{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:09:10Z","timestamp":1789970950889,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]],"date-time":"2013-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374537600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T15:42:16Z","timestamp":1374680536000},"page":"e69382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Comparison of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) Virulence Traits in a Rat Model for Periodontal Disease"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Cline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent K.","family":"Tsiagbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1985.tb01348.x","article-title":"<italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/italic> in human periodontal disease","volume":"12","author":"JJ Zambon","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.5.1450","article-title":"Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans pneumonia with chest wall involvement and rib destruction","volume":"101","author":"A Yaun","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288102001007","article-title":"Actinobacillus endocarditis associated with periodontal disease","volume":"20","author":"R Anolik","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1969.03160290110041","article-title":"Urinary tract infection due to <italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/italic>","volume":"210","author":"T Townsend","year":"1969","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.9.833","article-title":"Brain Abcess due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans","volume":"17","author":"BF Martin","year":"1967","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2006.00189.x","article-title":"How we got attached to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: a model for infectious diseases","volume":"42","author":"DH Fine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374950090011001","article-title":"Characteristics of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans invasion and adhesion to cultured epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"PM Fives-Taylor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv Dental Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511403743","article-title":"Cytolethal distending toxin damages the oral epithelium of gingival explants","volume":"90","author":"M Damek-Poprawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2011.01348.x","article-title":"Topical application of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin induces cell cycle arrest in the rat gingival epithelium in vivo","volume":"46","author":"M Ohara","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01227-08","article-title":"Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin induces apoptosis in nonproliferating macrophages by a phosphatase-independent mechanism","volume":"77","author":"SD Rabin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.342-351.2005","article-title":"The cytolethal distending toxin induces receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand expression in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells","volume":"73","author":"GN Belibasakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2008.01017.x","article-title":"Cytolethal distending toxin upregulates RANKL expression in Jurkat T-cells","volume":"116","author":"GN Belibasakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.3540","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand","volume":"96","author":"H Hsu","year":"1999","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)84850-0","article-title":"Analysis of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin gene","volume":"264","author":"ET Lally","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"254","article-title":"Battling against host phagocytes: the wherefore of the RTX family of toxins?","volume":"4","author":"R Welch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Agents Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00723.x","article-title":"Pore-forming cytolysins of gram-negative bacteria","volume":"5","author":"RA Welch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.163.1.94-105.1985","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence of an Escherichia coli chromosomal hemolysin","volume":"163","author":"T Felmlee","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.4.920-929.1990","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence of the Leukotoxin Gene from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: homology to the alpha-hemolysin\/leukotoxin gene family","volume":"58","author":"E Kraig","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00314-07","article-title":"Human CD18 is the functional receptor for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin","volume":"75","author":"T Dileepan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.28.1.258-268.1980","article-title":"Biochemical and morphological characterization of the killing of human monocytes by a leukotoxin derived from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans","volume":"28","author":"NS Taichman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1987.tb00270.x","article-title":"Comparative studies on the biology of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin in primates","volume":"2","author":"NS Taichman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1014.2010.00576.x","article-title":"Adaptive immune response in osteoclastic bone resportion induced by orally administered Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in a rat model of periodontal disease","volume":"25","author":"Y Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immun"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.2228","article-title":"Induction of cell cycle arrest in lymphocytes by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin requires three subunits for maximum activity","volume":"174","author":"BJ Shenker","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5008","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.10.5008-5019.1998","article-title":"The Cell Cycle-Specific Growth-Inhibitory Factor Produced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Is a Cytolethal Distending Toxin","volume":"66","author":"M Sugai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6094","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.11.6094-6100.2000","article-title":"Secretion of RTX leukotoxin by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans","volume":"68","author":"SC Kachlany","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infection & Immunity"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01353.x","article-title":"An improved cost-effective, reproducible method for evaluation of bone loss in a rodent model","volume":"36","author":"DH Fine","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7295","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1237223100","article-title":"Tight-adherence genes of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are required for virulence in a rat model","volume":"100","author":"H Schreiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7298","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.23.7298-7307.1999","article-title":"Direct selection of IS903 transposon insertions by use of a broad-host-range vector: isolation of catalase-deficient mutants of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans","volume":"181","author":"VJ Thomson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2007.04.026","article-title":"tfoX (sxy)-dependent transformation of Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans","volume":"399","author":"MK Bhattacharjee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.4.2015-2021.2006","article-title":"Leukotoxin confers beta-hemolytic activity to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans","volume":"74","author":"NV Balashova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"DiFranco K, Kaswala R, Patel C, Kasinathan C, Kachlany S (2013) Leukotoxin (Leukothera \u00ae;LtxA) kills rodent white blood cells by targeting leukocyte function associated antigen-1(LFA-1). Comparative Med 63: In press."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01172.x","article-title":"The use of rodent models to investigate host-bacteria interactions related to periodontal diseases","volume":"35","author":"DT Graves","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jinadasa RN, Bloom SE, Weiss RS, Duhamel GE (2011) Cytolethal distending toxin: a conserved bacterial genotoxin that blocks cell cycle progression, leading to apoptosis of a broad range of mammalian cell lineages. Microbiology July: 1851\u20131875.","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.049536-0"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4773","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.8.4773","article-title":"Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans immunosuppressive protein is a member of the family of cytolethal distending toxins capable of causing a G2 arrest in human T cells","volume":"162","author":"BJ Shenker","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1987.tb02061.x","article-title":"Periodontal bone loss and immune characteristics after adoptive transfer of Actinobacillus-sensitized T cells to rats","volume":"22","author":"H Yoshie","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2033","article-title":"Immune Response: The Key to bone Resorption in Periodontal Disease","volume":"76","author":"MA Taubman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.48.2.507-519.1985","article-title":"Comparative bacteriology of juvenile periodontitis","volume":"48","author":"WE Moore","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1181-1187.2002","article-title":"Population and genetic diversity of Actinobacilus actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from localized juvenile periodontitis patients","volume":"40","author":"J Kaplan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T11:40:22Z","timestamp":1688384422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069382"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bereswill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069382","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]}}}