{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T15:49:31Z","timestamp":1791992971368,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]],"date-time":"2013-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383868800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]],"date-time":"2013-11-08T17:08:05Z","timestamp":1383930485000},"page":"e79603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of Drugs in Cachectic Patients: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Katja","family":"Trobec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojca","family":"Kerec Kos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"von Haehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan D.","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitja","family":"Lainscak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1997.0254","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetic registration file for NDA and ANDA procedures","volume":"36","author":"A Marzo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22253","article-title":"Drug delivery trends in clinical trials and translational medicine: evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties in special populations","volume":"100","author":"JY Chien","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.013","article-title":"Cachexia: a new definition","volume":"27","author":"WJ Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0031-9","article-title":"Pitfalls in defining and quantifying cachexia","volume":"2","author":"VE Baracos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Studies on the lipid metabolism of Walker 256 tumour-bearing rats during the development of cancer cachexia","volume":"39","author":"MC Seelaender","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Biol Int"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32831cef61","article-title":"Inflammatory burden and amino acid metabolism in cancer cachexia","volume":"12","author":"WJ Durham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339502300202","article-title":"An introduction to drug disposition: the basic principles of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion","volume":"23","author":"J Caldwell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-012-1266-x","article-title":"Impact of cachexia on pharmacokinetic disposition of and clinical responses to oxycodone in cancer patients","volume":"68","author":"T Naito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.04.012","article-title":"Transdermal fentanyl in cachectic cancer patients","volume":"144","author":"T Heiskanen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-005-0012-9","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of carboplatin AUC dosing in patients with a BMI&gt;or=27 or cachexia","volume":"57","author":"JD Herrington","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1999.00069.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of rifabutin in HIV-infected patients with or without wasting syndrome","volume":"48","author":"G Gatti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp358","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-infected children with and without malnutrition receiving divided adult fixed-dose combination tablets","volume":"64","author":"L Pollock","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0306-5251.2001.01389.x","article-title":"Increased oral ganciclovir bioavailability in HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhoea and wasting syndrome-a population pharmacokinetic study","volume":"51","author":"S Mouly","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200008010-00008","article-title":"Oral ganciclovir systemic exposure is enhanced in HIV-infected patients with diarrhea and weight loss","volume":"24","author":"S Mouly","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.2.538-545.2004","article-title":"Enhanced saquinavir exposure in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with diarrhea and\/or wasting syndrome","volume":"48","author":"H Trout","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702003000100003","article-title":"AIDS-associated diarrhea and wasting in Northeast Brazil is associated with subtherapeutic plasma levels of antiretroviral medications and with both bovine and human subtypes of Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"7","author":"RK Brantley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.8.2017","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of rifabutin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients","volume":"42","author":"G Gatti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-010-1288-y","article-title":"An exploratory study of body composition as a determinant of epirubicin pharmacokinetics and toxicity","volume":"67","author":"CM Prado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2002.01598.x","article-title":"Relationships between body composition parameters and fluorouracil pharmacokinetics","volume":"54","author":"M Gusella","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1159\/000238500","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in Indian children and its relationship to nutritional status","volume":"33","author":"RV Kumar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.2165\/11313400-000000000-00000","article-title":"Refinement of the population pharmacokinetic model for the monoclonal antibody matuzumab: external model evaluation and simulations","volume":"48","author":"K Kuester","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq1126","article-title":"DrugBank. p. 3.0: a comprehensive resource for &apos;omics&apos; research on drugs","volume":"39","author":"C Knox","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Date","author":"UpTo","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1595\/147106712X654204","article-title":"3-hydroxycarboplatin, a simple carboplatin derivative endowed with an improved toxicological profile","volume":"56","author":"W Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Platinum Met Rev"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270007307572","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine administered as a fixed-dose combination formulation versus coadministration of the individual products","volume":"47","author":"JF Marier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref27"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Invirase (saquinavir mesylate capsules and tablets for oral use): Prescribing Information [online]","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genentech Inc. Accessed"},{"key":"ref29"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp100226","article-title":"Availability of information for dosing injectable medications in underweight or obese patients","volume":"67","author":"KA Jacques","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-010-0002-6","article-title":"Cachexia as a major underestimated and unmet medical need: facts and numbers","volume":"1","author":"S von Haehling","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.4.735","article-title":"Cachexia: pathophysiology and clinical relevance","volume":"83","author":"JE Morley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(1998)78:11+<48::AID-IJC14>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Impact of nutrition on pharmacokinetics of anti-neoplastic agents","volume":"11","author":"DJ Murry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Cancer Suppl"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-010-0851-0","article-title":"A systematic review of pharmacokinetics studies in children with protein-energy malnutrition","volume":"66","author":"KA Oshikoya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2165\/11598930-000000000-00000","article-title":"The relationship between drug clearance and body size: systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature published from 2000 to 2007","volume":"51","author":"SC McLeay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.15.7.562","article-title":"Malignancy, weight loss, and the small intestinal mucosa","volume":"15","author":"RE Barry","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.07.016","article-title":"Altered intestinal function in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"50","author":"A Sandek","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.10.083","article-title":"The small intestine: a critical linkage in pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia","volume":"146","author":"A Sandek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.11.103","article-title":"Collagen accumulation and dysfunctional mucosal barrier of the small intestine in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"125","author":"GP Arutyunov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/25.2.144","article-title":"Fat malabsorption in elderly patients with cardiac cachexia","volume":"25","author":"D King","year":"1996","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02690-8","article-title":"The endotoxin-lipoprotein hypothesis","volume":"356","author":"M Rauchhaus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2011.11.026","article-title":"Adipose tissue volume is decreased in recently diagnosed cancer patients with cachexia","volume":"28","author":"T Agustsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"63","article-title":"Body composition in cancer cachexia","volume":"17","author":"KCH Fearon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infusionstherapie"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Prevalence of cachexia in chronic heart failure and characteristics of body composition and metabolic status [Published online ahead of print Nov 22, 2012]","author":"HM Christensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-199807000-00008","article-title":"Body composition measurements during wasting diseases","volume":"1","author":"C Pichard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.12.004","article-title":"Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) &quot;cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases&quot; and &quot;nutrition in geriatrics.&quot;","volume":"29","author":"M Muscaritoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00812.x","article-title":"Relationships among liver and kidney volumes, lean body mass and drug clearance","volume":"46","author":"S Nawaratne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199426040-00005","article-title":"Lean body mass as a predictor of drug dosage. Implications for drug therapy","volume":"26","author":"DJ Morgan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-8-85","article-title":"The relationship among acute-phase response proteins, cytokines and hormones in cachectic patients with colon cancer","volume":"8","author":"O Kemik","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.07.042","article-title":"Nutritional markers and prognosis in cardiac cachexia","volume":"146","author":"JP Ara\u00fajo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.3.876","article-title":"Enhanced generation of interleukins 1 beta and 6 may contribute to the cachexia of chronic disease","volume":"65","author":"T Cederholm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"5910","article-title":"Glucose metabolism in cachectic patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"44","author":"CP Holroyde","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"176","article-title":"Glycerol dynamics in weight-losing cancer patients","volume":"97","author":"E Ed\u00e9n","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1992.216","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in cancer cachexia","volume":"66","author":"HD Mulligan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Liver dysfunction and its nutritional implications in heart failure","author":"M Valentov\u00e1","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1996.tb00007.x","article-title":"Influence of clinicopathological variables on CYP protein expression in human liver","volume":"11","author":"J George","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.107.018747","article-title":"Regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in infection, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"36","author":"ET Morgan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1177\/0218492309349093","article-title":"Incidence and impact of cardiac cachexia in valvular surgery","volume":"17","author":"T Tepsuwan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2011.11.016","article-title":"Estimation of renal function in lung cancer patients","volume":"76","author":"K Trobec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0079-1","article-title":"Serum creatinine as a marker of muscle mass in chronic kidney disease: results of a cross-sectional study and review of literature","volume":"4","author":"SS Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Golnik Impact of Body Composition Changes and Cachexia on Bisoprolol and Ramipril Pharmacokinetics and Renal Function Estimation in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0079603","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T18:53:00Z","timestamp":1588963980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0079603"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"W\u00f6lfl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0079603","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]]}}}