{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:35:00Z","timestamp":1787502900117,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T16:52:36Z","timestamp":1386003156000},"page":"e82966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Vitamin A Deficiency Impairs Adaptive B and T Cell Responses to a Prototype Monovalent Attenuated Human Rotavirus Vaccine and Virulent Human Rotavirus Challenge in a Gnotobiotic Piglet Model"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kuldeep S.","family":"Chattha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukumar","family":"Kandasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia N.","family":"Vlasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Saif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.08.110","article-title":"Research priorities regarding rotavirus vaccine and intussusception: a meeting summary","volume":"30","author":"JE Tate","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.6.7.11278","article-title":"Performance of rotavirus vaccines in developed and developing countries","volume":"6","author":"V Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S291","DOI":"10.1086\/605059","article-title":"Assessing the effectiveness and public health impact of rotavirus vaccines after introduction in immunization programs","volume":"200","author":"MM Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02409.x","article-title":"Rotavirus vaccines: safety, efficacy and public health impact","volume":"270","author":"J Gray","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"WHO: Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995\u20132005. WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency Geneva","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13811-1","article-title":"How many child deaths can we prevent this year?","volume":"362","author":"G SR Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S3-S20","article-title":"Impact of vitamin A supplementation on infant and childhood mortality","volume":"11","author":"A Imdad","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2378","article-title":"Vitamin effects on the immune system: vitamins A and D take centre stage","volume":"8","author":"JR Mora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.446-464.2005","article-title":"Effects of vitamin a supplementation on immune responses and correlation with clinical outcomes","volume":"18","author":"E Villamor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.08.011","article-title":"Retinoic acid imprints gut-homing specificity on T cells","volume":"21","author":"M Iwata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132742","article-title":"Generation of gut-homing IgA-secreting B cells by intestinal dendritic cells","volume":"314","author":"JR Mora","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070602","article-title":"Small intestine lamina propria dendritic cells promote de novo generation of Foxp3 T reg cells via retinoic acid","volume":"204","author":"CM Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19920131","article-title":"Effect of vitamin A deficiency and Newcastle disease virus infection on IgA and IgM secretion in chickens","volume":"68","author":"JH Rombout","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.8.3062-3068.1995","article-title":"Increased translocation of Escherichia coli and development of arthritis in vitamin A-deficient rats","volume":"63","author":"U Wiedermann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101248","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency impairs vaccine-elicited gastrointestinal immunity","volume":"187","author":"DR Kaufman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3952","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.9.3952-3957.1993","article-title":"Impaired mucosal antibody response to cholera toxin in vitamin A-deficient rats immunized with oral cholera vaccine","volume":"61","author":"U Wiedermann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.1.94","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency diminishes the salivary immunoglobulin A response and enhances the serum immunoglobulin G response to influenza A virus infection in BALB\/c mice","volume":"126","author":"CB Stephensen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05576-11","article-title":"Reduced frequencies and heightened CD103 expression among virus-induced CD8(+) T cells in the respiratory tract airways of vitamin A-deficient mice","volume":"19","author":"R Rudraraju","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2012.0023","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency disrupts vaccine-induced antibody-forming cells and the balance of IgA\/IgG isotypes in the upper and lower respiratory tract","volume":"25","author":"SL Surman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7961","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.7961","article-title":"Retinoic acid and polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid stimulate robust anti-tetanus antibody production while differentially regulating type 1\/type 2 cytokines and lymphocyte populations","volume":"174","author":"Y Ma","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00045-5","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency leads to severe functional disturbance of the intestinal epithelium enzymes associated with diarrhoea and increased bacterial translocation in gnotobiotic rats","volume":"5","author":"H Kozakova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19900122","article-title":"The interaction of vitamin A deficiency and rotavirus infection in the mouse","volume":"63","author":"F Ahmed","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19910106","article-title":"Effect of vitamin A deficiency on the immune response to epizootic diarrhoea of infant mice (EDIM) rotavirus infection in mice","volume":"65","author":"F Ahmed","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6553-9_17","article-title":"The gnotobiotic piglet as a model for studies of disease pathogenesis and immunity to human rotaviruses","volume":"12","author":"LJ Saif","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Virol Suppl"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00046-6","article-title":"Induction of mucosal immune responses and protection against enteric viruses: rotavirus infection of gnotobiotic pigs as a model","volume":"87","author":"L Yuan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422410000077","article-title":"Nutritional programming of gastrointestinal tract development. Is the pig a good model for man?","volume":"23","author":"P Guilloteau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2007.10.003","article-title":"Influence of probiotic Lactobacilli colonization on neonatal B cell responses in a gnotobiotic pig model of human rotavirus infection and disease","volume":"122","author":"W Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02737757","article-title":"Enhancement in seroconversion to measles vaccine with simultaneous administration of vitamin A in 9-months-old Indian infants","volume":"64","author":"P Bhaskaram","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.12.2192","article-title":"Simultaneous vitamin A administration at routine immunization contact enhances antibody response to diphtheria vaccine in infants younger than six months","volume":"129","author":"MM Rahman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.8.1569","article-title":"Vitamin A administered with measles vaccine to nine-month-old infants does not reduce vaccine immunogenicity","volume":"129","author":"R Bahl","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92536-8","article-title":"Reduced seroconversion to measles in infants given vitamin A with measles vaccination","volume":"345","author":"RD Semba","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-7-1431","article-title":"Pathogenesis of an attenuated and a virulent strain of group A human rotavirus in neonatal gnotobiotic pigs","volume":"77","author":"LA Ward","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4742","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203575","article-title":"Prenatally acquired vitamin A deficiency alters innate immune responses to human rotavirus in a gnotobiotic pig model","volume":"190","author":"AN Vlasova","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.020","article-title":"Probiotics and colostrum\/milk differentially affect neonatal humoral immune responses to oral rotavirus vaccine","volume":"31","author":"KS Chattha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.5.3075-3083.1996","article-title":"Systematic and intestinal antibody-secreting cell responses and correlates of protective immunity to human rotavirus in a gnotobiotic pig model of disease","volume":"70","author":"L Yuan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-6-1417","article-title":"Serum and intestinal isotype antibody responses to Wa human rotavirus in gnotobiotic pigs are modulated by maternal antibodies","volume":"80","author":"V Parre\u00f1o","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Divergent immunomodulating effects of probiotics on T cell responses to oral attenuated human rotavirus vaccine and virulent human rotavirus infection in a neonatal gnotobiotic piglet disease model","author":"KS Chattha","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70359-1","article-title":"Impact of neonatal vitamin A supplementation on infant morbidity and mortality","volume":"128","author":"JH Humphrey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.74.5.355","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency aggravates rotavirus infection in CD-1 mice through extensive involvement of the gut","volume":"74","author":"R Reifen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S243","DOI":"10.1086\/653569","article-title":"The effect of high-dose vitamin A supplementation given with bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine at birth on infant rotavirus infection and diarrhea: a randomized prospective study from Guinea-Bissau","volume":"202","author":"BR Diness","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1086\/521195","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation has divergent effects on norovirus infections and clinical symptoms among Mexican children","volume":"196","author":"KZ Long","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1086\/508292","article-title":"Impact of vitamin A on selected gastrointestinal pathogen infections and associated diarrheal episodes among children in Mexico City, Mexico","volume":"194","author":"KZ Long","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.02009.x","article-title":"Loss of ileal IgA+ plasma cells and of CD4+ lymphocytes in ileal Peyer&apos;s patches of vitamin A deficient rats","volume":"130","author":"JL Bjersing","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2010.08.006","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency alters splenic dendritic cell subsets and increases CD8(+)Gr-1(+) memory T lymphocytes in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"265","author":"DM Duriancik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.029579","article-title":"Cellular retinoic acid bioavailability determines epithelial integrity: Role of retinoic acid receptor alpha agonists in colitis","volume":"71","author":"M Osanai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1086\/315912","article-title":"Innate immunity, gut integrity, and vitamin A in Gambian and Indian infants","volume":"182","author":"DI Thurnham","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199301000-00005","article-title":"Rotavirus induces alpha-interferon release in children with gastroenteritis","volume":"16","author":"D De Boissieu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"211","article-title":"Treatment of rotavirus infection in neonate and weanling pigs using natural human interferon alpha","volume":"2","author":"JG Lecce","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Biother"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"213","article-title":"Experimental rotavirus diarrhoea in colostrum-deprived newborn calves: assay of treatment by administration of bacterially produced human interferon (Hu-IFN alpha 2)","volume":"16","author":"A Schwers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Rech Vet"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1089\/107999099313802","article-title":"Lack of a role for type I and type II interferons in the resolution of rotavirus-induced diarrhea and infection in mice","volume":"19","author":"J Angel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7578","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00391-08","article-title":"Role of interferon in homologous and heterologous rotavirus infection in the intestines and extraintestinal organs of suckling mice","volume":"82","author":"N Feng","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq031","article-title":"Immune responses to rotavirus infection and vaccination and associated correlates of protection","volume":"203","author":"U Desselberger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070719","article-title":"All-trans retinoic acid mediates enhanced T reg cell growth, differentiation, and gut homing in the face of high levels of co-stimulation","volume":"204","author":"MJ Benson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1154","article-title":"All-trans retinoic acid inhibits type 1 diabetes by T regulatory (Treg)-dependent suppression of interferon-gamma-producing T-cells without affecting Th17 cells","volume":"58","author":"YH Van","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.5.1132","article-title":"High-level dietary vitamin A enhances T-helper type 2 cytokine production and secretory immunoglobulin A response to influenza A virus infection in BALB\/c mice","volume":"130","author":"D Cui","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"243","article-title":"Serum values of cytokines in children with vitamin A deficiency disorders","volume":"45","author":"JY Leal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Clin"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.4.1515","article-title":"In vitamin A deficiency multiple mechanisms establish a regulatory T helper cell imbalance with excess Th1 and insufficient Th2 function","volume":"152","author":"MT Cantorna","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601998","article-title":"Reduced production of immunoregulatory cytokines in vitamin A- and zinc-deficient Indonesian infants","volume":"58","author":"FT Wieringa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001672","article-title":"Expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes in mucosal dendritic cells and gut-draining lymph node stromal cells is controlled by dietary vitamin A","volume":"186","author":"R Molenaar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0082966","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T12:22:51Z","timestamp":1688818971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0082966"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ding\u00a0Xiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0082966","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]}}}