{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T21:49:26Z","timestamp":1784324966266,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391558400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T22:20:21Z","timestamp":1391638821000},"page":"e88282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Regulation of Alfalfa Saponin Extract on Key Genes Involved in Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dedi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuebing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengzhang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.057","article-title":"Beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: respective contributions of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio to coronary heart disease risk in apparently healthy men and women","volume":"55","author":"BJ Arsenault","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000181761.16341.2b","article-title":"Extracellular signal-regulated kinase dependent stabilization of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA by herbal medicine berberine","volume":"25","author":"P Abidi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.01.013","article-title":"Effects of ethanolic extract of Iris germanica on lipid profile of rats fed on a high-fat diet","volume":"98","author":"MI Choudhary","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"119","article-title":"Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of dyslipidemia","volume":"6","author":"HY Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Geriatric Cardiology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/0271-5317(95)00081-S","article-title":"The nutritional &amp; biological significance of saponins","volume":"15(8)","author":"J Milgate","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nutrition Research"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1515\/DMDI.2000.17.1-4.211","article-title":"The bioactivity of saponins: triterpenoid and steroidal glycosides","volume":"17","author":"AV Rao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Metabol Drug Interact"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"205","article-title":"Alfalfa","volume":"2","author":"DK Barens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Agri"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2000.00218812007700ES0009x","article-title":"Actual and potential applications of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria saponins in human and animal nutrition","volume":"77","author":"PR Cheeke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1021\/jf970389i","article-title":"Alfalfa saponins and their implication in animal nutrition","volume":"46","author":"S Sen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(77)90113-1","article-title":"Prevention of elevated cholesteremia in monkeys by alfalfa saponins","volume":"29","author":"MR Malinow","year":"1977","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/30.12.2061","article-title":"Effect of alfalfa saponins on intestinal cholesterol absorption in rats","volume":"30(12)","author":"MR Malinow","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.9.1810","article-title":"Comparative effects of alfalfa saponins and alfalfa fiber on cholesterol absorption in rats","volume":"32(9)","author":"MR Malinow","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.4.783","article-title":"Effects of dietary saponins on fecal bile acids and neutral sterols, plasma lipids, and lipoprotein turnover in the pig","volume":"33","author":"DL Topping","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.6.917","article-title":"Interactions of alfalfa plant and sprout saponins with cholesterol in vitro and in cholesterol-fed rats","volume":"39(6)","author":"JA Story","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2005.03.006","article-title":"Modulation of regulatory factors involved in cholesterol metabolism in response to feeding of pravastatin- or cholesterol-supplemented diet in chickens","volume":"1734","author":"H Matsuyama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochim Biophysic Acta"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32008-3","article-title":"Diurnal and dietary-induced changes in cholesterol synthesis correlate with levels of mRNA for HMG-CoA reductase","volume":"41","author":"H Jurevics","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"449","article-title":"The pharmacological exploitation of cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase, the key enzyme in bile acid synthesis: from binding resins to chromatin remodelling to reduce plasma cholesterol","volume":"116","author":"F Gilardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacology&Therapeutics"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26755","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.41.26755","article-title":"ACAT2, A Second Mammalian Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase","volume":"273(41)","author":"S Cases","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3513311","article-title":"A receptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis","volume":"232","author":"MS Brown","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"210","article-title":"Effects of alfalfa saponins on the lipid metabolism,antioxidation and immunity of weaned piglets","volume":"20(4)","author":"CZ Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Prataculturae Sinica"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"294","article-title":"Effect of alfalfa saponins on cholesterol metabolism and its molecular mechanism","volume":"22(5)","author":"DD Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Prataculturae Sinica"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"182","article-title":"Comparative Study on the modelling of hyperlipidemia rat by different high-fat diets","volume":"40(1)","author":"XK Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2010.04.006","article-title":"Consumption of dried fruit of <italic>Crataegus pinnatifid<\/italic> (hawthorn) suppresses high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats","volume":"2","author":"CY Kwok","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Functional Foods"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1185539","article-title":"Suppression of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia by Scutellarin in rats","volume":"75","author":"Q Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"703","article-title":"The experimental animal model of hyper lipidemia and hyper lipidemic fatty liver in rats","volume":"20","author":"HC Ni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"MM Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemstry"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"582","article-title":"The effect of Fufang Zhenshu Tiaozhi extract on hepatic lipase in diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats","volume":"32","author":"J Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.03.012","article-title":"A new TCM formula FTZ lowers serum cholesterol by regulating HMG-CoA reductase and CYP7A1 in hyperlipidemic rats","volume":"135","author":"J Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14234-1","article-title":"Dyslipidaemia","volume":"362","author":"P Durrington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.08.061","article-title":"Assessing low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a risk factor in coronary heart disease: a working group report and update","volume":"43","author":"AJ Gotto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.532499","article-title":"Nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in the prediction of coronary heart disease in men","volume":"112","author":"T Pischon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-2-200501180-00008","article-title":"A randomized trial of a strategy for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: effects on progression of coronary heart disease and clinical events","volume":"142","author":"EJ Whitney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061815","article-title":"Molecular medicine. The cholesterol quartet","volume":"292","author":"JL Goldstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"228","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates diet-induced hyperchlolesterolemia in rats","volume":"(7)","author":"HM Arafa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit 11"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"328","article-title":"Plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels in rats fed a diet enriched in cholesterol and cholic acid","volume":"68(5)","author":"MT Chiang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(02)00441-8","article-title":"Naringenin 7-O-cetyl ether as inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase and modulator of plasma and hepatic lipids in high cholesterol-fed rats","volume":"11","author":"MK Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500018-JLR200","article-title":"ACAT2 contributes cholesteryl esters to newly secreted VLDL, whereas LCAT adds cholesteryl ester to LDL in mice","volume":"46","author":"RG Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000147558.15554.67","article-title":"Plasma cholesterol esters provided by lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 have opposite atherosclerotic potential","volume":"95","author":"RG Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/343425a0","article-title":"Regulation of the mevalonate pathway","volume":"343","author":"MS Goldstein JL & Brown","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31401","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204106200","article-title":"Primates highly responsive to dietary cholesterol up-regulate hepatic ACAT2, and less responsive primates do not","volume":"277","author":"LL Rudel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14267","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.118422","article-title":"Inhibition of Acyl-Coenzyme A Cholesterol Acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) Prevents Dietary Cholesterol-associated Steatosis by Enhancing Hepatic Triglyceride Mobilization","volume":"285","author":"HM Alger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712","article-title":"The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis","volume":"72","author":"DW Russell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annual Review of Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2003.11.006","article-title":"Regulation of bile acid synthesis: pathways, nuclear receptors, and mechanisms","volume":"40","author":"JY Chiang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3095fje","article-title":"Grape seed procyanidins improve atherosclerotic risk index and induce liver CYP7A1 and SHP expression in healthy rats","volume":"19 (3)","author":"JM Del Bas","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41615-3","article-title":"Hepatic mRNA levels for the LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase show coordinate regulation in vivo","volume":"33","author":"M Rudling","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reena MB, Gowda LR, Lokesh BR (2011) Enhanced hypocholesterolemic effects of interesterified oils are mediated by upregulating LDL receptor and cholesterol 7-\u03b1-hydroxylase gene expression in rats. The Journal of Nutrition doi: 10.3945\/jn.110.127027","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.127027"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.11.3499","article-title":"Rates of receptor-dependent and independent low density lipoprotein uptake in the hamster","volume":"80","author":"DK Spady","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Nati Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4526","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.13.4526","article-title":"Dietary saturated triacylglycerols supress hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor activity in the hamster","volume":"82","author":"DW Spady DK & Bilheimer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Nati Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1159","article-title":"Suppression of diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia by saponins from <italic>Panax notoginseng<\/italic> in rats. Journal of Functional Food","volume":"5","author":"JH Wu","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0345898","article-title":"Regulative actions of dietary soyisoflvoneon biological antioxidative system and lipid metabolism in rats","volume":"52","author":"Y Kawakami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.01.016","article-title":"Puerarin decreases serum total cholesterol and enhances thoracic aorta endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats","volume":"79","author":"LP Yan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Sciences"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0088282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:13:53Z","timestamp":1716509633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0088282"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Claret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0088282","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]}}}