{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:22:59Z","timestamp":1792722179075,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T22:09:27Z","timestamp":1389218967000},"page":"e85163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Impact of a Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise on Regional Brain Perfusion and Activation Responses in Healthy Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bradley J.","family":"MacIntosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Sage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Saeed","family":"Rajab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manus J.","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"McIlroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.t01-1-01430","article-title":"Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: a meta-analytic study","volume":"14","author":"S Colcombe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000091843.02517.9D","article-title":"Physical activity and stroke risk: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"CD Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200939010-00004","article-title":"Exercise, vascular wall and cardiovascular diseases: an update (part 2)","volume":"39","author":"LM Yung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.11.1166","article-title":"Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans","volume":"61","author":"SJ Colcombe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015950108","article-title":"Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory","volume":"108","author":"KI Erickson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2298","article-title":"Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition","volume":"9","author":"CH Hillman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2735","article-title":"Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour","volume":"10","author":"TH Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.011","article-title":"Physical activity in the prevention of ischemic stroke and improvement of outcomes: a narrative review","volume":"37","author":"LE Middleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00086","article-title":"The effects of aerobic activity on brain structure","volume":"3","author":"AG Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.09.081","article-title":"Reorganization of functional brain maps after exercise training: Importance of cerebellar-thalamic-cortical pathway","volume":"1184","author":"DP Holschneider","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.03.003","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise training on cognitive function and cortical vascularity in monkeys","volume":"167","author":"IJ Rhyu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.607879","article-title":"Improved cerebral vasomotor reactivity after exercise training in hemiparetic stroke survivors","volume":"42","author":"FM Ivey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.11.002","article-title":"Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and cerebral blood flow on cognitive outcomes in older women","volume":"31","author":"AD Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5638","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611721104","article-title":"An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus","volume":"104","author":"AC Pereira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.02.068","article-title":"The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis","volume":"1453","author":"YK Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1997.tb01739.x","article-title":"Brain activation, affect, and aerobic exercise: an examination of both state-independent and state-dependent relationships","volume":"34","author":"SJ Petruzzello","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2007.04.001","article-title":"The interactive effect of exercise intensity and task difficulty on human cognitive processing","volume":"65","author":"K Kamijo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00049.2002","article-title":"Effects of hyperthermia on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during prolonged exercise in humans","volume":"93","author":"L Nybo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4005","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.158279","article-title":"Elevation in cerebral blood flow velocity with aerobic fitness throughout healthy human ageing","volume":"586","author":"PN Ainslie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"44","article-title":"Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate","volume":"4","author":"B Londeree","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Cardiac Rehabil"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Borg G (1998) Borg&apos;s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22002","article-title":"Can Arterial Spin Labeling Detect White Matter Perfusion Signal?","volume":"62","author":"MJ van Osch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132","article-title":"Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images","volume":"17","author":"M Jenkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1076\/neur.9.4.340.15553","article-title":"Enhancing the sensitivity of a sustained attention task to frontal damage: convergent clinical and functional imaging evidence","volume":"9","author":"T Manly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.012","article-title":"Lesion neuroanatomy of the Sustained Attention to Response task","volume":"47","author":"P Molenberghs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.06.028","article-title":"Detecting changes in human cerebral blood flow after acute exercise using arterial spin labeling: implications for fMRI","volume":"191","author":"JC Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1058","article-title":"Nonparametric permutation tests for functional neuroimaging: a primer with examples","volume":"15","author":"TE Nichols","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.46","article-title":"Measuring the effects of remifentanil on cerebral blood flow and arterial arrival time using 3D GRASE MRI with pulsed arterial spin labelling","volume":"28","author":"BJ MacIntosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200410000-00009","article-title":"Exercise intensity alters postexercise hypotension","volume":"22","author":"LS Pescatello","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001377","article-title":"Potential causes, mechanisms, and implications of post exercise hypotension","volume":"16","author":"JR MacDonald","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.501692","article-title":"Selective reduction of blood flow to white matter during hypercapnia corresponds with leukoaraiosis","volume":"39","author":"DM Mandell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.068114","article-title":"Aerobic fitness and obesity: relationship to cerebral white matter integrity in the brain of active and sedentary older adults","volume":"45","author":"BL Marks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1097-2","article-title":"Differential influences of exercise intensity on information processing in the central nervous system","volume":"92","author":"K Kamijo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"277","article-title":"Activation of the insular cortex during dynamic exercise in humans","volume":"2)","author":"JW Williamson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Physiol 503 ( Pt"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.10.007","article-title":"The effect of midlife physical activity on structural brain changes in the elderly","volume":"31","author":"S Rovio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00446.x","article-title":"Sustained activation of hippocampal pyramidal cells by &apos;space clamping&apos; in a running wheel","volume":"11","author":"A Czurko","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.46","article-title":"Neurobiology of exercise","volume":"14","author":"RK Dishman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.495457","article-title":"Abnormal regional cerebral blood flow in cognitively normal elderly subjects with hypertension","volume":"39","author":"W Dai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20308","article-title":"Improving functional magnetic resonance imaging motor studies through simultaneous electromyography recordings","volume":"28","author":"BJ MacIntosh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000493","article-title":"Cerebral activation during bicycle movements in man","volume":"135","author":"LO Christensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/371600a0","article-title":"Mapping motor representations with positron emission tomography","volume":"371","author":"J Decety","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01144.2003","article-title":"Cerebral areas processing swallowing and tongue movement are overlapping but distinct: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"92","author":"RE Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.023","article-title":"Effects of somatosensory stimulation and attention on human somatosensory cortex: an fMRI study","volume":"53","author":"TL Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.12.032","article-title":"Meta-analytical definition and functional connectivity of the human vestibular cortex","volume":"60","author":"P zu Eulenburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2004.02.007","article-title":"A topography of executive functions and their interactions revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"20","author":"C Fassbender","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.02.073","article-title":"Physical fitness, but not acute exercise modulates event-related potential indices for executive control in healthy adolescents","volume":"1269","author":"S Stroth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.31.5.628","article-title":"Effect of acute exercise on cognitive control required during an Eriksen flanker task","volume":"31","author":"K Davranche","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psychol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0085163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T07:30:34Z","timestamp":1540020634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0085163"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0085163","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]]}}}