{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T16:08:29Z","timestamp":1770134909386,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375747200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T21:07:55Z","timestamp":1375823275000},"page":"e72193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Characterization of the Molecular Interplay between Moraxella catarrhalis and Human Respiratory Tract Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Stefan P. W.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc J.","family":"Eleveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter W. M.","family":"Hermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hester J.","family":"Bootsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00007-09","article-title":"Molecular aspects of <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> pathogenesis","volume":"73","author":"SP de Vries","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1086\/315374","article-title":"Analysis of <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> by DNA typing: evidence for a distinct subpopulation associated with virulence traits","volume":"181","author":"HJ Bootsma","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6122607","article-title":"The rise and spread of a new pathogen: seroresistant <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic>","volume":"17","author":"T Wirth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5559","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00946-07","article-title":"Contribution of <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> type IV pili to nasopharyngeal colonization and biofilm formation","volume":"75","author":"NR Luke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.5.1364-1373.2000","article-title":"The UspA1 protein and a second type of UspA2 protein mediate adherence of <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> to human epithelial cells <italic>in vitro<\/italic>","volume":"182","author":"ER Lafontaine","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3302","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3302-3309.2003","article-title":"The immunoglobulin D-binding protein MID from <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> is also an adhesin","volume":"71","author":"A Forsgren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.1906-1913.2004","article-title":"The <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> porin-like outer membrane protein CD is an adhesin for human lung cells","volume":"72","author":"MM Holm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.80","article-title":"<italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic>: from interactions with the host immune system to vaccine development","volume":"7","author":"YC Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5330","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00573-08","article-title":"Modular arrangement of allelic variants explains the divergence in <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> UspA protein function","volume":"76","author":"MJ Brooks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00030-0","article-title":"The outer membrane proteins UspA1 and UspA2 of <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> are highly conserved in nasopharyngeal isolates from young children","volume":"20","author":"PS Meier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.09.036","article-title":"<italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> strains with reduced expression of the UspA outer membrane proteins belong to a distinct subpopulation","volume":"23","author":"PS Meier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03433.x","article-title":"A novel cell-binding mechanism of <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> ubiquitous surface protein UspA: specific targeting of the N-domain of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules by UspA1","volume":"48","author":"DJ Hill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1086\/432759","article-title":"The respiratory pathogen <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> adheres to epithelial cells by interacting with fibronectin through ubiquitous surface proteins A1 and A2","volume":"192","author":"TT Tan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1086\/505581","article-title":"The respiratory pathogen <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> binds to laminin via ubiquitous surface proteins A1 and A2","volume":"194","author":"TT Tan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1999.0342","article-title":"Attachment of <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> occurs to the positively charged domains of pharyngeal epithelial cells","volume":"28","author":"K Ahmed","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0800353","article-title":"Infection in the pathogenesis and course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"359","author":"S Sethi","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01138.x","article-title":"<italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> lipooligosaccharide selectively upregulates ICAM-1 expression on human monocytes and stimulates adjacent naive monocytes to produce TNF-alpha through cellular cross-talk","volume":"10","author":"H Xie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37610","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037610","article-title":"<italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> activates murine macrophages through multiple toll like receptors and has reduced clearance in lungs from TLR4 mutant mice","volume":"7","author":"F Hassan","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00821.x","article-title":"<italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> is internalized in respiratory epithelial cells by a trigger-like mechanism and initiates a TLR2- and partly NOD1-dependent inflammatory immune response","volume":"9","author":"H Slevogt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1661","article-title":"CEACAM1 inhibits Toll-like receptor 2-triggered antibacterial responses of human pulmonary epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"H Slevogt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01942-12","article-title":"<italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/italic> folate biosynthesis responds to environmental CO2-levels","volume":"195","author":"P Burghout","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1377","article-title":"Tn-seq: high-throughput parallel sequencing for fitness and genetic interaction studies in microorganisms","volume":"6","author":"T van Opijnen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12081","article-title":"Genetic requirements for <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> growth under iron-limiting conditions","volume":"87","author":"SP de Vries","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.9.2939-2947.2005","article-title":"Characterization of a cluster of three glycosyltransferase enzymes essential for <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> lipooligosaccharide assembly","volume":"187","author":"KJ Edwards","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.5127-5136.2005","article-title":"Hag directly mediates the adherence of <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> to human middle ear cells","volume":"73","author":"B Bullard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4341","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.8.4341-4350.2003","article-title":"Identification of a <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> outer membrane protein exhibiting both adhesin and lipolytic activities","volume":"71","author":"JM Timpe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00631-10","article-title":"Genome-wide identification of <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/italic> genes essential for bacterial replication during experimental meningitis","volume":"79","author":"TE Molzen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36643","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036643","article-title":"Selection of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi genes involved during interaction with human macrophages by screening of a transposon mutant library","volume":"7","author":"SC Sabbagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00637.x","article-title":"A lipopeptide-encoding sequence upstream from the <italic>lysA<\/italic> gene of <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/italic>","volume":"4","author":"A Jann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7051","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.7051","article-title":"A site-specific recombinase is required for competitive root colonization by <italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/italic> WCS365","volume":"95","author":"LC Dekkers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39579","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039579","article-title":"A novel 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from <italic>Rahnella aquatilis<\/italic> with significantly reduced glyphosate sensitivity","volume":"7","author":"RH Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.066","article-title":"Systematic annotation and analysis of &quot;virmugens&quot;-Virulence factors whose mutants can be used as live attenuated vaccines","volume":"31","author":"R Racz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1998.1894","article-title":"The entericidin locus of <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> and its implications for programmed bacterial cell death","volume":"280","author":"RE Bishop","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.09.014","article-title":"Outer membrane protein UspA1 and lipooligosaccharide are involved in invasion of human epithelial cells by <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic>","volume":"10","author":"V Spaniol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3574","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00121-10","article-title":"Genome analysis of <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> strain BBH18, a human respiratory tract pathogen","volume":"192","author":"SP de Vries","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2006.03.013","article-title":"Cell biology of molybdenum","volume":"1763","author":"RR Mendel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05075.x","article-title":"5&apos;-Adenosinephosphosulphate reductase (CysH) protects <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> against free radicals during chronic infection phase in mice","volume":"59","author":"RH Senaratne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7569","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7569-7577.2005","article-title":"<italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> bacterium without endotoxin, a potential vaccine candidate","volume":"73","author":"D Peng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.5.1540-1551.2001","article-title":"Expression of the <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> UspA1 protein undergoes phase variation and is regulated at the transcriptional level","volume":"183","author":"ER Lafontaine","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.7.2285-2295.2003","article-title":"The <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> immunoglobulin D-binding protein MID has conserved sequences and is regulated by a mechanism corresponding to phase variation","volume":"185","author":"A M\u00f6llenkvist","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1126","article-title":"Insights into host responses against pathogens from transcriptional profiling","volume":"3","author":"RG Jenner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5846","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.9.5846","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC) expressed in liver. Chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and gene localization on chromosome 2","volume":"272","author":"K Hieshima","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4470","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.8.4470","article-title":"Regulated production and molecular diversity of human liver and activation-regulated chemokine\/macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha from normal and transformed cells","volume":"165","author":"E Schutyser","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2164","article-title":"Provocative exhibits at the Seventeen Gallery","volume":"12","author":"M Swamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39896-5","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induction of novel gene products in human endothelial cells including a macrophage-specific chemotaxin","volume":"265","author":"VM Dixit","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0289OC","article-title":"<italic>Moraxella<\/italic>-dependent alpha 1-antichymotrypsin neutralization: a unique virulence mechanism","volume":"38","author":"T Manolov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L818","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00428.2005","article-title":"<italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> induces inflammatory response of bronchial epithelial cells via MAPK and NF-kappaB activation and histone deacetylase activity reduction","volume":"290","author":"H Slevogt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01278-12","article-title":"Influenza-induced inflammation drives pneumococcal otitis media","volume":"81","author":"KR Short","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2009.03.001","article-title":"The incidence of <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/italic> otitis media is affected by the polymicrobial environment particularly <italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/italic> in a mouse nasal colonisation model","volume":"11","author":"A Krishnamurthy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043012","article-title":"ESSENTIALS: software for rapid analysis of high throughput transposon insertion sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"A Zomer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1530509100","article-title":"Statistical significance for genomewide studies","volume":"100","author":"JD Storey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0072193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T01:50:34Z","timestamp":1646272234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0072193"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Patrick\u00a0M","family":"Schlievert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0072193","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]}}}