{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T23:35:29Z","timestamp":1779147329307,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T20:34:29Z","timestamp":1397075669000},"page":"e89710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Regular Cocaine Use Is Associated with Increased Systolic Blood Pressure, Aortic Stiffness and Left Ventricular Mass in Young Otherwise Healthy Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Kozor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart M.","family":"Grieve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharlene","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Darke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravinay","family":"Bhindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gemma A.","family":"Figtree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.11.008","article-title":"Cocaine intoxication and hypertension","volume":"51","author":"JE Hollander","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq036","article-title":"Cardiovascular flashlight. Cocaine-induced myocardial injury seen as multiple mid-wall foci of late enhancement by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"31","author":"S Buchholz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.05.040","article-title":"Acute aortic dissection associated with use of cocaine","volume":"46","author":"JC Daniel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(97)00003-6","article-title":"Cocaine-induced wide complex dysrhythmia","volume":"15","author":"W Kerns 2nd","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90142-A","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of intranasal cocaine in humans","volume":"20","author":"JD Boehrer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199402173300702","article-title":"Coronary-artery vasoconstriction induced by cocaine, cigarette smoking, or both","volume":"330","author":"DJ Moliterno","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-008-9025-z","article-title":"Molecular analysis of cocaine-induced endothelial dysfunction: role of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide","volume":"8","author":"L Pradhan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.3.876","article-title":"Activation of human platelets by cocaine","volume":"88","author":"AD Kugelmass","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq229","article-title":"Cocaine-induced epicardial coronary artery thrombosis resulting in extensive myocardial injury assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"31","author":"D Robaei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"842","article-title":"Direct cocaine cardiotoxicity demonstrated by endomyocardial biopsy","volume":"113","author":"SK Peng","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2011.226977","article-title":"Silent myocardial damage in cocaine addicts","volume":"97","author":"GD Aquaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.10.056","article-title":"Effect of long-term cocaine use on regional left ventricular function as determined by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"97","author":"S Ren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.3.1130","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy associated with chronic cocaine abuse","volume":"84","author":"ME Brickner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90374-V","article-title":"Cardiac manifestations of cocaine abuse: a cross-sectional study of asymptomatic men with a history of long-term abuse of \u201ccrack\u201d cocaine","volume":"20","author":"S Chakko","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2011) 2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey report. Drug Statistics Series no. 25. Cat no. PHE 145, Canberra: AIHW 137\u2013144."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230412331324518","article-title":"Injecting and non-injecting cocaine use in Sydney, Australia: physical and psychological morbidity","volume":"23","author":"S Kaye","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00875.x","article-title":"Non-fatal cocaine overdose among injecting and non-injecting cocaine users in Sydney, Australia","volume":"99","author":"S Kaye","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03650.x","article-title":"An Australian profile on the use of cocaine","volume":"92","author":"J Hando","year":"1997","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2010.09.026","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the interventional cardiologist","volume":"4","author":"GA Figtree","year":"2011","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2011.02606.x","article-title":"Principles, current status and clinical implications of ischaemic heart disease assessment by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"42","author":"W Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-12-26","article-title":"Measuring aortic pulse wave velocity using high-field cardiovascular magnetic resonance: comparison of techniques","volume":"12","author":"elSH Ibrahim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.06.040","article-title":"Diastolic dysfunction: improved understanding using emerging imaging techniques","volume":"160","author":"D Daneshvar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-12-65","article-title":"Reference left atrial dimensions and volumes by steady state free precession cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"12","author":"AM Maceira","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-14-2","article-title":"Bramwell-Hill modeling for local aortic pulse wave velocity estimation: a validation study with velocity-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance and invasive pressure assessment","volume":"14","author":"JJ Westenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.133645","article-title":"Pulse wave velocity assessment by external noninvasive devices and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging in the obese","volume":"54","author":"L Joly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-11-10","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance parameters of atherosclerotic plaque burden improve discrimination of prior major adverse cardiovascular events","volume":"11","author":"V Mani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"136","article-title":"Cocaine use in America: Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspectives","volume":"61","author":"NJ Kozel","year":"1985","journal-title":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Research Monograph Series"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2007.00593.x","article-title":"Effect of chronic cocaine abuse on the elastic properties of aorta","volume":"25","author":"MA Bigi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl254","article-title":"Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications","volume":"27","author":"S Laurent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/10976640600572889","article-title":"Normalized left ventricular systolic and diastolic function by steady state free precession cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"8","author":"AM Maceira","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2009.16","article-title":"Indexation of left ventricular mass to body surface area and height to allometric power of 2.7: is the difference limited to obese hypertensives?","volume":"23","author":"C Cuspidi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960130505","article-title":"Unrecognized left ventricular dysfunction in an apparently healthy cocaine abuse population","volume":"13","author":"BD Bertolet","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(92)90224-D","article-title":"Ethanol\/cocaine interaction: cocaine and cocaethylene plasma concentrations and their relationship to subjective and cardiovascular effects","volume":"51","author":"M Perez-Reyes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00426-5","article-title":"Concurrent use of cocaine and alcohol is more potent and potentially more toxic than use of either alone\u2013a multiple-dose study","volume":"44","author":"EF McCance-Katz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00028-3","article-title":"Self-report among injecting drug users: a review","volume":"51","author":"S Darke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.04.009","article-title":"Comparison between self-report and hair analysis of illicit drug use in a community sample of middle-aged men","volume":"33","author":"DM Ledgerwood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addict Behav"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0089710","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T22:12:41Z","timestamp":1540246361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0089710"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nick","family":"Ashton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0089710","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]]}}}