{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:24:56Z","timestamp":1790439896285,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]],"date-time":"2013-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382054400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]],"date-time":"2013-10-18T21:07:23Z","timestamp":1382130443000},"page":"e77578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["In-Vivo Efficacy of Compliant 3D Nano-Composite in Critical-Size Bone Defect Repair: a Six Month Preclinical Study in Rabbit"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nitin","family":"Sagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok K.","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Gurbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kainat","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhirendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhushan P.","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek P.","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naibedya","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Dhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayesh R.","family":"Bellare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(200105)55:2<141::AID-JBM1000>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Biodegradable polymeric scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue engineering","volume":"55","author":"CM Agrawal","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1021\/bm301995s","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Nanostructure-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering","volume":"14","author":"G Lalwani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00139-3","article-title":"Resorbable bioceramics based on stabilized calcium phosphates. Part II: evaluation of biological response","volume":"22","author":"S Langstaff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00153-9","article-title":"Bone repair in radii and tibias of rabbits with phosphorylated chitosan reinforced calcium phosphate cements","volume":"23","author":"XH Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00122290","article-title":"Bone repair of defects filled with a phosphocalcic hydraulic cement: An in vivo study","volume":"4","author":"E Munting","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1021\/bm701124p","article-title":"Properties of Synthetic Spider Silk Fibers Based on Argiope aurantia MaSp2","volume":"9","author":"AE Brooks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1021\/bm7007982","article-title":"In Situ Cross-Linking of Elastin-like Polypeptide Block Copolymers for Tissue Repair","volume":"9","author":"DW Lim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.08.042","article-title":"Enhanced endothelialization for developing artificial vascular networks with a natural vessel mimicking the luminal surface in scaffolds","volume":"9","author":"T-Y Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Construction of A Fluorescent Nanostructured Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold by Nanocrystallon Induced Biomimetic Mineralization and Its Cell Biocompatibility. ACS","author":"G Wang","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.01.022","article-title":"Bulk and interface investigations of scaffolds and tissue-engineered bones by X-ray microtomography and X-ray microdiffraction","volume":"28","author":"R Cancedda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.12.068","article-title":"Biomimetic nanofibrous gelatin\/apatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"30","author":"X Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16813","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016813","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Responses to Bone-Mimetic Electrospun Matrices Composed of Polycaprolactone, Collagen I and Nanoparticulate Hydroxyapatite","volume":"6","author":"MC Phipps","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201103083","article-title":"Biomimetic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering","volume":"22","author":"TG Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1021\/bm200083n","article-title":"Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels As Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review","volume":"12","author":"S Van Vlierberghe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1021\/la303693d","article-title":"Preparation of a Partially Calcified Gelatin Membrane as a Model for a Soft-to-Hard Tissue Interface","volume":"29","author":"M Aviv-Gavriel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2006.07.011","article-title":"Effect of phosphate functional groups on the calcification capacity of acrylic hydrogels","volume":"3","author":"TV Chirila","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2008.12.027","article-title":"Surface modification of P(EMA-co-HEA)\/SiO<sub>2<\/sub> nanohybrids for faster hydroxyapatite deposition in simulated body fluid?","volume":"70","author":"A Vall\u00e9s Lluch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042525","article-title":"Porous Surface Modified Bioactive Bone Cement for Enhanced Bone Bonding","volume":"7","author":"Q He","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32502","article-title":"Biomimetic chitosan-calcium phosphate composites with potential applications as bone substitutes: Preparation and characterization","volume":"100 B","author":"CE Tanase","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057564","article-title":"In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Zinc-Modified Ca\u2013Si-Based Ceramic Coating for Bone Implants","volume":"8","author":"J Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12031876","article-title":"Chitin Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering","volume":"12","author":"R Jayakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(19980915)41:4<541::AID-JBM5>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Preparation of a chitin-apatite composite by in situ precipitation onto porous chitin scaffolds","volume":"41","author":"ACA Wan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(96)89778-X","article-title":"Promotion of calcification on carboxymethylchitin discs","volume":"17","author":"AGA Wan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(98)00046-5","article-title":"The influence of anionic chitin derivatives on calcium phosphate crystallization","volume":"19","author":"E Khor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1021\/bm0001345","article-title":"O-carboxymethyl-chitin concentration in granulocytes during bone repair","volume":"2","author":"S Tokura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"A New developments in polymer-controlled, bioinspired calcium phosphate mineralization from aqueous solution","author":"K Bleek","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(01)00247-2","article-title":"Study of a chitin-based gel as injectable material in periodontal surgery","volume":"23","author":"P G\u00e9rentes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2004.11.022","article-title":"Experimental studies on hydroxyapatite powder-carboxymethyl chitin composite: Injectable material for bone augmentation","volume":"59","author":"H Uda","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54838","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054838","article-title":"The Impact of Compact Layer in Biphasic Scaffold on Osteochondral Tissue Engineering","volume":"8","author":"H Da","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201000838","article-title":"Silica-Gelatin Hybrids with Tailorable Degradation and Mechanical Properties for Tissue Regeneration","volume":"20","author":"O Mahony","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1021\/bm0255037","article-title":"Characterization of a Genetically Engineered Elastin-like Polypeptide for Cartilaginous Tissue Repair","volume":"3","author":"H Betre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35760","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035760","article-title":"Long-Term Results of Cell-Free Biodegradable Scaffolds for In Situ Tissue-Engineering Vasculature: In a Canine Inferior Vena Cava Model","volume":"7","author":"G Matsumura","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200901040","article-title":"Advances and Applications of Biodegradable Elastomers in Regenerative Medicine","volume":"20","author":"MC Serrano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31983","article-title":"Influence of carboxymethyl chitin on stability and biocompatibility of 3D nanohydroxyapatite\/gelatin\/carboxymethyl chitin composite for bone tissue engineering","volume":"100 B","author":"N Sagar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.434","article-title":"A novel quercetin analogue from a medicinal plant promotes peak bone mass achievement and bone healing after injury and exerts an anabolic effect on osteoporotic bone: the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a mediator of osteogenic action","volume":"26","author":"K Sharan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.11.2033","article-title":"A novel, non-prostanoid EP2 receptor-selective prostaglandin E2 agonist stimulates local bone formation and enhances fracture healing","volume":"18","author":"M Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/term.186","article-title":"Bone healing performance of electrophoretically deposited apatite-wollastonite\/chitosan coating on titanium implants in rabbit tibiae","volume":"3","author":"S Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200009000-00033","article-title":"Is human fracture hematoma inherently angiogenic?","volume":"378","author":"J Street","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B5.2211764","article-title":"The osteogenetic potential of fracture haematoma. Subperiosteal and intramuscular transplantation of the haematoma","volume":"72-B","author":"K Mizuno","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200600420","article-title":"Cytocompatible Hydrogels Based on Photocrosslinkable Methacrylated O-Carboxymethylchitosan with Tunable Charge: Synthesis and Characterization","volume":"17","author":"YF Poon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Bolander ME. Regulation of fracture repair and synthesis of matrix macromolecules","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200206000-00022","article-title":"The Role of Growth Factors in the Repair of Bone Biology and Clinical Applications","volume":"84","author":"JR Lieberman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Bones and joints"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.07.049","article-title":"Bone bonding at natural and biomaterial surfaces","volume":"28","author":"JE Davies","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"The concept of interfragmentary strain","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"287","article-title":"Bone healing: histologic and physiologic concepts","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.03.019","article-title":"Development of silk-based scaffolds for tissue engineering of bone from human adipose-derived stem cells","volume":"8","author":"C Correia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"17","article-title":"Assessing angiogenesis during fracture healing","volume":"26","author":"C Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.02.033","article-title":"Non-mulberry silk gland fibroin protein 3-D scaffold for enhanced differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into osteocytes","volume":"5","author":"BB Mandal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201100275","article-title":"Biomimetic Structures: Biological Implications of Dipeptide-Substituted Polyphosphazene\u2013Polyester Blend Nanofiber Matrices for Load-Bearing Bone Regeneration","volume":"21","author":"M Deng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.1.1.19","article-title":"Tissue engineering: orthopedic applications","volume":"1","author":"CT Laurencin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01673402","article-title":"A new theory of bone lamellation","volume":"53","author":"G Marotti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.3.1740237","article-title":"Bone structure: from angstroms to microns","volume":"6","author":"S Weiner","year":"1992","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.02.006","article-title":"Cell proliferation and migration in silk fibroin 3D scaffolds","volume":"30","author":"BB Mandal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.09.063","article-title":"The effect of mean pore size on cell attachment, proliferation and migration in collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"31","author":"CM Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025236","article-title":"In Vivo Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Surface Modified Hemodialysis Polysulfone Hollow Fibers in Rat","volume":"6","author":"GJ Dahe","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0077578","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:34:02Z","timestamp":1564533242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0077578"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ryan\u00a0K.","family":"Roeder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0077578","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]]}}}