{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:38:40Z","timestamp":1789663120180,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381449600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"headed\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clear guidelines on the health effects of dairy food are important given the high prevalence of obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and increasing global consumption of dairy food.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"headed\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effects of increased dairy food on cardio metabolic risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"headed\"><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>Searches were performed until April 2013 using MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google,Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, reference lists of articles, and proceedings of major meetings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"headed\"><jats:title>Study Selection<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized controlled studies with healthy adults randomized to increased dairy food for more than one month without additional interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"headed\"><jats:title>Data Extraction and Synthesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>A standard list was used to extract descriptive, methodological and key variables from all eligible studies. If data was not included in the published report corresponding authors were contacted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"headed\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>20 studies with 1677 participants with a median duration of dietary change of 26 (IQR 10-39) weeks and mean increase in dairy food intake of 3.6 (SD 0.92) serves\/day were included.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Increased dairy food intake was associated with a modest weight gain (+0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.84kg, p&lt;0.0001) but no significant change in waist circumference (0.35 , -0.75 to 1.45 cm); insulin resistance (HOMA \u2013IR -0.94 , -1.93 to 0.05 units); fasting glucose (0.87, -0.27 to 2.01 mg\/dl); LDL-cholesterol (1.36 ,-2.38 to 5.09 mg\/dl); HDL-cholesterol (0.45, -2.13 to 3.04 mg\/dl); systolic (-0.13, -1.73 to 1.98 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (0.13, -1.73 to 1.98 mmHg) or C-reactive protein (-0.08, -0.63 to 0.48 mg\/L). Results were similar for studies with low-fat and whole-fat dairy interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"headed\"><jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most clinical trials were small and of modest quality. .<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"headed\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing whole fat and low fat dairy food consumption increases weight but has minor effects on other cardio-metabolic risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"headed\"><jats:title>Trial Registration ACTRN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000401752,<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"headed\"><jats:title>Ethics Approval Number<\/jats:title><jats:p>NTX\/10\/11\/115<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T03:18:29Z","timestamp":1381547909000},"page":"e76480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Effects of High and Low Fat Dairy Food on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Studies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jocelyne R.","family":"Benatar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karishma","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph A. 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