{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:13:11Z","timestamp":1773285191176,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T21:11:50Z","timestamp":1375391510000},"page":"e70360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["First Evidence of Sternal Wound Biofilm following Cardiac Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Haytham","family":"Elgharably","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamdy","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kasturi","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piya Das","family":"Ghatak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gayle","family":"Gordillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chittoor B.","family":"Sai-Sudhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sashwati","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandan K.","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2008.04.003","article-title":"Sternal wound infections","volume":"22","author":"WJ Mauermann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)01035-1","article-title":"Postoperative mediastinitis: classification and management","volume":"61","author":"RM El Oakley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(02)00411-6","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of a new sternal closure method with thermoreactive clips","volume":"22","author":"A Negri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2010.02.026","article-title":"The Cardiac Surgery Advanced Practice Group: A Case Study of APN and PA Collaborative Practice","volume":"6","author":"S Owens","year":"2010","journal-title":"The journal for nurse practitioners"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)91310-R","article-title":"Modified Robicsek technique for complicated sternal closure","volume":"52","author":"G Tavilla","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-26691","article-title":"Mediastinitis and cardiac surgery\u2013an updated risk factor analysis in 10,373 consecutive adult patients","volume":"50","author":"JF Gummert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.11.016","article-title":"Algorithm for primary closure in sternal wound infection: a single institution 10-year experience","volume":"33","author":"AJ Poncelet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1086\/502423","article-title":"Sternal surgical-site infection following coronary artery bypass graft: prevalence, microbiology, and complications during a 42-month period","volume":"25","author":"M Sharma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(97)01210-4","article-title":"Sternal wound complications\u2013incidence, microbiology and risk factors","volume":"11","author":"E Stahle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"207","article-title":"Staphylococcal biofilms","volume":"322","author":"M Otto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections","volume":"284","author":"JW Costerton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880502801103","article-title":"Biofilm in implant infections: its production and regulation","volume":"28","author":"JW Costerton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.59.110106.132000","article-title":"Bacterial and fungal biofilm infections","volume":"59","author":"AS Lynch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"108","article-title":"Surgical site infections: biofilms, dehiscence and delayed healing","volume":"4","author":"R Wolcott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wounds UK"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2008.062","article-title":"Chronic surgical site infection due to suture-associated polymicrobial biofilm","volume":"10","author":"S Kathju","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70133-1","article-title":"Emergence of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300 as a cause of necrotising community-onset pneumonia","volume":"9","author":"AI Hidron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1086\/367653","article-title":"Adverse clinical and economic outcomes attributable to methicillin resistance among patients with Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection","volume":"36","author":"JJ Engemann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.60.12.0001","article-title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis device-related infections: pathogenesis and clinical management","volume":"60","author":"MT McCann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1275168","article-title":"Overview and management of sternal wound infection","volume":"25","author":"K Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.2.397","article-title":"The clinical and economic impact of deep chest surgical site infections following coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"118","author":"CS Hollenbeak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(02)00084-2","article-title":"Postoperative mediastinitis in cardiac surgery - microbiology and pathogenesis","volume":"21","author":"B Gardlund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-6-112","article-title":"Treatment of gram-positive deep sternal wound infections in cardiac surgery\u2013experiences with daptomycin","volume":"6","author":"AF Popov","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.10.006","article-title":"Reduction in incidence of deep sternal wound infections: random or real?","volume":"139","author":"E Matros","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-011-0573-2","article-title":"Deep sternal wound infection after open heart surgery: current treatment insights. A retrospective study of 36 cases","volume":"34","author":"RM Schols","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2182","article-title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis\u2013the 'accidental' pathogen","volume":"7","author":"M Otto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010226","article-title":"Biofilms and device-associated infections","volume":"7","author":"RM Donlan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.2.167-193.2002","article-title":"Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms","volume":"15","author":"RM Donlan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.19.5.687-693.1984","article-title":"Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of in situ bacterial colonization of intravenous and intraarterial catheters","volume":"19","author":"TJ Marrie","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.66.6.1339","article-title":"A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of an infected endocardial pacemaker lead","volume":"66","author":"TJ Marrie","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(91)90339-V","article-title":"In situ replacement of vascular prostheses infected by bacterial biofilms","volume":"13","author":"DF Bandyk","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"140","article-title":"Recurrent endocarditis in silver-coated heart valve prosthesis","volume":"8","author":"HK Kjaergard","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00838","article-title":"Direct demonstration of viable Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in an infected total joint arthroplasty. A case report","volume":"90","author":"P Stoodley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1159\/000319396","article-title":"Direct demonstration of Staphylococcus biofilm in an external ventricular drain in a patient with a history of recurrent ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure","volume":"46","author":"P Stoodley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_559.x","article-title":"Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from sternal wound infections after cardiac surgery: attachment to and accumulation on sternal fixation stainless steel wires","volume":"115","author":"E Olsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.57.030502.090720","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: an emerging link to disease pathogenesis","volume":"57","author":"MR Parsek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00321.x","article-title":"Biofilms in chronic wounds","volume":"16","author":"GA James","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2011.00720.x","article-title":"The importance of a multifaceted approach to characterizing the microbial flora of chronic wounds","volume":"19","author":"A Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2009.18.8.43630","article-title":"Bacterial diversity in surgical site infections: not just aerobic cocci any more","volume":"18","author":"RD Wolcott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolcott RD, Cox SB, Dowd SE (2010) Healing and healing rates of chronic wounds in the age of molecular pathogen diagnostics. J Wound Care 19: 272\u2013278, 280\u2013271.","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2010.19.7.48898"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2008.17.12.31769","article-title":"A rapid molecular method for characterising bacterial bioburden in chronic wounds","volume":"17","author":"RD Wolcott","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2007.07.003","article-title":"The science of wound bed preparation","volume":"34","author":"J Panuncialman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2009.18.2.38743","article-title":"Regular debridement is the main tool for maintaining a healthy wound bed in most chronic wounds","volume":"18","author":"RD Wolcott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2008.17.11.31479","article-title":"Biofilms in wounds: management strategies","volume":"17","author":"DD Rhoads","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2010.19.8.77709","article-title":"Biofilm maturity studies indicate sharp debridement opens a time- dependent therapeutic window","volume":"19","author":"RD Wolcott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"1569","article-title":"The Society of Thoracic Surgeons practice guideline series: Antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery, part II: Antibiotic choice","volume":"83","author":"R Engelman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00350-06","article-title":"Comparative activities of daptomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline against catheter-related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus bacteremic isolates embedded in biofilm","volume":"51","author":"I Raad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Wolcott RD, Rhoads DD (2008) A study of biofilm-based wound management in subjects with critical limb ischaemia. J Wound Care 17: 145\u2013148, 150\u2013142, 154\u2013145."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1177\/039139881003300904","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of RIP, an effective inhibitor of chronic infections","volume":"33","author":"F Lopez-Leban","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100247","article-title":"The challenge of treating biofilm-associated bacterial infections","volume":"82","author":"JL del Pozo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rendueles O, Ghigo JM (2012) Multi-species biofilms: how to avoid unfriendly neighbors. FEMS Microbiol Rev.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2012.00328.x"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0070360","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T08:58:03Z","timestamp":1596272283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0070360"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Planet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0070360","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]}}}