{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:38:28Z","timestamp":1785544708226,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,28]],"date-time":"2014-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,28]],"date-time":"2014-01-28T16:23:03Z","timestamp":1390926183000},"page":"e85733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Predicting the Risk of Suicide by Analyzing the Text of Clinical Notes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Chris","family":"Poulin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Shiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linas","family":"Vepstas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinong","family":"Young-Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Goertzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Flashman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-10-00050","article-title":"Veteran suicide prevention: emerging priorities and opportunities for intervention","volume":"175","author":"R Bossarte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1553-7250(10)36015-6","article-title":"A checklist to identify inpatient suicide hazards in veterans affairs hospitals","volume":"36","author":"PD Mills","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practice guideline for the assessment and treatment of patients with suicidal behaviors","volume":"160","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2010.61.12.1192","article-title":"Suicide risk assessment and content of VA health care contacts before suicide completion by veterans in Oregon","volume":"61","author":"LM Denneson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300445","article-title":"Suicide risk and precipitating circumstances among young, middle-aged, and older male veterans","volume":"102","author":"MS Kaplan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770020042006","article-title":"The communication of suicidal intent. A reexamination","volume":"33","author":"M Kovacs","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706008786","article-title":"A risk index for 12-month suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)","volume":"36","author":"G Borges","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adults aged &gt;\/ = 18 years\u2013United States, 2008-2009","volume":"60","author":"AE Crosby","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.20.2487","article-title":"Trends in suicide ideation, plans, gestures, and attempts in the United States, 1990\u20131992 to 2001\u20132003","volume":"293","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02810.x","article-title":"Who receives outpatient monitoring during high-risk depression treatment periods?","volume":"58","author":"HC Kales","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2007.022418","article-title":"Outcomes of a quality improvement project integrating mental health into primary care","volume":"16","author":"BV Watts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qual Saf Health Care"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.4.439","article-title":"Service implications of providing intensive monitoring during high-risk periods for suicide among VA patients with depression","volume":"60","author":"M Valenstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.115477","article-title":"Suicide mortality among individuals receiving treatment for depression in the Veterans Affairs health system: associations with patient and treatment setting characteristics","volume":"97","author":"K Zivin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2010.01132.x","article-title":"Examining the relationship between clinical monitoring and suicide risk among patients with depression: matched case-control study and instrumental variable approaches","volume":"45","author":"HM Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Haney EM, O&apos;Neil ME, Carson S, Low A, Peterson K, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2012) Suicide Risk Factors and Risk Assessment Tools: A Systematic Review. VA-ESP Project #05-225;. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK49060\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK49060\/<\/ext-link> [VA evidence-based synthesis reports]"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Screening for and Treatment of Suicide Risk Relevant to Primary Care: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force","author":"E O'Connor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"256","article-title":"Mental disorder comorbidity and suicide among 2.96 million men receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration health system","volume":"2013 Feb;122(1)","author":"KR Conner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Looks M (2007) Meta-optimizing semantic evolutionary search. In Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO 2007, Proceedings, London, England, UK, July 7\u201311, page 626. ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/1276958.1277086"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Ming L, Vit\u00e1nyi P (1997) An introduction to Kolmogorov complexity and its applications. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-94868-6."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0105","article-title":"Clinical correlates of inpatient suicide","volume":"64","author":"K Busch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20040501-16","article-title":"A fine grained study of inpatients who commit suicide","volume":"34","author":"K Busch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatric Annals"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: A systematic review","author":"K Hawton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.07.012","article-title":"The association between delusional-like experiences and suicidal thoughts and behavior","volume":"2011 Nov;132","author":"S Saha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000002","article-title":"Hallucinations, pseudo hallucinations, and severity of suicidal ideation among emergency psychiatry patients","volume":"31","author":"P Penagaluri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2008.12.010","article-title":"The recognition of diagnosable psychiatric disorders in suicide cases&apos; last medical contacts","volume":"2009 Mar\u2013Apr;31","author":"YJ Pan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.086348","article-title":"Risk of suicide among operated and non-operated patients hospitalized for peptic ulcers","volume":"Dec;63","author":"S Bahmanyar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.2011.00054.x","article-title":"Elevated suicide rates at high altitude: sociodemographic and health issues may be to blame","volume":"Oct;41","author":"ME Betz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10101501","article-title":"Current smoking, hypoxia, and suicide","volume":"Mar;168","author":"HJ Aubin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10020289","article-title":"Altitude, gun ownership, rural areas, and suicide","volume":"Jan;168","author":"N Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lossnitzer N, M\u00fcller-Tasch T, L\u00f6we B, Zugck C, Nelles M, <etal>et al<\/etal>. (2009) Exploring potential associations of suicidal ideation and ideas of self-harm in patients with congestive heart failure.","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20587"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inagaki M, Akechi T, Okuyama T, Sugawara Y, Kinoshita H, <etal>et al<\/etal>. (2013) Associations of interleukin-6 with vegetative but not affective depressive symptoms in terminally ill cancer patients.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-013-1767-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","first-page":"63","article-title":"Management of a request for physician-assisted suicide","volume":"2010 Feb;27","author":"SL Rodriguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.04.021","article-title":"The desire for hastened death in individuals with advanced cancer: a longitudinal qualitative study","volume":"Jul;69","author":"R Nissim","year":"2009","journal-title":"G Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"95","article-title":"Psychological factors: anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms in low back pain patients","volume":"6","author":"A Bener","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.110130","article-title":"Factors associated with suicidal thoughts in a large community study of older adults","volume":"Dec; 201","author":"OP Almeida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-2194-2","article-title":"Characteristics, Management, and Depression Outcomes of Primary Care Patients Who Endorse Thoughts of Death or Suicide on the PHQ-9","volume":"2013 Mar;28","author":"AM Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Goertzel B, Geisweiller N, Pennachin C (2013) Integrating Feature Selection into Program Learning. Proceedings of AGI-13, Springer. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/goertzel.org\/agi-13\/FS-MOSES_v1.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/goertzel.org\/agi-13\/FS-MOSES_v1.pdf<\/ext-link>"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091602","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000}}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0085733","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T23:23:06Z","timestamp":1565133786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0085733"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Brusic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,28]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0085733","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091602","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,28]]}}}