{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:13:21Z","timestamp":1791854001930,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374710400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T18:22:19Z","timestamp":1374776539000},"page":"e69755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Adverse Respiratory Health and Hematological Alterations among Agricultural Workers Occupationally Exposed to Organophosphate Pesticides: A Cross-Sectional Study in North India"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mohd.","family":"Fareed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj Kumar","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vipin","family":"Bihari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritul","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anup Kumar","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrasekharan Nair","family":"Kesavachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0274(200103)39:3<292::AID-AJIM1017>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Work-related respiratory symptoms in New Zealand farmers","volume":"39(3)","author":"MR Kimbell-Dunn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17407470","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms in European animal farmers","volume":"17(4)","author":"K Radon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"150","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among Ohio cash grain farmers","volume":"35(2)","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1371.044","article-title":"Pesticides and Adult Respiratory Outcomes in the Agricultural Health Study","volume":"1076","author":"JA Hoppin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annals New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinsdale D, Ballantyne B, Mans TC (1992) Pulmonary toxicity of anticholinesterases. Clinical and experimental toxicology of organophosphates and carbamates, London: Butterworth Heinemann 156\u2013166.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-0271-6.50022-X"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00028602","article-title":"Occupational and environmental risk factors for respiratory symptoms in rural Beijing, China","volume":"20","author":"LX Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"52","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms, skin disorders and serum IgE levels in agricultural workers","volume":"31","author":"A Bener","year":"1999","journal-title":"Allerg Immunol Paris"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"702","article-title":"The role of respiratory muscles in the impairment of the respiratory system function in the workers of a chemical plant division producing pesticides","volume":"54","author":"S Kossmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Przegl Lek"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/1056-8719(93)90018-A","article-title":"In vitro study of pesticide hematotoxicity in human and rat progenitor","volume":"30(4)","author":"D Parent","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"97","article-title":"Changes in the blood system under chronic toxic pressure","volume":"18","author":"V Khristeva","year":"1993","journal-title":"Probl Khig"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Worthing CR (1987) The Pesticide Manual: A World Compendium, 8<sup>th<\/sup> ed. The British Crop Protection Council."},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cholinesterase enzyme reaction and inhibition by pesticides. African News","volume":"5","author":"DBK Rama","year":"1995","journal-title":"Occup Health Safety"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2006.07.004","article-title":"Neurophysiologial sequela from acute poisoning and long term exposure to carbamate and organophosphate pesticides","volume":"28","author":"L Roldan-Tapia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology and Teratology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqr064","article-title":"Cholinesterase levels and morbidity in pesticide sprayers in North India","volume":"61(7)","author":"MK Pathak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(92)90049-X","article-title":"Pesticide exposure and cholinesterase levels among farm workers in the Republic of South Africa. Sci","volume":"122","author":"DB Rama","year":"1992","journal-title":"Total Environ"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1739","article-title":"Biomarkers in toxicology versus ecological risk assessment","volume":"64","author":"C Eason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2478\/v10001-007-0039-8","article-title":"Effects of occupational exposure in pesticide plant on workers serum and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity","volume":"20","author":"HR Joshaghani","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2008.06.011","article-title":"Occupational exposure of farm workers to pesticides: Biochemical parameters and evaluation of genotoxicity","volume":"35","author":"AP Remor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetyl cholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"GL Ellman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-3575(89)90003-5","article-title":"An investigation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and aging and choline acetyltransferase activity following a high level acute exposure to paraoxon","volume":"33","author":"JE Chambers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pest Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"186","article-title":"Ventilatory norms in healthy industrial male workers","volume":"25","author":"SK Rastogi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ind J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.supplement_1.rccm1585s1","article-title":"Respiratory health hazards in agriculture","volume":"158","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370801905524","article-title":"Low Level of Exposure to Pesticides Leads to Lung Dysfunction in Occupationally Exposed Subjects","volume":"20(9)","author":"AF Hernandez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inhalation Toxicology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pathak MK, Fareed M, Srivastava AK, Pangtey BS, Bihari V, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2013) Seasonal variations in cholinesterase activity, nerve conduction velocity and lung function among sprayers exposed to mixture of pesticides. Environ Sci Pollut Res (DOI 10.1007\/s11356-013-1743-5).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-1743-5"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"311","article-title":"Hazardous exposure and lung disease among agricultural workers","volume":"13","author":"PG Do","year":"1992","journal-title":"Occupational Lung Diseases"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.4.884","article-title":"Association of asthma with use of pesticides- results of a cross-sectional survey of farmers","volume":"146","author":"A Senthilselvan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500232","article-title":"Accuracy of self reported pesticide use duration information from licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study","volume":"12","author":"JA Hoppin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0274(200010)38:4<455::AID-AJIM12>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms: associations with pesticides, silos, and animal confinement in the Iowa Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance Project","volume":"38","author":"NL Sprince","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Possible mechanism of pesticide toxicity-related oxidative stress leading to airway narrowing","volume":"11(4)","author":"CN Kesavachandran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Red Rep"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"45","article-title":"Organophosphate pesticide exposure in farmers and commercial applicators","volume":"3","author":"RW Spiegiel","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clinical Toxicology Consultant"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1993.9936726","article-title":"Effects of exposure to organophosphates on serum cholinesterase levels","volume":"48","author":"L Lopez-Carillo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of Environment Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(99)00099-5","article-title":"Biological monitoring of exposure to pesticides: current issues","volume":"108(2\u20133)","author":"F He","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.3.479","article-title":"Screening for insecticide overexposure under field conditions- a re-evaluation of the tintimetric cholinesterase kit","volume":"84","author":"R McConnell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/47.2.90","article-title":"Erythrocyte cholinesterase activity levels in desert farm workers","volume":"47(2)","author":"J Gomes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1265\/jjh.48.955","article-title":"A study of acute organophosphorous poisoning- changes in the activity and isoenzyme patterns of serum cholinesterase in human poisoning","volume":"48","author":"S Yamanaka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi- Jap J Hyg"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"951","article-title":"Physiological effects of work","volume":"36","author":"DG Robinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.40813","article-title":"Monitoring of plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity and haematological parameters in pesticide sprayers","volume":"12","author":"SK Rastogi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqi088","article-title":"Plasma cholinesterase level of Ethiopian farm workers exposed to chemical pesticide","volume":"55","author":"Y Mekonnen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Del PL, Leilanie J (2007) Pesticide exposure, risk factors and health problems among cutflower farmers: a cross sectional study. J Occ Med Tox: 2\u20139."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2010.484252","article-title":"Hematological and biochemical alterations in sprayers occupationally exposed to mixture of pesticides at a mango plantation in Lucknow, India","volume":"92(10)","author":"M Fareed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700230410","article-title":"A case_control study of multiple myeloma and occupation","volume":"23","author":"PA Demeres","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1578","article-title":"Clues to cancer etiology from studies of farmers","volume":"18","author":"A Blair","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1587","article-title":"Cancer mortality among licensed herbicide applicators","volume":"18","author":"GM Swaen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2190\/E259-N3AH-TA1Y-H591","article-title":"Agricultural pesticide use in developing countries: Health effects and research needs","volume":"27","author":"C Wesseling","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Health Serv"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"6585","article-title":"Pesticides exposure and other agricultural risk factors for leukemia among men in lowa and Minnesota","volume":"50","author":"L Brown","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/cc1025","article-title":"Intensive care management of organophosphate insecticide poisoning","volume":"5","author":"M Sungur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crot Care"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.9.1551","article-title":"Aplastic anemia in rural Thailand: its association with grain farming and agricultural pesticide exposure","volume":"(9)","author":"S Issaragrisil","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pub Health 87"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/b7bc0625-6200-4433-9971-f4e571203432","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375401600000}}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069755","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T21:31:37Z","timestamp":1588973497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069755"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Thatcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069755","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]}}}