{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:51:54Z","timestamp":1792439514123,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]],"date-time":"2014-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391644800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]],"date-time":"2014-02-06T22:01:48Z","timestamp":1391724108000},"page":"e87939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Are Volumetric Bone Mineral Density and Bone Micro-Architecture Associated with Leptin and Soluble Leptin Receptor Levels in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis? \u2013 A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Elisa M. S.","family":"Tam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona W. P.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian W. Y.","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"King Lok","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobby K. W.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon K. M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack C. Y.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsz-Ping","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60658-3","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"371","author":"SL Weinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c7cb8c","article-title":"Clinical Effectiveness of School Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Large Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"35","author":"K Luk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000084265.15201.D5","article-title":"Abnormal Peri-pubertal Anthropometric Measurements and Growth Pattern in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis \u2013 a Study of 598 Patients","volume":"28","author":"CSK Cheung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.8.1587","article-title":"Generalized Low Areal and Volumetric Bone Mineral Density in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis","volume":"15","author":"JCY Cheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang WJ, Hung VW, Lam TP, Ng BK, Qin L, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2010) The association of disproportionate skeletal growth and abnormal radius dimension ratio with curve severity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. European Spine Journal.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1247-7"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000197410.92525.10","article-title":"Generalized osteopenia in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis - Association with abnormal pubertal growth, bone turnover, and calcium intake?","volume":"31","author":"CSK Cheung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199708010-00006","article-title":"Osteoporosis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis \u2013 A Primary Problem or Secondary to the Spinal Deformity?","volume":"22","author":"JCY Cheng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.67B2.3980522","article-title":"Stature and idiopathic scoliosis. A prospective study","volume":"67","author":"IA Archer","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199906150-00008","article-title":"Persistent osteopenia in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A longitudinal follow up study","volume":"24","author":"JCY Cheng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Buric M, Momcilovic B (1982) Growth pattern and skeletal age in school girls with idiopathic scoliosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res: 238\u2013242."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198703000-00011","article-title":"Trabecular bone mineral density in idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"7","author":"SD Cook","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nordwall A, Willner S (1975) A study of skeletal age and height in girls with idiopathic scoliosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res: 6\u201310.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197507000-00002"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Willner S (1974) A study of growth in girls with adolescent idiopathic structural scoliosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res: 129\u2013135."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677408989696","article-title":"Growth in height of children with scoliosis","volume":"45","author":"S Willner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318227dd0c","article-title":"Abnormal Leptin Bioavailability in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis - an Important New Finding","volume":"37","author":"Z Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"2709","article-title":"Osteopenia: a new prognostic factor of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"87","author":"VWY Hung","year":"2005","journal-title":"THe Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2011.05623.x","article-title":"Leptin and the regulation of endothelial function in physiological and pathological conditions","volume":"39","author":"J Beltowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7624776","article-title":"Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob\/ob mice","volume":"269","author":"MA Pelleymounter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2010.06.002","article-title":"Leptin in human physiology and therapeutics","volume":"31","author":"TA Dardeno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E567","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00315.2011","article-title":"Leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"301","author":"CS Mantzoros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00008","article-title":"Narrative review: the role of leptin in human physiology: emerging clinical applications","volume":"152","author":"T Kelesidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20051578","article-title":"Intracellular signalling pathways activated by leptin","volume":"393","author":"G Fruhbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7624777","article-title":"Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene","volume":"269","author":"JL Halaas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90151-5","article-title":"Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R","volume":"83","author":"LA Tartaglia","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/379632a0","article-title":"Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice","volume":"379","author":"GH Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0596-585","article-title":"Novel B219\/OB receptor isoforms: possible role of leptin in hematopoiesis and reproduction","volume":"2","author":"JA Cioffi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)70684-2","article-title":"A role for leptin and its cognate receptor in hematopoiesis","volume":"6","author":"BD Bennett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20330","article-title":"High affinity leptin receptors are present in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from control and osteoporotic donors","volume":"94","author":"R Hess","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.8.1426","article-title":"Leptin is expressed in and secreted from primary cultures of human osteoblasts and promotes bone mineralization","volume":"16","author":"JE Reseland","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(05)71012-8","article-title":"Leptin: structure, function and biology","volume":"71","author":"F Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vitam Horm"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(00)00152-X","article-title":"Leptin is a potent stimulator of bone growth in ob\/ob mice","volume":"92","author":"CM Steppan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10156","article-title":"Leptin stimulates human osteoblastic cell proliferation, de novo collagen synthesis, and mineralization: Impact on differentiation markers, apoptosis, and osteoclastic signaling","volume":"85","author":"JO Gordeladze","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.6.1034","article-title":"Leptin acts as a growth factor on the chondrocytes of skeletal growth centers","volume":"17","author":"G Maor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.4.6637","article-title":"Leptin acts on human marrow stromal cells to enhance differentiation to osteoblasts and to inhibit differentiation to adipocytes","volume":"140","author":"T Thomas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31802f6513","article-title":"Leptin increases extracellular matrix mineralization of human osteoblasts from heterotopic ossification and normal bone","volume":"59","author":"AE Handschin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20853","article-title":"Leptin effect on RANKL and OPG expression in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts","volume":"98","author":"M Lamghari","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.2.200","article-title":"Leptin inhibits osteoclast generation","volume":"17","author":"WR Holloway","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308744101","article-title":"Serum leptin level is a regulator of bone mass","volume":"101","author":"F Elefteriou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81558-5","article-title":"Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass","volume":"100","author":"P Ducy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01049-8","article-title":"Leptin regulates bone formation via the sympathetic nervous system","volume":"111","author":"S Takeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5484.1501","article-title":"The osteoblast: a sophisticated fibroblast under central surveillance","volume":"289","author":"P Ducy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"3239","article-title":"Leptin is inversely related to age at menarche in human females","volume":"82","author":"V Matkovic","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"2336","article-title":"Leptin binding activity changes with age: the link between leptin and puberty","volume":"84","author":"ND Quinton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-4-13","article-title":"Relatively lower body mass index is associated with an excess of severe truncal asymmetry in healthy adolescents: Do white adipose tissue, leptin, hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system influence truncal growth asymmetry?","volume":"4","author":"TB Grivas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"31","article-title":"Role of high central leptin activity in a scoliosis model created in bipedal amputated mice","volume":"176","author":"T Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815a59e5","article-title":"Decreased circulating leptin level and its association with body and bone mass in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"32","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602013340503","article-title":"Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans","volume":"334","author":"RV Considine","year":"1996","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.2.201","article-title":"Serum leptin in children with obesity: relationship to gender and development","volume":"98","author":"SG Hassink","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200108000-00006","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis","volume":"83","author":"LG Lenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series A"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900000800105","article-title":"Body height correction in scoliosis patients for pulmonary function test","volume":"8","author":"K Kono","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0527-x","article-title":"Height of girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"12","author":"M Ylikoski","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Spine Journal"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199602000-00004","article-title":"Anthropometric Measurements and Body Proportions Among Chinese Children","volume":"323","author":"JCY Cheng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.081255","article-title":"Bone structure at the distal radius during adolescent growth","volume":"24","author":"S Kirmani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.111","article-title":"Bone density, geometry, microstructure, and stiffness: Relationships between peripheral and central skeletal sites assessed by DXA, HR-pQCT, and cQCT in premenopausal women","volume":"25","author":"XS Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-1998-65-606","article-title":"In vivo high resolution 3D-QCT of the human forearm","volume":"6","author":"A Laib","year":"1998","journal-title":"Technol Health Care"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2006.11.002","article-title":"Accuracy of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography for measurement of bone quality","volume":"29","author":"JA MacNeil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00205-6","article-title":"Ridge number density: a new parameter for in vivo bone structure analysis","volume":"21","author":"A Laib","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2818.1997.1340694.x","article-title":"A new method for the model-independent assessment of thickness in three-dimensional images","volume":"185","author":"T Hildebrand","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Microscopy"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00159-8","article-title":"Calibration of trabecular bone structure measurements of in vivo three-dimensional peripheral quantitative computed tomography with 28-microm-resolution microcomputed tomography","volume":"24","author":"A Laib","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6343","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009795200","article-title":"Modulation of circulating leptin levels by its soluble receptor","volume":"276","author":"L Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.7.2105","article-title":"Regulation of circulating soluble leptin receptor levels by gender, adiposity, sex steroids, and leptin: observational and interventional studies in humans","volume":"51","author":"JL Chan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lou PH, Yang G, Huang L, Cui Y, Pourbahrami T, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2010) Reduced body weight and increased energy expenditure in transgenic mice over-expressing soluble leptin receptor. PLoS One.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011669"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00246.x","article-title":"The soluble leptin receptor neutralizes leptin-mediated STAT3 signalling and anorexic responses in vivo","volume":"158","author":"J Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30546","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.48.30546","article-title":"Hyperleptinemia of pregnancy associated with the appearance of a circulating form of the leptin receptor","volume":"272","author":"O Gavrilova","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0027","article-title":"Modulation of direct leptin signaling by soluble leptin receptor","volume":"18","author":"G Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802432","article-title":"The soluble leptin receptor is crucial for leptin action: evidence from clinical and experimental data","volume":"27","author":"O Zastrow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21195","article-title":"Soluble receptor inhibits leptin transport","volume":"214","author":"H Tu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021604","article-title":"Body fat mass and macronutrient intake in relation to circulating soluble leptin receptor, free leptin index, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations in healthy humans","volume":"88","author":"M Yannakoulia","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032251","article-title":"Hormonal and body composition predictors of soluble leptin receptor, leptin, and free leptin index in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and controls and relation to insulin sensitivity","volume":"89","author":"M Misra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-022030","article-title":"Changes in circulating leptin, leptin receptor, and gonadal hormones from infancy until advanced age in humans","volume":"88","author":"DR Mann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2000.007","article-title":"Serum leptin and leptin receptors in healthy prepubertal children: relations to insulin resistance and lipid parameters, body mass index (BMI), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), heart fatty acid binding protein (hFABP), and IgG anticardiolipin (ACL-IgG)","volume":"143","author":"J Malincikova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Univ Palacki Olomuc Fac Med"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2005.18.12.1399","article-title":"BMI-conditional standard of leptin serum values in children: proposal of a statistical procedure for the analysis of influencing variables","volume":"18","author":"F Celi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4587","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020001","article-title":"Circulating soluble leptin receptor and free leptin index during childhood, puberty, and adolescence","volume":"87","author":"J Kratzsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34787","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034787","article-title":"Novel regulatory mechanisms for generation of the soluble leptin receptor: implications for leptin action","volume":"7","author":"M Schaab","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"47","article-title":"Persistent osteopenia in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis - longitudinal monitoring of bone mineral density until skeletal maturity","volume":"123","author":"JC Cheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"599","article-title":"Lower degree of mineralization found in cortical bone of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)","volume":"123","author":"HY Yeung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000158001.23177.8d","article-title":"Bone density accumulation is not affected by brace treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescent girls","volume":"25","author":"BD Snyder","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1792-1","article-title":"Generalized low bone mass of girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is related to inadequate calcium intake and weight bearing physical activity in peripubertal period","volume":"16","author":"WTK Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ebab39","article-title":"Abnormal bone quality in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study on 635 subjects and 269 normal controls with bone densitometry and quantitative ultrasound","volume":"36","author":"TP Lam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0757-z","article-title":"Low bone mineral status in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"17","author":"XF Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198907000-00010","article-title":"Peak skeletal mass assessment in young adults with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"14","author":"KP Velis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2001.14.7.833","article-title":"Osteoporosis in children and adolescents: diagnosis, risk factors, and prevention","volume":"14","author":"G Saggese","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref83","unstructured":"Dempster DW (1992) Bone Remodeling. In: Coe FL, Favus MJ, editors. Disorders of bone and mineral metabolism. New York: Raven Press. 355\u2013380."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050103","article-title":"Leptin treatment induces loss of bone marrow adipocytes and increases bone formation in leptin-deficient ob\/ob mice","volume":"20","author":"MW Hamrick","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(86)80017-1","article-title":"Osteopenia in mice with genetic diabetes","volume":"2","author":"R Lorentzon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S1297-319X(02)00005-2","article-title":"Leptin: a potential mediator for protective effects of fat mass on bone tissue","volume":"70","author":"T Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060705","article-title":"Hypothalamic regulation of cortical bone mass: opposing activity of Y2 receptor and leptin pathways","volume":"21","author":"PA Baldock","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"4227","article-title":"Hypothalamic actions of neuromedin U. Endocrinology","volume":"143","author":"AM Wren","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"1234","article-title":"Central control of bone remodeling by neuromedin U. Nat Med","volume":"13","author":"S Sato","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2003.11.020","article-title":"Leptin deficiency produces contrasting phenotypes in bones of the limb and spine","volume":"34","author":"MW Hamrick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0087939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T22:11:45Z","timestamp":1648246305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0087939"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Deborah","family":"Kado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0087939","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]]}}}