{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T17:54:48Z","timestamp":1785261288069,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,10]],"date-time":"2013-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]],"date-time":"2013-09-11T09:24:32Z","timestamp":1378891472000},"page":"e74097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Stochastic Simulation of Endemic Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi: The Importance of Long Lasting Immunity and the Carrier State"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Allan","family":"Saul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Maire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197010012831406","article-title":"Typhoid fever: pathogenesis and immunologic control. 2","volume":"283","author":"RB Hornick","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400015680","article-title":"Second attacks of typhoid fever","volume":"51","author":"DE Marmion","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"49","article-title":"Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper","volume":"83","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1048","article-title":"Conjugate vaccines for enteric fever: proceedings of a meeting organized in New Delhi, India in 2009","volume":"4","author":"A Podda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25398","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025398","article-title":"Safety, immunogenicity and dose ranging of a new Vi-CRM<sub>197<\/sub> conjugate vaccine against typhoid fever: randomized clinical testing in healthy adults","volume":"6","author":"P van Damme","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5806","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.11.5806-5810.1999","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of Vi conjugate vaccines for typhoid fever in adults, teenagers, and 2- to 4-year-old children in Vietnam","volume":"67","author":"Z Kossaczka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"53","article-title":"Epidemiological model of typhoid fever and its use in the planning and evaluation of antityphoid immunization and sanitation programmes","volume":"45","author":"B Cvjetanovic","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.12.032","article-title":"An optimization model for reducing typhoid cases in developing countries without increasing public spending","volume":"27","author":"DT Lauria","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"181","article-title":"Cause-specific mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa and Bangladesh","volume":"84","author":"M Adjuik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population division (2013) World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/Excel-Data\/population.htm\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wpp\/Excel-Data\/population.htm<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 6-8-2013."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197009242831306","article-title":"Typhoid fever: pathogenesis and immunologic control","volume":"283","author":"RB Hornick","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)00186-5","article-title":"Immunogenicity, efficacy and serological correlate of protection of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine three years after immunization","volume":"14","author":"KP Klugman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200105000-00010","article-title":"Typhoid fever in Bangladesh: implications for vaccination policy","volume":"20","author":"SK Saha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.03.010","article-title":"Typhoid fever in children: some epidemiological considerations from Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"FJ Siddiqui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181e39f8b","article-title":"Incidence of typhoid bacteremia in infants and young children in southern coastal Pakistan","volume":"29","author":"A Owais","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.12.1228","article-title":"Neonatal typhoid fever","volume":"61","author":"KC Chin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.50.1.67","article-title":"Enteric fever in young Yoruba children","volume":"50","author":"MB Duggan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.10.019","article-title":"The malaria and typhoid fever burden in the slums of Kolkata, India: data from a prospective community-based study","volume":"100","author":"D Sur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80492-8","article-title":"Benign bacteremia caused by Salmonella typhi and paratyphi in children younger than 2 years","volume":"104","author":"C Ferreccio","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09001-1","article-title":"Typhoid fever in children aged less than 5 years","volume":"354","author":"A Sinha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.75.3.214","article-title":"Impact of age and drug resistance on mortality in typhoid fever","volume":"75","author":"ZA Bhutta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.644","article-title":"The epidemiology of typhoid fever in the Dong Thap Province, Mekong Delta region of Vietnam","volume":"62","author":"FY Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.039818","article-title":"A study of typhoid fever in five Asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls","volume":"86","author":"RL Ochiai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7185-2_3","article-title":"New advances in typhoid Fever vaccination strategies","volume":"697","author":"ZA Bhutta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807521","article-title":"A cluster-randomized effectiveness trial of Vi typhoid vaccine in India","volume":"361","author":"D Sur","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Regional Meterological Center Kolkata (2013) Climate of Kolkata at a Glance. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.imdkolkata.gov.in\/tourist\/kolkata_tourism_weather_info_1.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.imdkolkata.gov.in\/tourist\/kolkata_tourism_weather_info_1.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 6-8-2013."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-187","article-title":"Estimating the impact of school closure on social mixing behaviour and the transmission of close contact infections in eight European countries","volume":"9","author":"N Hens","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13988","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013988","article-title":"The burden and characteristics of enteric fever at a healthcare facility in a densely populated area of Kathmandu","volume":"5","author":"A Karkey","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"445","article-title":"Effectiveness of oral killed typhoid vaccine","volume":"45","author":"CS Chuttani","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever","volume":"82","author":"JA Crump","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.6.724","article-title":"Precise estimation of the numbers of chronic carriers of Salmonella typhi in Santiago, Chile, an endemic area","volume":"146","author":"MM Levine","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.06.005","article-title":"Evaluation of community-based serologic screening for identification of chronic Salmonella typhi carriers in Vietnam","volume":"10","author":"A Gupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0074097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T00:39:39Z","timestamp":1646527179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0074097"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Christopher V.","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0074097","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,10]]}}}