{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:11:58Z","timestamp":1791274318255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395360000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T21:13:14Z","timestamp":1395436394000},"page":"e92865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Necrotising Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: Epidemiology and Antibiotic Consumption in the Polish Neonatology Network Neonatal Intensive Care Units in 2009"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jadwiga","family":"W\u00f3jkowska-Mach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Borszewska-Kornacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Doma\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Gadzinowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Gulczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Helwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kordek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Szczapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr B.","family":"Heczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.1.50","article-title":"Gastric residuals and their relationships to necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birthweight infants","volume":"113","author":"BA Cobb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.24.1.37","article-title":"Pathophysiology and current management of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"24","author":"KK Horton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1080\/08035320510043637","article-title":"Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: an update","volume":"94","author":"J Neu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211165","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis and neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely low birth weight infants &lt; 1000 g","volume":"24","author":"WA Salhab","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3028","article-title":"Mortality and Neonatal Morbidity Among Infants 501 to 1500 grams from 2000 to 2009","volume":"129(6)","author":"JD Horbar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005408","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"364(3)","author":"J Neu","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.2142","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis: a multifactorial disease with no cure","volume":"14(14)","author":"KL Schnabl","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959","article-title":"Eunice Kennedy Dhiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network","volume":"126(3)","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2011.0002","article-title":"Cost of necrotizing enterocolitis and cost-effectiveness of exclusively human milk-based products in feeding extremely premature infants","volume":"1(7)","author":"V Ganapathy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breastfeeding Medicine"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2003.12.038","article-title":"Development of a surveillance system for nosocomial infections: the component for neonatal intensive care in Germany","volume":"57","author":"P Gastmeier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.02.003","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Clinical Chorioamnionitis","volume":"37(2)","author":"ATN Tita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.09.014","article-title":"Trends in neonatal morbidity and mortality for very low birth weight infants","volume":"196","author":"AA Fanaroff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"260","article-title":"Demographic year book of Poland","volume":"2010","year":"2010","journal-title":"Warsaw"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200410000-00012","article-title":"Variations in incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in Canadian neonatal intensive care units","volume":"39","author":"K Sankaran","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1110083","article-title":"Predischarge morbidities in extremely and very low-birth-weight infants in Spanish neonatal units","volume":"26(5)","author":"M Moro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amer J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318174e855","article-title":"Necrotising Enterocolitis in very low birth wright infants in Italy: incidence and non-nutritional risk factors","volume":"47","author":"L Gagliardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3423","article-title":"Prolonged duration on initial empirical antibiotic treatment in associated with increased rates of necrotizing enterocolitis and death for extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"123","author":"CM Cotten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/562594","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants: a systemic review","volume":"2012","author":"BK Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"236","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis as a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"162(2)","author":"JV Been","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1398","article-title":"Hypothesis: inappropriate colonization of the premature intestine can cause neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis Faseb J","volume":"15","author":"EC Claud","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198609000-00009","article-title":"Fecal bacterial microflora of newborn infants during intensive care management and treatment with five antibiotic regiments","volume":"5","author":"E Bennet","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31817b6dbe","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis: risk factor analysis and role of gastric residuals in very low birth weight infants","volume":"48","author":"E Bertino","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatric Gastroenterol Nutrition"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"213","article-title":"Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis, classification, and spectrum of disease","volume":"17","author":"RM Kliegman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Curr Prob Pediatr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01795.x","article-title":"Incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very-lowbirth-weight infants related to use of Lactobacilus GG","volume":"99","author":"R Luoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"617","article-title":"Enteral L-arginine Supplementation for Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Double-Blind Randomized Pilot Study of Efficacy and Safety","volume":"37(5)","author":"E Polycarpou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkatesh MP, Abrams SA (2010) Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 10.1002\/14651858.CD007137.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007137"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"CD001970","article-title":"Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants","volume":"(3)","author":"J Morgan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"4539","article-title":"Duodenal microflora in very-low-birth-weight neonates and relation to necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"38(12)","author":"CM Hoy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.26.2.279-282.1988","article-title":"Delta toxin activity in coagulase-negative staphylococci from the bowels of neonates","volume":"26(2)","author":"DW Scheifele","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.9.2268-2273.1987","article-title":"Delta-like toxin produced by coagulase-negative staphylococci is associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"55(9)","author":"DW Scheifele","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooks HJ, McConnell MA, Broadbent RS (2013) Microbes and the Inflammatory Response in Necrotising Enterocolitis, Preterm Birth, Dr. Offer Erez (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0952-5, InTech, DOI: 10.5772\/55039. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/preterm-birth\/microbes-and-the-inflammatory-response-in-necrotising-enterocolitis\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/preterm-birth\/microbes-and-the-inflammatory-response-in-necrotising-enterocolitis<\/ext-link> (uploaded 23.04.2013).","DOI":"10.5772\/55039"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2537","article-title":"Distinctive distribution of pathogens associated with peritonitis in neonates with focal intestinal perforation compared with necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"116","author":"EW Coates","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah D, Sinn JK (2012) Antibiotic regimens for the empirical treatment of newborn infants with necrotizing colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002\/14651858.CD007448.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007448"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Progress in the field of necrotizing enterocolitis \u2013 year 2012","volume":"14","author":"G Atlalye-Jape","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0092865","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]],"date-time":"2020-08-16T17:01:11Z","timestamp":1597597271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0092865"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lynette K.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0092865","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]}}}