{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:15:27Z","timestamp":1787681727247,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]],"date-time":"2013-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374537600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T11:53:32Z","timestamp":1374666812000},"page":"e70102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Factors Associated with Serological Cure and the Serofast State of HIV-Negative Patients with Primary, Secondary, Latent, and Tertiary Syphilis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Man-Li","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Rong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Li","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Ci","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.03.003","article-title":"Ischemic stroke as a primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative emergency patients","volume":"317","author":"LL Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S110","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir701","article-title":"Management of Adult Syphilis","volume":"53","author":"KG Ghanem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1086\/644737","article-title":"Dilemmas in the management of syphilis: a survey of infectious diseases experts","volume":"49","author":"D Dowell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"WHO (2011) Global HIV\/AIDS response: Epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal access: Progress report. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60074-9","article-title":"Syphilis in China: results of a national surveillance programme","volume":"369","author":"ZQ Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1086\/429626","article-title":"History of syphilis","volume":"40","author":"BM Rothschild","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010","volume":"59","author":"KA Workowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1938.02790020010004","article-title":"The problem of seroresistant syphilis","volume":"110","author":"JE Moore","year":"1938","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00289.x","article-title":"Serological diagnosis of syphilis: comparison of the Trep-Chek IgG enzyme immunoassay with other screening and confirmatory tests","volume":"51","author":"RSW Tsang","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707313370504","article-title":"A randomized trial of enhanced therapy for early syphilis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"337","author":"RT Rolfs","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.07.005","article-title":"Further Evaluation of the Characteristics of Treponema Pallidum-specific IgM antibody in syphilis serofast reaction patients","volume":"71","author":"L-R Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.11.015","article-title":"Evaluation of a colloidal gold immunochromatography assay in the detection of Treponema pallidum specific IgM antibody in syphilis serofast reaction patients: a serologic marker for the relapse and infection of syphilis","volume":"70","author":"LR Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006","volume":"55","author":"KA Workowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"283","article-title":"Some problems on seroresistant syphilis","volume":"12","author":"K Higuchi","year":"1961","journal-title":"Kyushu J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir671","article-title":"Predictors of serological cure and serofast state after treatment in HIV-negative persons with early syphilis","volume":"53","author":"AC Se\u00f1a","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"1998 guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"47","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep 1998"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008510","article-title":"IUSTI: 2008 European guidelines on the management of syphilis","volume":"20","author":"P French","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200112000-00008","article-title":"Ocular syphilis","volume":"12","author":"AJ Aldave","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.021402","article-title":"Serological response to syphilis treatment in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics","volume":"83","author":"K Ghanem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440030127015","article-title":"Serologic response to treatment of syphilis in patients with HIV infection","volume":"156","author":"AM Yinnon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-12-1005","article-title":"Serologic response to treatment of infectious syphilis","volume":"114","author":"B Romanowski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03350330094030","article-title":"Serological response to syphilis treatment","volume":"253","author":"ST Brown","year":"1985","journal-title":"JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"232","article-title":"Update on emerging infections: news from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Brief report: azithromycin treatment failures in syphilis infections\u2013San Francisco, California, 2002\u20132003","volume":"44","author":"J Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"613","article-title":"A comparison study of two therapeutic protocols for neurosyphilis","volume":"54","author":"S Serragui","year":"1999","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"2235","article-title":"Relationship between syphilis serofast reaction and neurosyphilis","volume":"20","author":"LZ Li SL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin J Nosocomiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01638-6","article-title":"The immune response to infection with Treponema pallidum, the stealth pathogen","volume":"4","author":"JC Salazar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes and infection"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.4.467","article-title":"Race and the prevalence of syphilis seroreactivity in the United States population: a national sero-epidemiologic study","volume":"79","author":"RA Hahn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"19","article-title":"Gender and the immune system","volume":"3","author":"R Lahita","year":"2000","journal-title":"The journal of gender-specific medicine: JGSM: the official journal of the Partnership for Women\u2019s Health at Columbia"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181b6f0cc","article-title":"Syphilis epidemiology and clinical outcomes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients in Kaiser Permanente Northern California","volume":"37","author":"MA Horberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.5.1100","article-title":"VDRL antibodies enhance phagocytosis of Treponema pallidum by macrophages","volume":"167","author":"SA Baker-Zander","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.043042","article-title":"Ocular syphilis among HIV-infected patients: a systematic analysis of the literature","volume":"87","author":"JD Tucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sexually transmitted infections"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.041731","article-title":"HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C and risk behaviours among commercial sex male clients in Sichuan province, China","volume":"86","author":"C Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sexually transmitted infections"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1086\/656533","article-title":"Enhanced molecular typing of Treponema pallidum: geographical distribution of strain types and association with neurosyphilis","volume":"202","author":"CM Marra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3802","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00128-08","article-title":"Molecular typing of Treponema pallidum clinical strains from Lisbon, Portugal","volume":"46","author":"C Florindo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1086\/426510","article-title":"Treponema pallidum strain-specific differences in neuroinvasion and clinical phenotype in a rabbit model","volume":"191","author":"LC Tantalo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001273","article-title":"Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"5","author":"RR Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318232697d","article-title":"Molecular typing of Treponema pallidum causing early syphilis in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"39","author":"RR Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1086\/600878","article-title":"Macrolide resistance and molecular types of Treponema pallidum causing primary syphilis in Shanghai, China","volume":"49","author":"IE Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0070102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T11:47:52Z","timestamp":1540295272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0070102"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0070102","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]}}}