{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:41:55Z","timestamp":1790062915465,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]],"date-time":"2014-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]],"date-time":"2014-01-23T23:47:16Z","timestamp":1390520836000},"page":"e86819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Chromosomal Polymorphism in the Sporothrix schenckii Complex"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alexandre A.","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geisa F.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson M.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio M.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie M.","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"dos S. Feitosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"de Melo Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Sueli Soares","family":"Felipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Franco","family":"da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoilo P.","family":"de Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Zhou X, Rodrigues AM, Feng P, Hoog GS (2013) Global ITS diversity in the <italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic> complex. Fungal Divers: 1\u201313."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1086\/522765","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of sporotrichosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"45","author":"CA Kauffman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.719648","article-title":"Emergence of pathogenicity in the <italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic> complex","volume":"51","author":"AM Rodrigues","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Rippon JW (1988) Sporotricosis. In: Rippon JW, editor. Medical Mycology: The Pathogenic Fungi and Pathogenic Actinomycetes. 3<sup>a<\/sup> ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f44c52","article-title":"Epidemic sporotrichosis","volume":"21","author":"A Schubach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2281","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002281","article-title":"Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a High Prevalence of <italic>Sporothrix brasiliensis<\/italic> in Feline Sporotrichosis Outbreaks","volume":"7","author":"AM Rodrigues","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000500010","article-title":"<italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic> associated with armadillo hunting in Southern Brazil: epidemiological and antifungal susceptibility profiles","volume":"43","author":"SH Alves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200104000-00006","article-title":"Endemic sporotrichosis","volume":"14","author":"B Bustamante","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00808-07","article-title":"<italic>Sporothrix brasiliensis<\/italic>, <italic>S. globosa<\/italic>, and <italic>S. mexicana<\/italic>, three new <italic>Sporothrix<\/italic> species of clinical interest","volume":"45","author":"R Marimon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00081-06","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny of <italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic>","volume":"44","author":"R Marimon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780801992837","article-title":"<italic>Sporothrix luriei<\/italic>: a rare fungus from clinical origin","volume":"46","author":"R Marimon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02824.x","article-title":"Different virulence levels of the species of <italic>Sporothrix<\/italic> in a murine model","volume":"15","author":"I Arrillaga-Moncrieff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-011-9506-7","article-title":"Virulence of <italic>Sporothrix luriei<\/italic> in a Murine Model of Disseminated Infection","volume":"173","author":"F Fern\u00e1ndez-Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes GF, Dos Santos PO, Rodrigues AM, Sasaki AA, Burger E, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2013) Characterization of virulence profile, protein secretion and immunogenicity of different <italic>Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto<\/italic> isolates compared with <italic>S. globosa<\/italic> and <italic>S. brasiliensis<\/italic> species. Virulence 4.","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.23112"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01012-07","article-title":"In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of five species of <italic>Sporothrix<\/italic>","volume":"52","author":"R Marimon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2006.05.022","article-title":"Chromosome visualisation in filamentous fungi","volume":"67","author":"W Wieloch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90301-5","article-title":"Separation of yeast chromosome-sized DNAs by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis","volume":"37","author":"DC Schwartz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"147","article-title":"Karyotyping by PFGE of clinical isolates of <italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic>","volume":"13","author":"T Tateishi","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"694","article-title":"[Conditions of extraction and estimation of the nucleic acids of <italic>Sporotrichum schenckii<\/italic>, dimorphic fungus pathogenic for man. Application to the study of filamentous and levuriform phases]","volume":"117","author":"C de Bievre","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.94","article-title":"Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis","volume":"2","author":"J Herschleb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087-1845(03)00003-3","article-title":"Chromosomal polymorphism, syntenic relationships, and ploidy in the pathogenic fungus <italic>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis<\/italic>","volume":"39","author":"LS Feitosa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.2307\/3761588","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny of the <italic>Nectria haematococca-Fusarium solani<\/italic> species complex","volume":"92","author":"K O\u2019Donnell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200810020-00029","article-title":"Differential mRNA expression of <italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic> catalase gene in two growth phases and effect factors","volume":"121","author":"XH Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2307\/3761358","article-title":"A Method for Designing Primers Set for Speciation Studies in Filamentous Ascomycetes","volume":"91","author":"I Carbone","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, editors. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Aplication. San Diego: Academic Press. 358\u2013364.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087-1845(02)00031-2","article-title":"Expression of a Pho85 cyclin-dependent kinase is repressed during the dimorphic transition in <italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic>","volume":"37","author":"M de Jesus-Berrios","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.40.2.185.199","article-title":"Characterization of a protein kinase C gene in <italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic> and its expression during the yeast-to-mycelium transition","volume":"40","author":"E Aquino-Pinero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.38.2.109.121","article-title":"Presence of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein alpha subunit in <italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic>","volume":"38","author":"N Delgado","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2004.12.024","article-title":"Rapid and specific identification of <italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic> by PCR targeting the DNA topoisomerase II gene","volume":"38","author":"T Kanbe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"JD Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"TA Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symposium Series"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.3852\/09-320","article-title":"<italic>Sporothrix brunneoviolacea<\/italic> and <italic>Sporothrix dimorphospora<\/italic>, two new members of the <italic>Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic> complex","volume":"102","author":"H Madrid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00450-12","article-title":"Rapid identification of <italic>Sporothrix<\/italic> species by T3B PCR fingerprinting","volume":"50","author":"MM Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0441","article-title":"Disseminated <italic>Sporothrix brasiliensis<\/italic> infection with endocardial and ocular involvement in an HIV-infected patient","volume":"86","author":"ML Silva-Vergara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01821.x","article-title":"FaBox: an online toolbox for fasta sequences","volume":"7","author":"P Villesen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Notes"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","article-title":"MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods","volume":"28","author":"K Tamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"678","article-title":"Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G+C-content biases","volume":"9","author":"K Tamura","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Felsenstein J Confidence Limits on Phylogenies: An Approach Using the Bootstrap."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1006\/fgbi.1999.1128","article-title":"Ploidy study in <italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic>","volume":"27","author":"H Torres-Guerrero","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.59.4.686-698.1995","article-title":"Chromosome-length polymorphism in fungi","volume":"59","author":"ME Zolan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408419991299185","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of chromosomal rearrangement in fungi","volume":"25","author":"F Fierro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003567","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003567","article-title":"Breakage-fusion-bridge Cycles and Large Insertions Contribute to the Rapid Evolution of Accessory Chromosomes in a Fungal Pathogen","volume":"9","author":"D Croll","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2012.07.001","article-title":"Karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal rearrangement in populations of the phytopathogenic fungus, <italic>Ascochyta rabiei<\/italic>","volume":"116","author":"HO Akamatsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fungal Biol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2174\/1874437000903010048","article-title":"Characteristics of 151 Brazilian <italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/italic> Isolates from 5 Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: A Forgotten and Re-Emergent Pathogen","volume":"3","author":"GF Fernandes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Open Mycol J"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2005.05.015","article-title":"Electrophoresis karyotype and chromosome-length polymorphism of <italic>Histoplasma capsulatum<\/italic> clinical isolates from Latin America","volume":"45","author":"CE Canteros","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002345","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002345","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis of human fungal pathogens causing paracoccidioidomycosis","volume":"7","author":"CA Desjardins","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-218X(96)00067-4","article-title":"Conserved synteny as a measure of genomic distance","volume":"71","author":"D Sankoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Discrete Appl Math"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.701338","article-title":"The <italic>Microsporum canis<\/italic> genome is organized into five chromosomes based on evidence from electrophoretic karyotyping and chromosome end mapping","volume":"51","author":"LM Coelho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00135-09","article-title":"Horizontal Chromosome Transfer, a Mechanism for the Evolution and Differentiation of a Plant-Pathogenic Fungus","volume":"8","author":"Y Akagi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000705","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000705","article-title":"Acquisition of aneuploidy provides increased fitness during the evolution of antifungal drug resistance","volume":"5","author":"AM Selmecki","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128242","article-title":"Aneuploidy and isochromosome formation in drug-resistant <italic>Candida albicans<\/italic>","volume":"313","author":"A Selmecki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003022","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003022","article-title":"Aneuploidy and Drug Resistance in Pathogenic Fungi","volume":"8","author":"KJ Kwon-Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0086819","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:34:20Z","timestamp":1688949260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0086819"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gustavo Henrique","family":"Goldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0086819","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]]}}}