{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T01:12:42Z","timestamp":1785028362621,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T22:10:34Z","timestamp":1390342234000},"page":"e86068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["fMRI of Retina-Originated Phosphenes Experienced by Patients with Leber Congenital Amaurosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Manzar","family":"Ashtari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cyckowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alborz","family":"Yazdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Viands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"B\u00f3kkon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00165665","article-title":"On the history of deformation phosphenes and the idea of internal light generated in the eye for the purpose of vision","volume":"74","author":"OJ Grusser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706998","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological induction of phosphenes","volume":"150","author":"L Cervetto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-4182(06)80031-1","article-title":"Photopsia as a manifestation of digitalis toxicity","volume":"41","author":"A Oishi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/230596a0","article-title":"Radiation-induced Light Flashes observed by Human Subjects in Fast Neutron, X-ray and Positive Pion Beams","volume":"230","author":"CA Tobias","year":"1971","journal-title":"Letters To Nature"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.2307\/3575310","article-title":"Mechanism of the formation of X ray-induced phosphenes. II. Photochemical investigations","volume":"82","author":"M Doly","year":"1980","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.12.002","article-title":"Positive visual phenomena in space: A scientific case and a safety issue in space travel","volume":"46","author":"WG Sannita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(89)90125-9","article-title":"Observations of visual sensations produced by Cerenkov radiation from high-energy electrons","volume":"17","author":"KD Steidley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010766","article-title":"Phosphenes produced by electrical stimulation of human occipital cortex, and their application to the development of a prosthesis for the blind","volume":"243","author":"WH Dobelle","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-200001000-00002","article-title":"Artificial vision for the blind by connecting a television camera to the visual cortex","volume":"46","author":"WH Dobelle","year":"2000","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(02)00311-9","article-title":"Retinal prosthesis for the blind","volume":"47","author":"E Margalit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200111160-00036","article-title":"External modulation of visual perception in humans","volume":"12","author":"A Antal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-424X(09)70233-8","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation of the visual cortex","volume":"56","author":"A Antal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Suppl Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.10.038","article-title":"Retinal origin of phosphenes to transcranial alternating current stimulation","volume":"121","author":"DJ Schutter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199405000-00001","article-title":"Phosphenes induced by magnetic stimulation over the occipital brain: description and probable site of stimulation","volume":"71","author":"E Marg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(98)00093-1","article-title":"Phosphenes and transient scotomas induced by magnetic stimulation of the occipital lobe: their topographic relationship","volume":"37","author":"T Kammer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00130-5","article-title":"Motor and phosphene thresholds: a transcranial magnetic stimulation correlation study","volume":"39","author":"LM Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1496-4","article-title":"Interhemispheric transfer of phosphenes generated by occipital versus parietal transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"192","author":"CA Marzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.12.002","article-title":"Phosphene thresholds evoked with single and double TMS pulses","volume":"121","author":"T Kammer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2010.03.006","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of phosphenes induced by navigation-guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"4","author":"N Tani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-424X(09)70234-X","article-title":"Neural correlates of phosphene perception","volume":"56","author":"IG Meister","year":"2003","journal-title":"Suppl Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2174\/1874440001004010100","article-title":"Simultaneous TMS-fMRI of the Visual Cortex Reveals Functional Network, Even in Absence of Phosphene Sensation","volume":"4","author":"EC Caparelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Neuroimag J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20941","article-title":"The neural signature of phosphene perception","volume":"31","author":"PC Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.10.027","article-title":"Frequency-dependent electrical stimulation of the visual cortex","volume":"18","author":"R Kanai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70065-0","article-title":"Relationship between floaters, light flashes, or both, and complications of posterior vitreous detachment","volume":"117","author":"T Hikichi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"485","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of common etiologies of photopsia","volume":"70","author":"JF Amos","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.26.11.1100","article-title":"Movement phosphenes in optic neuritis: a new clinical sign","volume":"26","author":"FA Davis","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2007.01140.x","article-title":"Photoreceptor atrophy in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy","volume":"86","author":"N Zibrandtsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22122","article-title":"Data-driven analyses of an fMRI study of a subject experiencing phosphenes","volume":"31","author":"JH Missimer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.02.010","article-title":"An overview of lipid peroxidation with emphasis in outer segments of photoreceptors and the chemiluminescence assay","volume":"38","author":"A Catala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.030","article-title":"Bovine rod rhodopsin. 1. Bleaching by luminescence in vitro by recombination of radicals from polyunsaturated fatty acids","volume":"53","author":"L Narici","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"22","article-title":"Bovine rod rhodopsin: 2. Bleaching in vitro upon C ions irradiation as source of effects as light flash for patients and for humans in space","volume":"22","author":"L Narici","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802315","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of gene transfer for Leber&apos;s congenital amaurosis","volume":"358","author":"AM Maguire","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.277","article-title":"Gene therapy for Leber&apos;s congenital amaurosis is safe and effective through 1.5 years after vector administration","volume":"18","author":"F Simonelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57377","article-title":"The human visual cortex responds to gene therapy-mediated recovery of retinal function","volume":"121","author":"M Ashtari","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61836-5","article-title":"Age-dependent effects of RPE65 gene therapy for Leber&apos;s congenital amaurosis: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial","volume":"374","author":"AM Maguire","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20249","article-title":"Analysis of functional image analysis contest (FIAC) data with brainvoyager QX: From single-subject to cortically aligned group general linear model analysis and self-organizing group independent component analysis","volume":"27","author":"R Goebel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120ra115","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002865","article-title":"AAV2 gene therapy readministration in three adults with congenital blindness","volume":"4","author":"J Bennett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6370","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7195","article-title":"Characteristics and possible visual consequences of photopsias as vision measures are reduced in retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"52","author":"AK Bittner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181af0d57","article-title":"A survey of photopsias in self-reported retinitis pigmentosa: location of photopsias is related to disease severity","volume":"29","author":"AK Bittner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11341","article-title":"Intervisit variability of visual parameters in Leber congenital amaurosis caused by RPE65 mutations","volume":"54","author":"AJ Roman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2008.02.002","article-title":"Phosphene phenomenon: a new concept","volume":"92","author":"I B\u00f3kkon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.10.077","article-title":"Spontaneous and visible light-induced ultraweak photon emission from rat eyes","volume":"1369","author":"C Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0086068","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T10:37:48Z","timestamp":1589020668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0086068"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Steven","family":"Barnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0086068","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]}}}