{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:23:59Z","timestamp":1792653839107,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,17]],"date-time":"2013-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,17]],"date-time":"2013-09-17T21:06:41Z","timestamp":1379452001000},"page":"e73066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Multilocus Sequence Typing of Borrelia burgdorferi Suggests Existence of Lineages with Differential Pathogenic Properties in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Klara","family":"Hanincova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas H.","family":"Ogden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Margos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary P.","family":"Wormser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt D.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Meece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary F.","family":"Vandermause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dennis DE, Hayes EB (2002) In: Gary SJ, Kahl O, Lane RS, Stanek G, editors. Lyme borreliosis: Biology, Epidemiology and Control. CABI publishing, Oxford, UK. 251\u2013280.","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996325.0251"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Center of Disease Control and Prevention (2012) Lyme Disease - United States, Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/lyme\/stats\/index.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/lyme\/stats\/index.html<\/ext-link>.Accessed 14 March 2013."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1086\/508667","article-title":"The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"43","author":"GP Wormser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-006-0688-9","article-title":"Hematogenous dissemination in early Lyme disease","volume":"118","author":"GP Wormser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.02.008","article-title":"Co-evolution of the outer surface protein C gene (<italic>ospC<\/italic>) and intraspecific lineages of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto in the northeastern United States","volume":"7","author":"O Attie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26944-0","article-title":"Sequence typing reveals extensive strain diversity of the Lyme borreliosis agents <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> in North America and <italic>Borrelia afzelii<\/italic> in Europe","volume":"150","author":"J Bunikis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8730","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800323105","article-title":"MLST of housekeeping genes captures geographic population structure and suggests a European origin of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"105","author":"G Margos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00153","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00153-10","article-title":"Evolution and distribution of the <italic>ospC<\/italic> gene, a transferable serotype determinant of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"1","author":"AG Barbour","year":"2010","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.5.1306-1309.1996","article-title":"Molecular typing of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> from Lyme disease patients by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis","volume":"34","author":"D Liveris","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/160.3.833","article-title":"Geographic uniformity of the Lyme disease spirochete (<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>) and its shared history with tick vector (<italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/italic>) in the Northeastern United States","volume":"160","author":"WG Qiu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"203","article-title":"A population genetic study of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto from eastern Long Island, New York, suggested frequency-dependent selection, gene flow and host adaptation","volume":"127","author":"WG Qiu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/151.1.15","article-title":"Genetic diversity of <italic>ospC<\/italic> in a local population of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto","volume":"151","author":"IN Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5008","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00479-08","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto is clonal in patients with early Lyme borreliosis","volume":"74","author":"K Hanincova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3518-3524.1999","article-title":"Four clones of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto cause invasive infection in humans","volume":"67","author":"G Seinost","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.028738","article-title":"<italic>ospC<\/italic> diversity in <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>: different hosts are different niches","volume":"168","author":"D Brisson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01077-06","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> genetic markers and disseminated disease in patients with early Lyme disease","volume":"44","author":"KL Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1204.051016","article-title":"Epidemic spread of Lyme borreliosis, northeastern United States","volume":"12","author":"K Hanincova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1086\/314922","article-title":"Association of specific subtypes of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> with hematogenous dissemination in early Lyme disease","volume":"180","author":"GP Wormser","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1086\/592279","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> genotype predicts the capacity for hematogenous dissemination during early Lyme disease","volume":"198","author":"GP Wormser","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.806","article-title":"The propensity of different <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto genotypes to cause disseminated infections in humans","volume":"78","author":"DE Dykhuizen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.018","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> RST1 (OspC type A) genotype is associated with greater inflammation and more severe Lyme disease","volume":"178","author":"K Strle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7869","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.7869-7877.2005","article-title":"Demonstration of OspC type diversity in invasive human Lyme disease isolates and identification of previously uncharacterized epitopes that define the specificity of the OspC murine antibody response","volume":"73","author":"CG Earnhart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1606.090329","article-title":"Evolution of northeastern and midwestern <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>, United States","volume":"16","author":"D Brisson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0423","article-title":"Bacterial population genetics, evolution and epidemiology","volume":"354","author":"BG Spratt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3554","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01950-05","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> OspC protein required exclusively in a crucial early stage of mammalian infection","volume":"74","author":"K Tilly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13745.x","article-title":"Evidence for frequent OspC gene transfer between <italic>Borrelia valaisiana<\/italic> sp. nov. and other Lyme disease spirochetes","volume":"177","author":"G Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02066-2","article-title":"The implications of a low rate of horizontal transfer in <italic>Borrelia<\/italic>","volume":"9","author":"DE Dykhuizen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.130773","article-title":"Pervasive recombination and sympatric genome diversification driven by frequency-dependent selection in <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>, the Lyme disease bacterium","volume":"189","author":"J Haven","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3140","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing: a portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms","volume":"95","author":"MC Maiden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.59.030804.121325","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing of bacteria","volume":"60","author":"MC Maiden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4492","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.12.4492-4498.2000","article-title":"Carried meningococci in the Czech Republic: a diverse recombining population","volume":"38","author":"KA Jolley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-11-3049","article-title":"A multilocus sequence typing scheme for <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/italic>: identification of clones associated with serious invasive disease","volume":"144","author":"MC Enright","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.977-986.2000","article-title":"Identification of the major Spanish clones of penicillin-resistant pneumococci via the Internet using multilocus sequence typing","volume":"38","author":"J Zhou","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1008-1015.2000","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing for characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible clones of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic>","volume":"38","author":"MC Enright","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122108599","article-title":"The evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (MRSA)","volume":"99","author":"MC Enright","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.11.3307-3316.2003","article-title":"How clonal is <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic>?","volume":"185","author":"EJ Feil","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.14-23.2001","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing system for <italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/italic>","volume":"39","author":"KE Dingle","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.15-26.2003","article-title":"Comparative genotyping of <italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/italic> by amplified fragment length polymorphism, multilocus sequence typing, and short repeat sequencing: strain diversity, host range, and recombination","volume":"41","author":"LM Schouls","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.2003.01270.x","article-title":"Reference isolates for the clonal complexes of <italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/italic>","volume":"36","author":"DR Wareing","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001346","article-title":"Multi-locus sequence typing of <italic>Bartonella henselae<\/italic> isolates from three continents reveals hypervirulent and feline-associated clones","volume":"2","author":"M Arvand","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02636-10","article-title":"Investigation of genotypes of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> in <italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/italic> ticks collected during surveillance in Canada","volume":"77","author":"NH Ogden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6059","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00231-12","article-title":"Two boundaries separate <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> populations in North America","volume":"78","author":"G Margos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15013","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903810106","article-title":"Phylogeography of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> in the eastern United States reflects multiple independent Lyme disease emergence events","volume":"106","author":"AG Hoen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5410","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00116-09","article-title":"A new <italic>Borrelia<\/italic> species defined by multilocus sequence analysis of housekeeping genes","volume":"75","author":"G Margos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114362","article-title":"Differentiation of reinfection from relapse in recurrent Lyme disease","volume":"367","author":"RB Nadelman","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6124","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00459-06","article-title":"Comparative genome hybridization reveals substantial variation among clinical isolates of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto with different pathogenic properties","volume":"188","author":"D Terekhova","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22926","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022926","article-title":"Biodiversity of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> strains in tissues of Lyme disease patients","volume":"6","author":"D Brisson","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4303-4312.2001","article-title":"Impact of genotypic variation of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto on kinetics of dissemination and severity of disease in C3H\/HeJ mice","volume":"69","author":"G Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1086\/343043","article-title":"Disease severity in a murine model of Lyme borreliosis is associated with the genotype of the infecting <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto strain","volume":"186","author":"G Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07103.x","article-title":"Identification of residues within ligand-binding domain 1 (LBD1) of the <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> OspC protein required for function in the mammalian environment","volume":"76","author":"CG Earnhart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2572-2583.2002","article-title":"Genetic diversity of the outer surface protein C gene of southern <italic>Borrelia<\/italic> isolates and its possible epidemiological, clinical, and pathogenetic implications","volume":"40","author":"T Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1086\/382594","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> infection in a natural population of <italic>Peromyscus leucopus<\/italic> mice: a longitudinal study in an area where Lyme Borreliosis is highly endemic","volume":"189","author":"J Bunikis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0222","article-title":"Presence of multiple variants of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> in the natural reservoir <italic>Peromyscus leucopus<\/italic> throughout a transmission season","volume":"8","author":"KI Swanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1607.091452","article-title":"Geographic differences in genetic locus linkages for <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"16","author":"B Travinsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10650","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010650","article-title":"Genotypic Variation and Mixtures of Lyme Borrelia in <italic>Ixodes<\/italic> Ticks from North America and Europe","volume":"5","author":"CD Crowder","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.3.652-656.1996","article-title":"Multiple infections of <italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/italic> ticks by <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> as revealed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis","volume":"34","author":"DS Guttman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02479-10","article-title":"Diverse <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> strains in a bird-tick cryptic cycle","volume":"77","author":"SA Hamer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.3201\/eid\/1407.070880","article-title":"Wide distribution of a high-virulence <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> clone in Europe and North America","volume":"14","author":"WG Qiu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maupin GO, Fish D, Zultowsky J, Campos EG, Piesman J (1991) Landscape Ecology of Lyme Disease in a Residential Area of Westchester County, New York. Am J Epidemiol 133.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115823"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115057","article-title":"Ticks Parasitizing Humans in a Lyme Disease Endemic Area of Southern New York State","volume":"128","author":"C Falco","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402745101","article-title":"Genetic exchange and plasmid transfers in <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> sensu stricto revealed by three-way genome comparisons and multilocus sequence typing","volume":"101","author":"WG Qiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurtenbach K, Gatewood A, Bent SJ, Vollmer SA, Ogden NH, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2010) Population Biology of Lyme Borreliosis Spirochetes. In: Robinson DA, Falush D, Feil EJ, editors. Bacterial Population Genetics in Infectious Disease. 217\u2013245.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470600122.ch12"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/154.4.1439","article-title":"Estimating recombinational parameters in <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/italic> from multilocus sequence typing data","volume":"154","author":"EJ Feil","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4002","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004002","article-title":"Fine-scale phylogeographic structure of <italic>Borrelia lusitaniae<\/italic> revealed by multilocus sequence typing","volume":"3","author":"LR Vitorino","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.5.1518-1530.2004","article-title":"eBURST: inferring patterns of evolutionary descent among clusters of related bacterial genotypes from multilocus sequence typing data","volume":"186","author":"EJ Feil","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-30","article-title":"Assessing the reliability of eBURST using simulated populations with known ancestry","volume":"7","author":"KM Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.1.182","article-title":"Recombination within natural populations of pathogenic bacteria: short-term empirical estimates and long-term phylogenetic consequences","volume":"98","author":"EJ Feil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6702","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6702-6706.2004","article-title":"Variations in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly culture medium modulate infectivity and pathogenicity of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> clinical isolates","volume":"72","author":"G Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.12.3082-3088.1992","article-title":"Diagnosis of early Lyme disease by polymerase chain reaction amplification and culture of skin biopsies from erythema migrans lesions","volume":"30","author":"I Schwartz","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/99.1.104","article-title":"Isolation of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> from skin biopsy specimens of patients with erythema migrans","volume":"1","author":"PD Mitchell","year":"1993","journal-title":"American journal of clinical pathology"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user friendly biological sequence alignment editor an analysis program for Window 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"TA Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp Ser"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010","article-title":"New Algorithms and Methods to Estimate Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies: Assessing the Performance of PhyML 3.0","volume":"59","author":"S Guindon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","article-title":"MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods","volume":"28","author":"K Tamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn083","article-title":"jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging","volume":"25","author":"D Posada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-152","article-title":"Global optimal eBURST analysis of multilocus typing data using a graphic matroid approach","volume":"10","author":"AP Francisco","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0073066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T09:33:10Z","timestamp":1646559190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0073066"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,17]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0073066","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,17]]}}}