{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:45:36Z","timestamp":1791193536614,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]],"date-time":"2014-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]],"date-time":"2014-01-23T23:49:16Z","timestamp":1390520956000},"page":"e87024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Non-Gaussian Analysis of Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Head and Neck at 3T: A Pilot Study in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Ka Wai","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta S. P.","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunwar S.","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Xiang J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil T.","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann D.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.1403","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MRI in the body: applications and challenges in oncology","volume":"188","author":"DM Koh","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1695690","article-title":"Spin Diffusion Measurements: Spin Echoes in the Presence of a Time-Dependent Field Gradient","volume":"42","author":"EO Stejskal","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Physics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21453","article-title":"From diffusion-weighted MRI to anomalous diffusion imaging","volume":"59","author":"MG Hall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20508","article-title":"Diffusional kurtosis imaging: the quantification of non-gaussian water diffusion by means of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"53","author":"JH Jensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10578","article-title":"Statistical model for diffusion attenuated MR signal","volume":"50","author":"DA Yablonskiy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10581","article-title":"Characterization of continuously distributed cortical water diffusion rates with a stretched-exponential model","volume":"50","author":"KM Bennett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.2.3393671","article-title":"Separation of diffusion and perfusion in intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging","volume":"168","author":"D Le Bihan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910070312","article-title":"Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging using steady-state free precession","volume":"7","author":"D Le Bihan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11102277","article-title":"Parkinson disease: diagnostic utility of diffusion kurtosis imaging","volume":"261","author":"JJ Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.09090819","article-title":"Cerebral gliomas: diffusional kurtosis imaging analysis of microstructural differences","volume":"254","author":"P Raab","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22070","article-title":"Comparison of apparent diffusion coefficients and distributed diffusion coefficients in high-grade gliomas","volume":"31","author":"TC Kwee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1518","article-title":"MRI quantification of non-Gaussian water diffusion by kurtosis analysis","volume":"23","author":"JH Jensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2013.02.008","article-title":"Non-Gaussian diffusion MRI assessment of brain microstructure in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer&apos;s disease","volume":"31","author":"MF Falangola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24680","article-title":"Diffusion kurtosis imaging to detect amyloidosis in an APP\/PS1 mouse model for Alzheimer&apos;s disease","volume":"69","author":"G Vanhoutte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.10.027","article-title":"Correlations between microstructural alterations and severity of cognitive deficiency in Alzheimer&apos;s disease and mild cognitive impairment: a diffusional kurtosis imaging study","volume":"31","author":"NJ Gong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.657742","article-title":"Stroke assessment with diffusional kurtosis imaging","volume":"43","author":"ES Hui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.032","article-title":"Identification and characterization of Huntington related pathology: an in vivo DKI imaging study","volume":"63","author":"I Blockx","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12110927","article-title":"Gliomas: diffusion kurtosis MR imaging in grading","volume":"263","author":"S Van Cauter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.050","article-title":"Diffusion kurtosis as an in vivo imaging marker for reactive astrogliosis in traumatic brain injury","volume":"59","author":"J Zhuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.11.221","article-title":"Visualizing non-Gaussian diffusion: clinical application of q-space imaging and diffusional kurtosis imaging of the brain and spine","volume":"11","author":"M Hori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3227","article-title":"Head and neck tumors: assessment of perfusion-related parameters and diffusion coefficients based on the intravoxel incoherent motion model","volume":"34","author":"M Sumi","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111248","article-title":"Salivary gland tumors: use of intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging for assessment of diffusion and perfusion for the differentiation of benign from malignant tumors","volume":"263","author":"M Sumi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23770","article-title":"Extension of the intravoxel incoherent motion model to non-gaussian diffusion in head and neck cancer","volume":"36","author":"Y Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1919","article-title":"Non-gaussian analysis of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A feasibility study","volume":"31","author":"JF Jansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-010-0743-0","article-title":"Applications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"52","author":"V Vandecaveye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1769-8","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: diffusion-weighted MR imaging for prediction and monitoring of treatment response","volume":"20","author":"AD King","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2511080128","article-title":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for nodal staging","volume":"251","author":"V Vandecaveye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-1287","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for predicting and detecting early response to chemoradiation therapy of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck","volume":"15","author":"S Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.09.034","article-title":"Value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the differentiation between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes","volume":"72","author":"K Holzapfel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1593\/tlo.09175","article-title":"A feasibility study of parametric response map analysis of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans of head and neck cancer patients for providing early detection of therapeutic efficacy","volume":"2","author":"CJ Galban","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2008.01.080","article-title":"Usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging and the apparent diffusion coefficient in the assessment of head and neck tumors","volume":"35","author":"M Maeda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2007.10.011","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"68","author":"KM Friedrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2202010063","article-title":"Head and neck lesions: characterization with diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging","volume":"220","author":"J Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101821","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging in the Head and Neck","volume":"263","author":"HC Thoeny","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12120167","article-title":"Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnostic Performance of Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging for the Prediction of Treatment Response","volume":"266","author":"AD King","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910230113","article-title":"On the precision of diffusion\/perfusion imaging by gradient sensitization","volume":"23","author":"J Pekar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2012.120108","article-title":"Observation of bi-exponential T(1rho) relaxation of in-vivo rat muscles at 3T","volume":"53","author":"J Yuan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"4406","article-title":"On the Least-Square Estimation of Parameters for Statistical Diffusion Weighted Imaging Model","volume":"2013","author":"J Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1020","article-title":"Three-dimensional characterization of non-gaussian water diffusion in humans using diffusion kurtosis imaging","volume":"19","author":"H Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880010103","article-title":"Imaging of diffusion and microcirculation with gradient sensitization: design, strategy, and significance","volume":"1","author":"D Le Bihan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"511","article-title":"Cramer-Rao bound for Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion Weighted Imaging fitting","volume":"2013","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2011.03.004","article-title":"Toward an optimal distribution of b values for intravoxel incoherent motion imaging","volume":"29","author":"A Lemke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2037915","article-title":"Optimal experimental design for diffusion kurtosis imaging","volume":"29","author":"DH Poot","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2869-z","article-title":"Intravoxel incoherent motion model-based liver lesion characterisation from three b-value diffusion-weighted MRI","volume":"23","author":"AH Penner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Concia M, Sprinkart AM, Penner AH, Brossart P, Gieseke J, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2013) Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pancreas: Diagnostic Benefit From an Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Model-Based 3 b-Value Analysis. Invest Radiol.","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3182a71cc3"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0087024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:34:22Z","timestamp":1688949262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0087024"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0087024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]]}}}