{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T12:47:02Z","timestamp":1771505222751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]],"date-time":"2014-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]],"date-time":"2014-01-15T21:34:37Z","timestamp":1389821677000},"page":"e85511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Evidence of Spondyloarthropathy in the Spine of a Phytosaur (Reptilia: Archosauriformes) from the Late Triassic of Halberstadt, Germany"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Witzmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Schwarz-Wings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Hampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Fritsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Asbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-4983.00242","article-title":"The Late Triassic phytosaur <italic>Mystriosuchus westphali<\/italic>, with a revision of the genus","volume":"45","author":"A Hungerb\u00fchler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2012.649815","article-title":"A new phytosaur (Archosauriformes, Phytosauria) from the Lot\u2019s Wife beds (Sonsela Member) within the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona","volume":"32","author":"MR Stocker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vert Paleontol"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"27","article-title":"The Phytosauria, with especial reference to <italic>Mystriosuchus<\/italic> and <italic>Rhytidodon<\/italic>","volume":"9","author":"JH McGregor","year":"1906","journal-title":"Mem Am Mus Nat Hist"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"A study of the phytosaurs with description of new material from western North America","volume":"10","author":"CL Camp","year":"1930","journal-title":"Mem Univ Calif"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"57","article-title":"A perfectly preserved segment of the armor of a phytosaur, with associated vertebrae","volume":"(2)","author":"EC Case","year":"1932","journal-title":"Contrib Mus Paleontol Univ Mich 4"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1","article-title":"The relationships of the American phytosaur <italic>Rutiodon<\/italic>","volume":"2095","author":"JT Gregory","year":"1962","journal-title":"Amer Mus Novit"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02987926","article-title":"Evolution und interkontinentale Beziehungen der Phytosauria (Reptilia)","volume":"43","author":"JT Gregory","year":"1969","journal-title":"Pal\u00e4ontol Z"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Westphal F (1976) Phytosauria. In: Kuhn O, editor. Handbuch der Pal\u00e4oherpetologie, vol. 13. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 99\u2013120."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"83","article-title":"A primitive parasuchid (phytosaur) reptile from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India","volume":"21","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"1978","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"475","article-title":"A complete specimen of <italic>Mystriosuchus<\/italic> (Reptilia, Phytosauria) from the Norian (Late Triassic) of Lombardy (Northern Italy)","volume":"109","author":"E Gozzi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Riv Ital Paleontol S"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"91","article-title":"Phytosauria. In Nesbitt SJ, Desojo JB, Irmis RB, editors. Anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology of early archosaurs and their kin","volume":"379","author":"MR Stocker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geol Soc London Spec Pub"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Hunt AP (1989) Cranial morphology and ecology among phytosaurs. In: Lucas SG, Hunt AP, editors. Dawn of the age of dinosaurs in the American Southwest. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History. 349\u2013354."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3889336","article-title":"Basal archosaurs: phylogenetic relationship and functional implications","volume":"2","author":"PC Sereno","year":"1991","journal-title":"Soc Vert Paleontol Mem"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/14772010903537732","article-title":"The higher-level phylogeny of Archosauria (Tetrapoda: Diapsida)","volume":"8","author":"SL Brusatte","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Syst Palaeontol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benton MJ (2004) Origin and relationships of Dinosauria. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osm\u00f3lska H, editors. Dinosauria. Second edition. Berkeley: University of California Press. 7\u201324.","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520242098.003.0002"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1206\/352.1","article-title":"The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades","volume":"352","author":"SJ Nesbitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull Am Mus Nat Hist"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaeger GF (1828) \u00dcber die fossilen Reptilien, welche in W\u00fcrttemberg aufgefunden worden sind. Stuttgart: Metzler. 48 p.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.4689"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"67","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis und Beurteilung der Parasuchier","volume":"10","author":"von Huene F","year":"1911","journal-title":"Geol Pal\u00e4ont Abh, NF"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"374","article-title":"Studies in paleopathology. I. General consideration of the evidence of pathological conditions found among fossil animals","volume":"1917","author":"RL Moodie","year":"1917","journal-title":"Ann Med Hist"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"265","article-title":"Paleontological evidences of the antiquity of disease","volume":"(9)","author":"RL Moodie","year":"1918","journal-title":"Scient Month 1918"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Moodie RL (1923) The antiquity of disease. Illinois: University of Chicago Press. 148 p."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03041524","article-title":"Die Schnauzenverletzungen der Parasuchier und ihre biologische Bedeutung","volume":"5","author":"O Abel","year":"1922","journal-title":"Pal\u00e4ontol Z"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1126\/science.56.1450.417","article-title":"The palaeopathology of the parasuchians","volume":"56","author":"RL Moodie","year":"1922","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"59","article-title":"Neue Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis der Parasuchier","volume":"42","author":"von Huene F","year":"1922","journal-title":"Jb Preuss Geol Landesanst"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Skeletal impact of disease","volume":"33","author":"BM Rothschild","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Mex Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03160336","article-title":"\u00dcber die Wirbeltierfunde in der Oberen Trias von Halberstadt","volume":"1","author":"O Jaekel","year":"1914","journal-title":"Pal\u00e4ontol Z"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"105","article-title":"Body mass estimates of phytosaurs (Archosauria: Parasuchidae) from the Petrified Forest Formation (Chinle Group: Revueltian) based on skull and limb bone measurements","volume":"24","author":"GR Hurlburt","year":"2003","journal-title":"New Mex Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2007)27[350:ASOITP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Axial skeleton ontogeny in the Parasuchia (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and its implications for ontogenetic determination in archosaurs","volume":"27","author":"RB Irmis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vert Paleontol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s12542-011-0105-1","article-title":"Reassessment of the Middle Triassic rauisuchian archosaurs <italic>Tichinosuchus ferox<\/italic> and <italic>Stagonosuchus nyassicus<\/italic>","volume":"85","author":"S Lautenschlager","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pal\u00e4ontol Z"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s001140100206","article-title":"Possible postcranial pneumacity in the last common ancestor of birds and crocodilians: evidence from <italic>Erythrosuchus<\/italic> and other Mesozoic archosaurs","volume":"88","author":"DJ Gower","year":"2001","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34094","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034094","article-title":"Reassessment of the evidence for postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in Triassic archosaurs, and the early evolution of the avian respiratory system","volume":"7(3)","author":"RJ Butler","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1999.10011178","article-title":"A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs","volume":"19","author":"JA Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vert Paleontol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17114","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017114","article-title":"A nomenclature for vertebral fossae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs","volume":"6(2)","author":"JA Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tetrapod fauna of the Upper Triassic Redonda Formation, East-central New Mexico: the characteristic assemblage of the Apachean land-vertebrate faunachron","volume":"55","author":"JA Spielmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Mex Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1671\/A1129-12","article-title":"The ligament system in the neck of <italic>Rhea americana<\/italic> and its implication for the bifurcated neural spines of sauropod dinosaurs","volume":"24","author":"T Tsuihiji","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vert Paleontol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.23750","article-title":"Avian intervertebral disc arises from rostral sclerotome and lacks a nucleus pulposus: implications for evolution of the vertebrate disc","volume":"241","author":"RJ Bruggeman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1930.0004","article-title":"The development of the vertebral column in mammals, as illustrated by its development in <italic>Mus musculus<\/italic>","volume":"218","author":"B Dawes","year":"1930","journal-title":"Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond B"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Rothschild BM, DePalma RA, Burnham DA, Martin LD (In press) Anatomy of a dinosaur \u2013 clarification of vertebrae in vertebrate anatomy. Anat Histol Embryol."},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Baumel JJ, Raikow RL (1993) \u201cArthrologia\u201d. In: Baumel JJ, King AS, Breazile JE, Evans HE, Vanden Berge JC, editors. Handbook of avian anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Nuttal Ornithological Club. 133\u2013187."},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Salisbury S, Frey E (2001) A biomechanical transformation model for the evolution of semi-spheroidal articulations between adjoining vertebral bodies in crocodilians. In: Grigg GC, Seebacher F, Franklin CE, editors. Crocodilian biology and evolution. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty &amp; Sons. 85\u2013134."},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Hoffstetter R, Gasc J-P (1969) Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles. In: Gans C, Bellairs A d\u2019A, Parsons TS, editors. Biology of the Reptilia, vol.1. London: Academic Press. 201\u2013310."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1977.tb03259.x","article-title":"Aspects of vertebral development in lizards and snakes","volume":"181","author":"L Winchester","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Zool"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397052954145","article-title":"Osseotypes and spondyloarthropathy exposed","volume":"1","author":"BM Rothschild","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rev"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castriota-Scanderbeg A, Dallapiccola B (2005) Abnormal skeletal phenotypes: from simple signs to complex diagnoses. Heidelberg: Springer. 962 p.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-30361-8"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.04.006","article-title":"Congenital cervical block vertebrae are associated with caudally adjacent discs","volume":"20","author":"G Leivseth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vega CS, Maisch MW (2014) Pathologic features in Upper Permian and Middle Triassic dicynodonts (Synapsida, Therapsida). In: Kammerer CF, Angielczyk KD, Fr\u00f6bisch J, editors. Early evolutionary history of the Synapsida. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Heidelberg: Springer. 151\u2013161. DOI:<ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-6841-3_9\" xlink:type=\"simple\">10.1007\/978-94-007-6841-3_9<\/ext-link>.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6841-3_9"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Eysel P, Peters KM (1997) Spondylodiszitis. In: Peters KM, Klosterhalfen B, editors. Bakterielle Infektionen der Knochen und Gelenke. Stuttgart: Enke. 52\u201368."},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"Adler CP (2005) Knochenkrankheiten. Diagnostik makroskopischer, histologischer und radiologischer Strukturver\u00e4nderungen des Skeletts. Third edition. Heidelberg: Springer. 623 p."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1163\/157075409X413842","article-title":"Scientifically rigorous reptile and amphibian osseous pathology: lessons for forensic herpetology from comparative and paleo-pathology","volume":"6","author":"BM Rothschild","year":"2009","journal-title":"App Herpetol"},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Resnick D, Niwayama G (1988) Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 5600 p."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11471-1","article-title":"Spondyloarthropathy in the Jurassic","volume":"360","author":"BM Rothschild","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1670\/08-243.1","article-title":"Macroscopic recognition of nontraumatic osseous pathology in the postcranial skeletons of crocodilians and lizards","volume":"44","author":"BM Rothschild","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Herpetol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothschild BM, Schultze H-P, Pellegrini R (2012) Herpetological osteopathology. Annotated bibliography of amphibians and reptiles. Heidelberg: Springer. 450 p.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-0824-6"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013425","article-title":"Spondarthritis in the Triassic","volume":"5(10)","author":"JC Cisneros","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"275","article-title":"A new phytosaur from the Palisades near New York","volume":"32","author":"von Huene F","year":"1913","journal-title":"Bull Am Mus Nat Hist"},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"Wettstein O von (1937) 2. Ordnung der Klasse Reptilia: Crocodilia. In: Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der St\u00e4mme des Tierreiches, 7. Band: Sauropsida. Allgemeines, Reptilia, Aves, 1. Teilband. Berlin, Leipzig: de Gruyter. 236\u2013424."}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0085511","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,9]],"date-time":"2023-07-09T20:43:27Z","timestamp":1688935407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0085511"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0085511","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]}}}