{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:16:52Z","timestamp":1789636612170,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393286400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T22:15:22Z","timestamp":1393366522000},"page":"e90187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Crosslinking-Induced Endocytosis of Acetylcholine Receptors by Quantum Dots"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Chi Wai","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Benjamin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.389","article-title":"Development of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction","volume":"22","author":"JR Sanes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Synaptic structure and development: the neuromuscular junction","volume":"72","author":"ZW Hall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81251-9","article-title":"The receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK is required for neuromuscular junction formation in vivo","volume":"85","author":"TM DeChiara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.10.002","article-title":"Lrp4 is a receptor for Agrin and forms a complex with MuSK","volume":"135","author":"N Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.10.006","article-title":"LRP4 serves as a coreceptor of agrin","volume":"60","author":"B Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.69.1.144","article-title":"Quantitation of junctional and extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors by electron microscope autoradiography after 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding at mouse neuromuscular junctions","volume":"69","author":"HC Fertuck","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.150.6.1321","article-title":"The actin-driven movement and formation of acetylcholine receptor clusters","volume":"150","author":"Z Dai","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2322","article-title":"Regulation of acetylcholine receptor clustering by ADF\/cofilin-directed vesicular trafficking","volume":"12","author":"CW Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-1-18","article-title":"alpha-Actinin interacts with rapsyn in agrin-stimulated AChR clustering","volume":"1","author":"GC Dobbins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-06-01998.1999","article-title":"Metabolic stabilization of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by rapsyn","volume":"19","author":"ZZ Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200004)23:4<453::AID-MUS3>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Acetylcholine receptors and myasthenia","volume":"23","author":"JM Lindstrom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90037-3","article-title":"Three-dimensional location of the main immunogenic region of the acetylcholine receptor","volume":"15","author":"R Beroukhim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880020304","article-title":"Antigenic modulation and receptor loss in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis","volume":"2","author":"J Lindstrom","year":"1979","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.034","article-title":"Treatment of myasthenia gravis by preventing acetylcholine receptor modulation","volume":"1132","author":"M Losen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155411398487","article-title":"Quantum dots in cell biology","volume":"59","author":"MM Barroso","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-80","article-title":"The formation of acetylcholine receptor clusters visualized with quantum dots","volume":"10","author":"L Geng","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026805","article-title":"Mechanism of acetylcholine receptor cluster formation induced by DC electric field","volume":"6","author":"HL Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4823","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.8.4823","article-title":"Crosslinkage and visualization of acetylcholine receptors on myotubes with biotinylated alpha-bungarotoxin and fluorescent avidin","volume":"77","author":"D Axelrod","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1996.0063","article-title":"The role of an agrin-growth factor interaction in ACh receptor clustering","volume":"8","author":"DF Daggett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5050","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05050.2003","article-title":"Differential effects of neurotrophins and schwann cell-derived signals on neuronal survival\/growth and synaptogenesis","volume":"23","author":"HB Peng","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)60294-0","article-title":"Tissue culture of Xenopus neurons and muscle cells as a model for studying synaptic induction","volume":"36","author":"HB Peng","year":"1991","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054704","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1993567","article-title":"Mechanisms of fluorescence blinking in semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots","volume":"123","author":"J Tang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engel AG, Fumagalli G (1982) Mechanisms of acetylcholine receptor loss from the neuromuscular junction. Ciba Found Symp: 197\u2013224.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470720721.ch12"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200709086","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is internalized via a Rac-dependent, dynamin-independent endocytic pathway","volume":"181","author":"S Kumari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9949","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3169-05.2005","article-title":"Identification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor recycling and its role in maintaining receptor density at the neuromuscular junction in vivo","volume":"25","author":"E Bruneau","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104274","article-title":"Quantum dots for live cells, in vivo imaging, and diagnostics","volume":"307","author":"X Michalet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46927","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308261200","article-title":"Ligand binding determines whether CD46 is internalized by clathrin-coated pits or macropinocytosis","volume":"278","author":"B Crimeen-Irwin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E05-01-0025","article-title":"Plasticity of B cell receptor internalization upon conditional depletion of clathrin","volume":"16","author":"A Stoddart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10203","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.15.10203","article-title":"Inhibition of receptor internalization by monodansylcadaverine selectively blocks p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor death domain signaling","volume":"274","author":"S Schutze","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)38906-8","article-title":"A comparison of catecholamine-induced internalization of beta-adrenergic receptors and receptor-mediated endocytosis of epidermal growth factor in human astrocytoma cells. Inhibition by phenylarsine oxide","volume":"260","author":"C Hertel","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16026","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.27.16026","article-title":"Cellular cholesterol efflux mediated by cyclodextrins. Demonstration Of kinetic pools and mechanism of efflux","volume":"271","author":"PG Yancey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(98)77632-5","article-title":"Cholesterol distribution in living cells: fluorescence imaging using dehydroergosterol as a fluorescent cholesterol analog","volume":"75","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.3.1253","article-title":"Translocation and clustering of endosomes and lysosomes depends on microtubules","volume":"105","author":"R Matteoni","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(85)90018-8","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in vertebrate muscle: properties, distribution and neural control","volume":"25","author":"MM Salpeter","year":"1985","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.103.4.1399","article-title":"Degradation rates of acetylcholine receptors can be modified in the postjunctional plasma membrane of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction","volume":"103","author":"MM Salpeter","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.108.2.647","article-title":"Degradation rate of acetylcholine receptors inserted into denervated vertebrate neuromuscular junctions","volume":"108","author":"SL Shyng","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(92)90113-Q","article-title":"Agrin isoforms and their role in synaptogenesis","volume":"4","author":"UJ McMahan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81252-0","article-title":"Agrin acts via a MuSK receptor complex","volume":"85","author":"DJ Glass","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9924","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.171539698","article-title":"Neural agrin controls acetylcholine receptor stability in skeletal muscle fibers","volume":"98","author":"G Bezakova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NEUR.0000020619.24681.2b","article-title":"The postsynaptic submembrane machinery at the neuromuscular junction: requirement for rapsyn and the utrophin\/dystrophin-associated complex","volume":"32","author":"GB Banks","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurocytol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24911","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103258200","article-title":"Interactions of the rapsyn RING-H2 domain with dystroglycan","volume":"276","author":"M Bartoli","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7475","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009888200","article-title":"Role of rapsyn tetratricopeptide repeat and coiled-coil domains in self-association and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering","volume":"276","author":"MK Ramarao","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.077685","article-title":"Increased ratio of rapsyn to ACh receptor stabilizes postsynaptic receptors at the mouse neuromuscular synapse","volume":"562","author":"OL Gervasio","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060676","article-title":"Overexpression of rapsyn in rat muscle increases acetylcholine receptor levels in chronic experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis","volume":"170","author":"P Martinez-Martinez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1038\/292831a0","article-title":"Formation of ACh receptor clusters induced by positively charged latex beads","volume":"292","author":"HB Peng","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/35074025","article-title":"Distinct roles of nerve and muscle in postsynaptic differentiation of the neuromuscular synapse","volume":"410","author":"W Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp011880","article-title":"Nerve-induced and spontaneous redistribution of acetylcholine receptors on cultured muscle cells","volume":"268","author":"MJ Anderson","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80303-7","article-title":"Rapsyn is required for MuSK signaling and recruits synaptic components to a MuSK-containing scaffold","volume":"18","author":"ED Apel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-04-03027.1995","article-title":"The role of heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM) in the postsynaptic induction in cultured muscle cells","volume":"15","author":"HB Peng","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-02-00581.1986","article-title":"Elimination of preexistent acetylcholine receptor clusters induced by the formation of new clusters in the absence of nerve","volume":"6","author":"HB Peng","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-70","article-title":"The function of Shp2 tyrosine phosphatase in the dispersal of acetylcholine receptor clusters","volume":"9","author":"YK Qian","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.7.1613","article-title":"A role of tyrosine phosphatase in acetylcholine receptor cluster dispersal and formation","volume":"141","author":"Z Dai","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2004.10.005","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphatase regulation of MuSK-dependent acetylcholine receptor clustering","volume":"28","author":"R Madhavan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0090187","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T18:39:53Z","timestamp":1648406393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0090187"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"William","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0090187","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]}}}