{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T02:25:38Z","timestamp":1782354338030,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T22:49:12Z","timestamp":1387320552000},"page":"e82715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Disrupted Topological Organization in Whole-Brain Functional Networks of Heroin-Dependent Individuals: A Resting-State fMRI Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Guihua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingwei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruibin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiwang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1539","article-title":"Drug addiction: the neurobiology of behaviour gone awry","volume":"5","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01367.x","article-title":"Opiate addiction in China: current situation and treatments","volume":"101","author":"YL Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(85)90022-3","article-title":"New concepts in cocaine addiction: the dopamine depletion hypothesis","volume":"9","author":"CA Dackis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.10.1642","article-title":"Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex","volume":"159","author":"RZ Goldstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.03.053","article-title":"Neural activity associated with cognitive regulation in heroin users: a fMRI study","volume":"382","author":"TM Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.03.012","article-title":"Resting state corticolimbic connectivity abnormalities in unmedicated bipolar disorder and unipolar depression","volume":"171","author":"A Anand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328306f2c5","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity in neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"21","author":"M Greicius","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9477","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0333-10.2010","article-title":"Functional connectivity and brain networks in schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"ME Lynall","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11102466","article-title":"Regional homogeneity changes in heroin-dependent individuals: resting-state functional MR imaging study","volume":"261","author":"YW Qiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.04.004","article-title":"Amplitude low-frequency oscillation abnormalities in the heroin users: a resting state fMRI study","volume":"57","author":"GH Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.05.038","article-title":"Dysfunctional connectivity patterns in chronic heroin users: an fMRI study","volume":"460","author":"J Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.08.037","article-title":"Addiction related alteration in resting-state brain connectivity","volume":"49","author":"N Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.05.054","article-title":"Distinct resting-state brain activities in heroin-dependent individuals","volume":"1402","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl149","article-title":"Small-world anatomical networks in the human brain revealed by cortical thickness from MRI","volume":"17","author":"Y He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq111","article-title":"Sex- and brain size-related small-world structural cortical networks in young adults: a DTI tractography study","volume":"21","author":"C Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000100","article-title":"Network analysis of intrinsic functional brain connectivity in Alzheimer&apos;s disease","volume":"4","author":"K Supekar","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr223","article-title":"Altered functional-structural coupling of large-scale brain networks in idiopathic generalized epilepsy","volume":"134","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008525","article-title":"Altered functional connectivity and small-world in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"5","author":"W Liao","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.018","article-title":"Disrupted brain connectivity networks in drug-naive, first-episode major depressive disorder","volume":"70","author":"J Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn018","article-title":"Disrupted small-world networks in schizophrenia","volume":"131","author":"Y Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20517","article-title":"Small-world properties of nonlinear brain activity in schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"M Rubinov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.04.032","article-title":"Altered small-world brain functional networks and duration of heroin use in male abstinent heroin-dependent individuals","volume":"477","author":"K Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0515-z","article-title":"Differences in orbitofrontal activation during decision-making between methadone-maintained opiate users, heroin users and healthy volunteers","volume":"188","author":"KD Ersche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.03.033","article-title":"Combining spatial and temporal information to explore resting-state networks changes in abstinent heroin-dependent individuals","volume":"475","author":"K Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"13","article-title":"DPARSF: A MATLAB Toolbox for \u201cPipeline\u201d Data Analysis of Resting-State fMRI","volume":"4","author":"C-G Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.044","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of resting-state connectivity network characteristics using fMRI and graph theoretical measures","volume":"59","author":"U Braun","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20623","article-title":"Parcellation-dependent small-world brain functional networks: A resting-state fMRI study","volume":"30","author":"J Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030017","article-title":"Efficiency and cost of economical brain functional networks","volume":"3","author":"S Achard","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"N Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21976","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021976","article-title":"Graph theoretical analysis of functional brain networks: test-retest evaluation on short- and long-term resting-state functional MRI data","volume":"6","author":"JH Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9239","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1929-08.2008","article-title":"Hierarchical organization of human cortical networks in health and schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"DS Bassett","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","article-title":"Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations","volume":"52","author":"M Rubinov","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.066","article-title":"Hemisphere- and gender-related differences in small-world brain networks: a resting-state functional MRI study","volume":"54","author":"L Tian","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","article-title":"Collective dynamics of \u2018small-world\u2019 networks","volume":"393","author":"DJ Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"22","article-title":"Network scaling effects in graph analytic studies of human resting-state FMRI data","volume":"4","author":"A Fornito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp089","article-title":"Impaired small-world efficiency in structural cortical networks in multiple sclerosis associated with white matter lesion load","volume":"132","author":"Y He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/42.750253","article-title":"Global, voxel, and cluster tests, by theory and permutation, for a difference between two groups of structural MR images of the brain","volume":"18","author":"ET Bullmore","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"112","author":"J Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.041","article-title":"Network-based statistic: identifying differences in brain networks","volume":"53","author":"A Zalesky","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr339","article-title":"Default network modulation and large-scale network interactivity in healthy young and old adults","volume":"22","author":"RN Spreng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100301","article-title":"The role of the medial frontal cortex in cognitive control","volume":"306","author":"KR Ridderinkhof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90355.2008","article-title":"Evidence for a frontoparietal control system revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity","volume":"100","author":"JL Vincent","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(98)01259-5","article-title":"Complexity and coherency: integrating information in the brain","volume":"2","author":"G Tononi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0020095","article-title":"Nonoptimal component placement, but short processing paths, due to long-distance projections in neural systems","volume":"2","author":"M Kaiser","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32833aa567","article-title":"Graph theoretical modeling of brain connectivity","volume":"23","author":"Y He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.012","article-title":"Decision-making deficits are still present in heroin abusers after short- to long-term abstinence","volume":"130","author":"X Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.06.015","article-title":"Impaired decision-making in psychopathic heroin addicts","volume":"86","author":"J Vassileva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194144","article-title":"Prediction of individual brain maturity using fMRI","volume":"329","author":"NU Dosenbach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7839","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-21-07839.2003","article-title":"Cingulate hypoactivity in cocaine users during a GO-NOGO task as revealed by event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"23","author":"JN Kaufman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802295238","article-title":"Disrupted white matter integrity in heroin dependence: a controlled study utilizing diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"34","author":"H Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.117","article-title":"Resting state functional connectivity in addiction: Lessons learned and a road ahead","volume":"62","author":"MT Sutherland","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.10.005","article-title":"Drug addiction: the neurobiology of disrupted self-control","volume":"12","author":"RD Baler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.02.001","article-title":"Altered prefrontal and insular cortical thickness in adolescent marijuana users","volume":"220","author":"MP Lopez-Larson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"561","article-title":"Cannabis use and memory brain function in adolescent boys: a cross-sectional multicenter functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"49","author":"G Jager","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1885-8","article-title":"Spatial working memory in heavy cannabis users: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"176","author":"G Kanayama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16560","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016560","article-title":"Abnormal brain default-mode network functional connectivity in drug addicts","volume":"6","author":"N Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(01)00153-1","article-title":"Function of the hippocampus in memory formation: desperately seeking resolution","volume":"25","author":"G Riedel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.020","article-title":"Drug addiction and the memory systems of the brain","volume":"1141","author":"T Robbins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.026","article-title":"Imaging brain mu-opioid receptors in abstinent cocaine users: time course and relation to cocaine craving","volume":"57","author":"DA Gorelick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm255","article-title":"Imaging of opioid receptors in the central nervous system","volume":"131","author":"G Henriksen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301238","article-title":"Smoking modulation of mu-opioid and dopamine D2 receptor-mediated neurotransmission in humans","volume":"32","author":"DJ Scott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000221457.71536.e0","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging measures of the effects of morphine on central nervous system circuitry in opioid-naive healthy volunteers","volume":"103","author":"L Becerra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8177","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1375-09.2009","article-title":"Opioids depress cortical centers responsible for the volitional control of respiration","volume":"29","author":"KT Pattinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.10.033","article-title":"High opiate receptor binding potential in the human lateral pain system","volume":"30","author":"U Baumgartner","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21265","article-title":"Effects of morphine and alcohol on functional brain connectivity during \u201cresting state\u201d: a placebo-controlled crossover study in healthy young men","volume":"33","author":"N Khalili-Mahani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.46","article-title":"Measuring the effects of remifentanil on cerebral blood flow and arterial arrival time using 3D GRASE MRI with pulsed arterial spin labelling","volume":"28","author":"BJ MacIntosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.02.053","article-title":"White matter impairment in heroin addicts undergoing methadone maintenance treatment and prolonged abstinence: a preliminary DTI study","volume":"494","author":"Y Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.04.022","article-title":"Sustained attention in patients receiving and abstinent following methadone maintenance treatment for opiate dependence: performance and neuroimaging results","volume":"104","author":"J Prosser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0082715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T00:23:58Z","timestamp":1647735838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0082715"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Biagini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0082715","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]]}}}