{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:54:30Z","timestamp":1767851670072,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]],"date-time":"2014-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395187200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T03:04:11Z","timestamp":1395284651000},"page":"e92505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effect of Silibinin in Reducing Inflammatory Pathways in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Infection-Induced Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ratana","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carrington J.","family":"Morwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Lappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.062554","article-title":"The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity","volume":"88","author":"S Beck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth","volume":"371","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117680","article-title":"Clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"185","author":"BH Yoon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2007.01.008","article-title":"Infection and the role of inflammation in preterm premature rupture of the membranes","volume":"21","author":"R Menon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412831","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/412831","article-title":"The consequences of chorioamnionitis: preterm birth and effects on development","volume":"2013","author":"R Galinsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000182596.66175.ee","article-title":"Population cohort associating chorioamnionitis, cord inflammatory cytokines and neurologic outcome in very preterm, extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"59","author":"T Kaukola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2350\/06-12-0203.1","article-title":"Placental lesions as predictors of cerebral palsy and abnormal neurocognitive function at school age in extremely low birth weight infants (&lt;1 kg)","volume":"10","author":"RW Redline","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2008.09.410","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm histological chorioamnionitis","volume":"85","author":"A Suppiej","year":"2009","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3560","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.12.3560","article-title":"Cytokine secretion by human fetal membranes, decidua and placenta at term","volume":"13","author":"FC Denison","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gag001","article-title":"Leukocyte density and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human fetal membranes, decidua, cervix and myometrium before and during labour at term","volume":"9","author":"I Osman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/6.4.375","article-title":"Human cervical ripening, an inflammatory process mediated by cytokines","volume":"6","author":"MB Sennstrom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod66.2.445","article-title":"Immunolocalization of proinflammatory cytokines in myometrium, cervix, and fetal membranes during human parturition at term","volume":"66","author":"A Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6934(03)00069-5","article-title":"The role of prostaglandins in the initiation of parturition","volume":"17","author":"DM Olson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8320","article-title":"Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in human placenta and fetal membranes in relation to preterm and term labor","volume":"87","author":"P Xu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2011.12.003","article-title":"Tocolytic therapy for acute preterm labor","volume":"39","author":"A Abramovici","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6531","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6531","article-title":"Tocolytics: do they actually work?","volume":"345","author":"Z Alfirevic","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"CD004947","article-title":"Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth","volume":"7","author":"JM Dodd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.153817","article-title":"Effect of maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine in threatened preterm labor on perinatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"309","author":"C Roos","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182755dff","article-title":"Nifedipine compared with atosiban for treating preterm labor: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"120","author":"R Salim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"636","article-title":"Effect of cervical length to the efficacy of nifedipine and bed rest for inhibiting threatened preterm labor","volume":"95","author":"S Chawanpaiboon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.050021","article-title":"DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"97","author":"SE Carlson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12002","article-title":"Milk thistle and its derivative compounds: a review of opportunities for treatment of liver disease","volume":"27","author":"ES Hackett","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735407301942","article-title":"Review of clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy of milk thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.)","volume":"6","author":"C Tamayo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735407301441","article-title":"Chemopreventive efficacy of silymarin in skin and prostate cancer","volume":"6","author":"G Deep","year":"2007","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1089\/107555303765551633","article-title":"Milk thistle: is there a role for its use as an adjunct therapy in patients with cancer?","volume":"9","author":"EJ Ladas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"4457","article-title":"Anticancer potential of silymarin: from bench to bed side","volume":"26","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2010.01200.x","article-title":"Silybin inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators in canine hepatocyte cultures","volume":"34","author":"AY Au","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041832","article-title":"Silibinin inhibits HIV-1 infection by reducing cellular activation and proliferation","volume":"7","author":"J McClure","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4572","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12426","article-title":"Silibinin protects murine fibroblast L929 cells from UVB-induced apoptosis through the simultaneous inhibition of ATM-p53 pathway and autophagy","volume":"280","author":"W Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2012.685725","article-title":"Dual effects of silibinin treatment on autophagy-regulated dermal apoptosis retardation and epidermal apoptosis up-regulation in UVB-induced skin inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Q Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Asian Nat Prod Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.07.112","article-title":"Silibinin attenuates allergic airway inflammation in mice","volume":"427","author":"YH Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2003.08.032","article-title":"Protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis and inhibition of interleukin-1beta and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by silymarin","volume":"67","author":"JS Kang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2174\/156802611794785190","article-title":"The medicinal chemistry of novel iron chelators for the treatment of cancer","volume":"11","author":"Z Kovacevic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2013.765951","article-title":"Silibinin attenuates oxidative metabolism and cytokine production by monocytes from preeclamptic women","volume":"47","author":"R Cristofalo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2012.06.004","article-title":"Silibinin modulates the NF-kappab pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mononuclear cells from preeclamptic women","volume":"95","author":"VS Giorgi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"14","article-title":"NOD1 and NOD2 regulate proinflammatory and prolabor mediators in human fetal membranes and myometrium via nuclear factor-kappa B. Biol Reprod","volume":"89","author":"M Lappas","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat015","article-title":"Dietary phytophenols curcumin, naringenin and apigenin reduce infection-induced inflammatory and contractile pathways in human placenta, foetal membranes and myometrium","volume":"19","author":"R Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485201","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/485201","article-title":"Dietary flavonoids as therapeutics for preterm birth: luteolin and kaempferol suppress inflammation in human gestational tissues in vitro","volume":"2013","author":"C Wall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-09-0304","article-title":"Silibinin suppresses growth and induces apoptotic death of human colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells in culture and tumor xenograft","volume":"8","author":"M Kaur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.21843","article-title":"Effect of silibinin in human colorectal cancer cells: targeting the activation of NF-kappaB signaling","volume":"52","author":"K Raina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim BR, Seo HS, Ku JM, Kim GJ, Jeon CY, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2013) Silibinin inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway in HMC-1 human mast cells. Inflamm Res.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-013-0640-1"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5576(01)00142-3","article-title":"Production of oxytocin receptor and cytokines in primary uterine smooth muscle cells cultivated under inflammatory conditions","volume":"9","author":"H Helmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(87)90070-6","article-title":"Preterm labor: stimulation of arachidonic acid metabolism in human amnion cells by bacterial products","volume":"156","author":"PR Bennett","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2011.09.011","article-title":"MAPK and AP-1 proteins are increased in term pre-labour fetal membranes overlying the cervix: regulation of enzymes involved in the degradation of fetal membranes","volume":"32","author":"M Lappas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gag026","article-title":"The effects of labour and of interleukin 1 beta upon the expression of nuclear factor kappa B related proteins in human amnion","volume":"9","author":"Y Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.105163","article-title":"SIRT6 is decreased with preterm labor and regulates key terminal effector pathways of human labor in fetal membranes","volume":"88","author":"R Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719112472741","article-title":"Apelin is decreased with human preterm and term labor and regulates prolabor mediators in human primary amnion cells","volume":"20","author":"R Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2013.04.005","article-title":"Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in pregnant human myometrial cells: A role as a pro-inflammatory mediator in human parturition","volume":"99","author":"M Lappas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.108126","article-title":"A novel role for FOXO3 in human labor: increased expression in laboring myometrium, and regulation of proinflammatory and prolabor mediators in pregnant human myometrial cells","volume":"88","author":"R Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1415","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.6.R1415","article-title":"Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 prevents inflammation-mediated preterm labor in the mouse","volume":"278","author":"G Gross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70460-X","article-title":"Repeated administration of low-dose lipopolysaccharide induces preterm delivery in mice: a model for human preterm parturition and for assessment of the therapeutic ability of drugs against preterm delivery","volume":"174","author":"N Kaga","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.485","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors with different isoform selectivity in lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth in mice","volume":"189","author":"PR Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00295.x","article-title":"Silibinin prevents amyloid beta peptide-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in mice","volume":"157","author":"P Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01965156","article-title":"Effect of silybin on hepatic cell membranes after damage by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)","volume":"12","author":"R Meiss","year":"1982","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2010.12.006","article-title":"Inhibiting NF-kappaB activation and ROS production are involved in the mechanism of silibinin&apos;s protection against D-galactose-induced senescence","volume":"98","author":"Q Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031385","article-title":"Regulation of phospholipase isozymes by nuclear factor-kappaB in human gestational tissues in vitro","volume":"89","author":"M Lappas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.166884","article-title":"Protection against acute kidney injury via A(1) adenosine receptor-mediated Akt activation reduces liver injury after liver ischemia and reperfusion in mice","volume":"333","author":"SW Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35989","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.254201","article-title":"Identification of a cytochrome P4502E1\/Bid\/C1q-dependent axis mediating inflammation in adipose tissue after chronic ethanol feeding to mice","volume":"286","author":"BM Sebastian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.200733","article-title":"Exercise-induced liver chemokine CXCL-1 expression is linked to muscle-derived interleukin-6 expression","volume":"589","author":"L Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"18","article-title":"Functional cooperation of of IL-1beta and RGS4 in the brachial plexus avulsion mediated brain reorganization","volume":"5","author":"J Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802683","article-title":"IL-10-dependent S100A8 gene induction in monocytes\/macrophages by double-stranded RNA","volume":"182","author":"Y Endoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9362","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221242110","article-title":"Ninjurin1, a target of p53, regulates p53 expression and p53-dependent cell survival, senescence, and radiation-induced mortality","volume":"110","author":"SJ Cho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhupathiraju SN, Wedick NM, Pan A, Manson JE, Rexrode KM, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2013) Quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable intake and risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr.","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.066381"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.104968","article-title":"A dietary pattern characterized by high intake of vegetables, fruits, and vegetable oils is associated with reduced risk of preeclampsia in nulliparous pregnant Norwegian women","volume":"139","author":"AL Brantsaeter","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d1875","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d1875","article-title":"Clinical risk prediction for pre-eclampsia in nulliparous women: development of model in international prospective cohort","volume":"342","author":"RA North","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keelan JA, Blumenstein M, Helliwell RJ, Sato TA, Marvin KW, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2003) Cytokines, prostaglandins and parturition\u2014a review. Placenta 24 Suppl A: S33\u201346.","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0948"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422007","article-title":"Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery","volume":"342","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"1705","article-title":"The differential expression of myometrial connexin-43, cyclooxygenase-1 and -2, and Gs alpha proteins in the upper and lower segments of the human uterus during pregnancy and labor","volume":"84","author":"C Sparey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.430304.x","article-title":"Interleukin-1 stimulates human uterine prostaglandin production through induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression","volume":"43","author":"PN Rauk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803053381006","article-title":"Premature rupture of the fetal membranes","volume":"338","author":"S Parry","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00579.x","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinases in preterm labour","volume":"112","author":"F Vadillo-Ortega","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.173229","article-title":"Intakes of garlic and dried fruits are associated with lower risk of spontaneous preterm delivery","volume":"143","author":"R Myhre","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10005","article-title":"Perinatal infection, fetal inflammatory response, white matter damage, and cognitive limitations in children born preterm","volume":"8","author":"O Dammann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22368","article-title":"Inflammation-induced preterm birth alters neuronal morphology in the mouse fetal brain","volume":"88","author":"I Burd","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.07.019","article-title":"Ninjurin1 is expressed in myeloid cells and mediates endothelium adhesion in the brains of EAE rats","volume":"387","author":"BJ Ahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22519","article-title":"Role of Ninjurin-1 in the migration of myeloid cells to central nervous system inflammatory lesions","volume":"70","author":"I Ifergan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2013.18","article-title":"Randomized, placebo controlled, double blind trial evaluating early pregnancy phytonutrient supplementation in the prevention of preeclampsia","volume":"33","author":"MR Parrish","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2011.02.011","article-title":"Intrauterine inflammation, insufficient to induce parturition, still evokes fetal and neonatal brain injury","volume":"29","author":"MA Elovitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"3063","article-title":"Dietary feeding of silibinin inhibits advance human prostate carcinoma growth in athymic nude mice and increases plasma insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 levels","volume":"62","author":"RP Singh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-2724","article-title":"Pilot study of oral silibinin, a putative chemopreventive agent, in colorectal cancer patients: silibinin levels in plasma, colorectum, and liver and their pharmacodynamic consequences","volume":"12","author":"C Hoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20595","article-title":"Silibinin inhibits human nonsmall cell lung cancer cell growth through cell-cycle arrest by modulating expression and function of key cell-cycle regulators","volume":"49","author":"S Mateen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod67.2.668","article-title":"Nuclear factor kappa B regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human gestational tissues in vitro","volume":"67","author":"M Lappas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2006.05.011","article-title":"The role and regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B signalling pathway in human labour","volume":"28","author":"M Lappas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Placenta"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0092505","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]],"date-time":"2020-08-16T14:10:17Z","timestamp":1597587017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0092505"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Proost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0092505","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]}}}