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques in Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"534","author":"T Chard","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02789456","article-title":"Cadmium induced excretion of urinary lipid metabolites, DNA damage, glutathione depletion, and hepatic lipid peroxidation in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"52","author":"D Bagchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.18","article-title":"Effect of cadmium and aluminum intake on the antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in rat tissues","volume":"15","author":"SA El-Maraghy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0602423","article-title":"Influence of anticoccidial drugs on losses of broiler chickens from heat stress and coccidiosis","volume":"60","author":"K Keshavarz","year":"1981","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod59.4.753","article-title":"Antioxidant systems in rat epididymal spermatozoa","volume":"59","author":"F Tramer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(83)90015-5","article-title":"An evaluation of human sperm as indicators of chemically induced alterations of spermatogenic function: a report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program","volume":"115","author":"AJ Wyrobek","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"335","article-title":"Selenium deficiency lesions in rats fed vitamin E supplemented rations","volume":"4","author":"LH Sprinker","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nutr Rep Int"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"27","article-title":"The effect of accidental exposure of nicarbazin to broiler breeders","volume":"66","author":"JM Mauldin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"50","article-title":"Safety evaluation of Sacox in poultry","volume":"18","author":"W Sambeth","year":"1985","journal-title":"Zootech Int"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0690027","article-title":"Reproduction responses of broiler-breeders to anticoccidial agents","volume":"69","author":"JE Jones","year":"1990","journal-title":"Poult Sci"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226872","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000}}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T23:58:41Z","timestamp":1645919921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069086"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hari","family":"Koul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]}}}