{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:56:04Z","timestamp":1790031364942,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]],"date-time":"2013-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]],"date-time":"2013-12-10T21:33:32Z","timestamp":1386711212000},"page":"e82571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Natural Killer Cell-Dependent Anti-Fibrotic Pathway in Liver Injury via Toll-Like Receptor-9"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Abu-Tair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan H.","family":"Axelrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarit","family":"Doron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yossi","family":"Ovadya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valery","family":"Krizhanovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eithan","family":"Galun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rifaat","family":"Safadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32835da2c7","article-title":"Stories of love and hate: innate immunity and host-microbe crosstalk in the intestine","volume":"29","author":"P Rosenstiel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling and liver fibrosis. Gastroenterol","volume":"1","author":"T Aoyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Pract"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50182","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 mediates inflammatory signaling by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"37","author":"YH Paik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044266","article-title":"CD86 and IL-12p70 Are Key Players for T Helper 1 Polarization and Natural Killer Cell Activation by Toll-Like Receptor-Induced Dendritic Cells","volume":"9","author":"FS Lichtenegger","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1028","article-title":"TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome","volume":"5","author":"E Latz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh186","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in innate immunity","volume":"17","author":"K Takeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1267540","article-title":"Apoptosis as a mechanism for liver disease progression","volume":"30","author":"ME Guicciardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21867","article-title":"Apoptotic hepatocyte DNA inhibits hepatic stellate cell chemotaxis via toll-like receptor 9","volume":"46","author":"A Watanabe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.08.096","article-title":"Role of TLR9 in hepatic stellate cells and experimental liver fibrosis","volume":"376","author":"E G\u00e4bele","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0207100","article-title":"Cross-talk between toll-like receptors 5 and 9 on activation of human immune responses","volume":"82","author":"A Merlo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.3472","article-title":"Engagement of TLR3, TLR7, and NKG2D regulate IFN-gamma secretion but not NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity by human NK cells stimulated with suboptimal doses of IL-12","volume":"179","author":"MV Girart","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-007-0066-3","article-title":"Modulation of NK cell activity by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides","volume":"39","author":"ZK Ballas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2059","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of Toll-like receptor 9 activation","volume":"5","author":"AM Krieg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.12.025","article-title":"Anti-fibrotic activity of NK cells in experimental liver injury through killing of activated HSC","volume":"45","author":"A Melhem","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.06.049","article-title":"Senescence of activated stellate cells limits liver fibrosis","volume":"134","author":"V Krizhanovsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.211136","article-title":"Amelioration of hepatic fibrosis by NK cell activation","volume":"60","author":"N Muhanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2003.10.003","article-title":"TLR signaling pathways","volume":"16","author":"K Takeda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126","article-title":"Toll-like receptors","volume":"21","author":"K Takeda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2005.16.361","article-title":"Liver-targeted gene therapy by SV40-based vectors using the hydrodynamic injection method","volume":"16","author":"U Arad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.1.444","article-title":"Bone marrow transplantation in acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice: engraftment and cell migration into the brain as a function of radiation, age, and phenotype","volume":"90","author":"SR Miranda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1364","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00191.2011","article-title":"The direct profibrotic and indirect immune antifibrotic balance of blocking the cannabinoid 2 receptor","volume":"302","author":"Y Avraham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G628","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00137.2006","article-title":"Beneficial effect of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) on immune modulation of experimental hepatic fibrosis","volume":"292","author":"A Horani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22413","article-title":"Activation of hepatic stellate cells following phagocytosis of lymphocytes: a novel pathway of fibrogenesis","volume":"48","author":"N Muhanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.206","article-title":"Granule exocytosis mediates immune surveillance of senescent cells","volume":"32","author":"A Sagiv","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81902-9","article-title":"Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a","volume":"88","author":"M Serrano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Promotion of liver regeneration by natural killer cells in mice is dependent on extracellular ATP phosphohydrolysis","volume":"2","author":"N Graubardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1","article-title":"The improving effects on hepatic fibrosis of interferon-\u03b3 liposomes targeted to hepatic stellate cells","volume":"23","author":"Q Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.05.018","article-title":"Innate Immunity and Steatohepatitis: A Critical Role of another Toll (TLR-9)","volume":"139","author":"B Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22306","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and adaptor molecules in liver disease: update","volume":"48","author":"E Seki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.03.052","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 9 promotes steatohepatitis by induction of interleukin-1\u03b2 in mice","volume":"139","author":"K Miura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23365","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 9 inhibition confers protection from liver ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"51","author":"ZM Bamboat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5632-3_5","article-title":"Bridging innate NK cell functions with adaptive immunity","volume":"780","author":"E Marcenaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0800973","article-title":"TLR-9 activation aggravates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis via promoting accumulation and activation of liver CD4+ NKT cells","volume":"182","author":"W Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2059","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of Toll-like receptor 9 activation","volume":"5","author":"AM Krieg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1086\/499823","article-title":"Vigorous hepatitis C virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses induced by protein immunization in the presence of Montanide ISA720 plus synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing immunostimulatory cytosine-guanine dinucleotide motifs","volume":"193","author":"F Sugauchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20387","article-title":"Intrahepatic cytokine profile in renal-transplant patients infected by hepatitis C virus","volume":"76","author":"N Kamar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301400","article-title":"NKp46-mediated killing of human and mouse hepatic stellate cells attenuates liver fibrosis","volume":"61","author":"C Gur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-410936","article-title":"Pivotal role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in inflammation and NK-cell responses after TLR9 triggering in mice","volume":"120","author":"C Guillerey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0082571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T22:09:16Z","timestamp":1597183756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0082571"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"R.\u00a0Lee","family":"Mosley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0082571","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]]}}}